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PubMed2001

The dentofacial manifestations of XXXXY syndrome: a case report.

This paper presents a six-year-old patient with XXXXY syndrome, whose oral findings included a cleft soft palate, hyper- or meso-taurodontism in eight primary molars and in the mandibular permanent first molars, five congenitally missing premolars, and delayed development of the permanent tooth germs. The maxillary and mandibular primary central incisors were in a cross-bite relationship. Cephalometric findings showed a short ramus of the mandible and a short maxilla in the anterioposterior plane. The anteroposterior jaw relationship was in harmony. The cross-bite was considered to be due to the retroinclination of the maxillary primary incisors. This case emphasises the importance of regular dental care, and monitoring of facial growth and dental development in children with XXXXY syndrome.

Anodontia↗
PubMed1998

Timing the early treatment of Class II, division 1 malocclusion--clinical and research considerations.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between timing of emergence of the permanent teeth and sagittal occlusal changes in children enrolled in a prospective clinical trial of Class II, division 1 treatment. The children, ages 7.2-13.3 years, met strict inclusion criteria and were assigned at random to treatment with either a headgear or a Fränkel functional appliance. Relationships between maxillary and mandibular first molars and canines, as well as overjet, were measured with digital calipers on casts made every 2 months and mounted on a SAM II articulator. The emergence of a permanent tooth was scored on a scale from 1 to 3, depending on the eruptive level of the tooth from cutting through the gingiva (1) to reaching the occlusal table (3). Specifically, emergence of the second premolars (PM2) and permanent second molars (M2), the most adjacent teeth to the first molars, was evaluated as it interacted with the development of the sagittal occlusion. Treatment of the distocclusion was as effective in late childhood as in mid-childhood. Within each appliance group, the emergence of PM2 and M2 did not affect the amount of progress toward Class I significantly (p > 0.05), indicating that improvement from distocclusion to neutrocclusion with each appliance is not influenced by the timing of emergence of these teeth. Although these findings support a one-phase treatment starting in the late mixed dentition, earlier intervention in mid-childhood may be required in the presence of several developmental conditions, or when the dental and skeletal development deviate significantly in the individual patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dentocraniofacial structure with complete anodontia of permanent teeth: report of case.

Dentocraniofacial structure with ectodermal dysplasia, showing complete anodontia of permanent teeth, was examined. Except for a slight decrease of the sweat pore count, the patient was free of signs of ectodermal dysplasia, other than odontoplasia. Furthermore, her family history had no record of hypodontia or anodontia. We attempted to clarify the role of tooth growth in the dentocraniofacial development. Cephalometric analyses revealed the extreme limitation of the maxillary and vertical growth of the lower face, and a retracted mandibular alveolus front. We concluded that the role of tooth growth was significant in the development of the maxillary and alveolar bone, but not in the development of the mandible.

Anodontia↗
PubMed1990

[Growth dynamics of the four main craniofacial dimensions in relation to orthodontic finding--a longitudinal study].

Analysis of growth dynamics of the four main craniofacial dimensions at the transition point from primary into mixed dentition was performed in order to better determine the effect of individual orthodontic anomalies starting to manifest at that time, on the direction and extent of the alterations observed. A sample consisting of 73 children aged 3.5-5.5 years, free of any overt symptoms of orthodontic anomalies, were re-examined at the age of 6.5-8.5 years and divided into groups according to orthodontic findings then obtained. Mean values (and their differences) of the defined parameters obtained on the first and second measurement were analyzed, both for the sample in total and separately, according to the orthodontic findings in mixed dentition. Based on this data, specific relationships between alterations in each craniofacial dimension and maxillary morphology, specific for particular anomaly, were determined. In the group free of growth dynamics anomalies, both facial and both cranial parameters were almost identical. More or less expressed alterations of a single facial or cranial parameter in dysgnathic subjects may have been related to oral symptoms of the respective anomaly. At the same time, results obtained in the study suggested the size of the four main craniofacial dimensions to differ as early as in primary dentition, and become grouped, depending on the development of future orthodontic anomaly.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1979

[Has the age of patients with bilateral cheilognathoplatoschisis at the time of palatoplasty an influence on maxillary size development?].

