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Nitrogen mustard: diminution of toxicity in axenic mice.

Axenic, or germ-free, mice are more resistant to the delayed lethal effect of nitrogen mustard than normal mice. The resistance is most striking when mustard is administered at pH 2.0. The finding supports the hypothesis that intestinal bacteria play an important role in the systemic toxicity of nitrogen mustard.

Animals↗

URACIL MUSTARD: A POTENT INDUCER OF LUNG TUMORS IN MICE.

Uracil mustard, injected intraperitoneally, increased the incidence and average number of pulmonary tumors in A/J mice. In comparison to a typical alkylating agent, nitrogen mustard, or to urethan, uracil mustard (on a molar basis) was considerably more carcinogenic.

DNA↗

CHLOROPLAST MUTAGENESIS: EFFECT OF N-METHYL-N'NITRO-N-NITROSOGUANIDINE AND SOME OTHER AGENTS ON EUGLENA.

Treatment of normal green Euglena gracilis with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine results in permanent loss of the ability to form chloroplasts in close to 100 percent of the organisms. The resulting "bleached" strains can be maintained for over 100 generations; no reversion to chloroplast-containing organisms occurs within this time. Alkylating agents, azaserine, mitomycin C, acridines, nitrous acid, hydroxylamine, and gamma-irradiation do not bleach significant proportions of cells even at concentrations sufficient to kill most of the cells. These results may be due partly to differences in the base compositions of nuclear and chloroplast DNA.

Acridines↗

COMPLEMENT-FIXATION TITERS IN EXPERIMENTAL COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS IN RABBITS.

Brosbe, Edwin A. (Veterans Administration Hospital, Long Beach, Calif.), Jewell N. Kietzman, and Nathaniel B. Kurnick. Complement-fixation titers in experimental coccidioidomycosis. J. Bacteriol. 88:233-241. 1964.-The course of experimental coccicioidomycosis in rabbits was followed with complement-fixation (CF) tests. Uniformity of complement-fixing antibody response to large infective doses was observed, and levels as high as 1:4,096 in the New Zealand albino and 1:16,384 in the Dutch rabbit were attained. Mortality reflected the size of the inoculum rather than the level of CF titer. Animals receiving additional challenges displayed no marked elevation in titer, although high titers persisted. Nitrogen mustard, for the most part, did not influence the CF titer.

Animals↗