The author reports of the biometrical analysis of 91 models obtained from 9--16-year-old patients with bilateral cheilognathopalatoschisis who had undergone pedicle flap operation (without insertion of bone material) at ages 4--6 years. It was found that the time of operation had exerted no effect on the state of development of the maxillae at ages 9--16 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Polynesian mandibles.

Adult Polynesian mandibles are predominantly of the rocker form. Polynesian crania have an open cranial base angle, and a rather large upper facial height in the adult. The mandibular growth rotations necessary for normal occlusion to be maintained in the presence of this cranial morphology lead to development of a particularly small gonial angle. There is an increased 'bowing' of the basal component of the bone. Such 'bowing' leads to a sufficiently posterior displacement of the basal component in the gonial region for the development of a distinct angular process (for muscle attachment) to be unnecessary.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Orthodontic aspects on feeding of young children. 1. A comparison between Swedish and Norwegian-Sami children.

1-18 months old Norwegian-Sami girls from Karasjok/Katokeino were compared with girls from Falköping in Sweden. All Karasjok/Kautokeino children were breastfed, usually until 1 year of age. Only a few developed a dummy- or fingersucking habit. They started eating porridge at 4-5 months of age. At about half a year of age they were fed dark, hard chewing bread to gnaw at. Cut and pulped adult food was introduced during the end of the first year of life. In almost all cases the children had dried reindeer meat to gnaw at. They were mostly fed by spoon and drank from a cup. The Falköping girls, on the other hand, were not so often breastfed and for a shorter time. They usually became dummysuckers. The Falköping girls got almost all their nutrition during the first one or two years by sucking or eating food with little chewing resistance. The differences in sucking and chewing behavior could influence on the transversal development of the jaws.

Bottle Feeding↗
PubMed2001

Parameters of radiologic care: An official report of the American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology.

The American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology developed these Parameters of Care to provide national guidelines for the use of radiographs prescribed for the diagnosis of disease, treatment planning, and follow-up care of patients with abnormalities of the oral and maxillofacial region. The Parameters cover radiographic techniques, imaging of the temporomandibular joint, imaging of diseases of the jaws, and imaging of dental implant sites.

Dental Caries↗
PubMed2000

Position, shape, and dimension of the maxilla in unoperated cleft lip and palate patients: review of the literature.

The inhibition of growth and development resulting from surgical treatment of the cleft lip and palate is a widely discussed topic. Various studies have been conducted in search of answers as to how the untreated upper jaw develops, focusing on individuals with untreated cleft lip and palate as found in so-called Third World countries. This study offers the opportunity to compile literature dealing with the research and description of untreated unilateral cleft lip and palate. The focus was to take a closer look at groups of individuals with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate, who had received no surgical treatment at all, as well as groups who had received surgical treatment of only the cleft lip. The upper jaw of untreated cleft lip and palate patients most often adopts a protruded position without enlarging the maxilla itself. The horizontal dimension tends to be reduced, whereas the vertical dimension is normal. The upper jaw of patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate who received surgical treatment of the lip more often adopted a retruded position. The model analysis showed no clear-cut tendencies. There seemed to be a degree of regional variation. Considering the relatively small number of recruitable individuals with untreated cleft lip and palate, the introduction of a standard method of evaluation is desirable. This would significantly facilitate the comparison of different studies with each other in the future. The first steps in this direction have already been initiated.

Child↗
PubMed1986

Age at death of the Neanderthal child from Devil's Tower, Gibraltar and the implications for studies of general growth and development in Neanderthals.

This study combines traditional methods of assessing dental developmental status based upon modern human standards with new techniques based upon histological observations in order to reassess the age at death of the Gibraltar child from Devil's Tower. The results indicate that the most likely age of this individual at death was 3 years of age. This result is in agreement with an independent assessment of the age of the temporal bone of this specimen (Tillier, AM [1982] Z. Morphol. Anthropol. 73:125-148) and is concordant with dental developmental ages given for modern humans. Moreover, the fact that this specimen appears at the low end of the age scale for calcification stages in modern humans is also supportive of the findings of Legoux (Legoux, P [1970] Arch. Inst. Paleontol. Hum. Mem. 33:53-87) and Wolpoff (Wolpoff, MH [1979] Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 50:67-114) that dental eruption schedules in Neanderthals were also accelerated. If the cranial bones from Devil's Tower are associated with the dental material, as we believe, they indicate a remarkably precocious brain growth in this individual, which is consistent with what is known about general growth and development in Neanderthals.

Age Determination by Teeth↗
PubMed1982

Early maxillary orthopaedics as a supplement to conventional primary surgery in complete cleft lip and palate cases - long-term results.

29 patients with complete uni- or bilateral cleft lip and palate were followed up the age of 15 to 20 years after having undergone early maxillary orthopaedics as a supplement to conventional primary surgery. Longitudinal changes in their facial pattern are demonstrated by means of Enlow's cephalometric analysis. The ultimate sagittal skeletal imbalance is more than 50% of the cases seems to be related to inadequate primary surgery (lip closure before 5 months of age, complete palatal closure before 2 years of age). Evidently, initial facial pattern and functional habits also play an important role. Functional disturbances due to scarring are discussed with a view to their influence on facial development.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Hypoplasia of the middle third of the face -a morphological study.

The aim of this investigation was to examine the morphological characteristics of patients diagnosed as having hypoplasia of the middle of the face. The study group consisted of lateral skull X-rays of 31 patients, aged 8.4-18.1 years, with hypoplasia of the middle third of the face. A control group of 31 patients matched according to age and sex was used. The study group showed the following significant differences: short anterior cranial base, small cranial base angel, reduced sagittal development of the nose, straight profile, retrognathic maxilla, short maxilla, reduced sagittal depth of the nasopharynx and reduced vertical growth of the maxilla. The results indicate a reduction in dimensions of the entire nasal airway which, it is suggested, could have an adverse effect on nasal breathing. In addition, correlation analyses for the mandibular plane angle (ML/NSL) in relation to variables of importance in mode of breathing 1) the sagittal depth of the nasopharynx, and 2) the inclination of the nasal bone, have confirmed earlier studies showing that a change in the mode of breathing can affect the development of the entire craniofacial complex. The clinical aspects of these findings are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

The effect of growth hormone on craniofacial growth and dental maturation in Turner syndrome.

Serial cephalometric and panoramic radiographs from a mixed longitudinal group of 28 subjects with Turner syndrome (TS), age 4.4-19.0 years, were evaluated for annualized growth increments of the craniofacial complex and dental development and were compared with a longitudinal control group from the Burlington growth study. The short and retrognathic face characteristic of the syndrome was due largely to the increased cranial base angle, decreased posterior face height, and decreased mandibular length, all of which were significantly different from the controls. Although increases in statural height occurred in the TS children who were treated with human growth hormone (GH), there was little or no effect on growth of the jaws, particularly in the older subjects, and the characteristic facies of the syndrome persisted. Dental development was advanced in all TS subjects, and GH administration had no effect on the rate of dental development.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Effects of retinoic acid on the development of the facial skeleton in hamsters: early changes involving cranial neural crest cells.

Treatment of gravid hamsters with 60/mg of retinoic acid on the 8th day of pregnancy resulted in facial skeleton defects in 100% of the survivors examined by alizarin staining at term. An investigation of the early stages in the development of these malformations indicated that the teratogen induced delayed and disorganized patterns of cranial neural crest cell migration as well as extensive death and damage of crest cells. The results demonstrate that retinoic acid provides a useful tool for studies in the pathogenesis of facial skeletal abnormalities in vivo. Moreover, the extensive defects seen in the teratogen-treated litters at term, together with the results of the microscopical analyses, support the hypothesis that cranial neural crest cells make an important contribution to the development of the mammalian facial skeleton.

Animals↗