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At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Middle ear pressure following tympanoplasty for various middle ear diseases. Pressure related to follow-up period and retractions.

In 512 ears with various middle ear diseases, the middle ear pressure was measured a minimum of 2 years and a maximum of 10 years after tympanoplasty. The findings were related to the length of the follow-up period and to retractions of the drum and/or in the epitympanum. The tympanometric findings were best in sequelae to otitis with dry perforations, poorest in cholesteatomas and adhesive otitis. Tubal function had not further deteriorated 4 years after the operation. There was a highly significant correlation between the middle ear pressure and the frequency of retractions, which also does not essentially increase--except in the cholesteatoma cases.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1984

Antibiotic treatment of secretory otitis media.

There is increasing evidence for an infectious etiology of secretory otitis media (SOM). Respiratory pathogens (S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, B. catarrhalis and group A streptococci) have been found in cases of long-standing SOM, with a frequency of 18% in the middle ear and 79% in the nasopharynx. Erythromycin has been shown to penetrate into the middle ear effusion of SOM and into adenoid tissue. The concentrations surpassed the MIC's of most respiratory pathogens, with the exception of certain strains of H. influenzae. In agreement with this, a ten day course of erythromycin in children with SOM eradicated practically all nasopharyngeal strains of S. pneumoniae and B. catarrhalis, while there was no significant decrease in the number of strains of H. influenzae. The present study consisted of 119 children with SOM lasting three months or more. One group of 47 consecutive children was treated with erythromycin (Abboticin), given orally twice a day, in a dose of 40-60 mg/kg/24 hours, for ten days. The rate of resolution in this test group was 45% (21/47 cases). Another group of 72 consecutive children with SOM of a similar duration received no antibiotics. The cure rate in this control group was 15% (11/72 cases). The difference between the two groups is statistically significant (chi 2 = 11054; df = 1; p less than 0.001). The results suggest that a ten day course of erythromycin could reduce the need for surgical treatment in children with long-standing SOM.

Child↗
PubMed1988

Tubal function and surgery in chronic otitis media. A study on the predictive value of testing tubal function, Valsalva's manoeuvre and volume of ear spaces.

In 141 ears with central tympanic membrane (TM) perforation preoperative tubal studies as well as volume determination of the air-filled ear spaces was performed. Tubal patency was checked with Valsalva's manoeuvre and pressure equilibration function with Toynbee's test and aspiration-deflation tests respectively. At postoperative control 74.5% of the ears had intact movable TM (healed), 5.7% had intact but immovable or retracted TM and 19.8% had perforation (defect). There was no difference between the healed and defect ears regarding results in aspiration-deflation tests. A positive Valsalva's manoeuvre was significantly more frequent in the healed ears. Ears with a small air-filled volume and negative Valsalva's manoeuvre showed significantly lower healing rate than ears with positive Valsalva's manoeuvre and a large air-filled volume.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Surgical treatment of chronic middle ear disease. III. Revisions after tympanomastoid surgery.

Revision surgery was performed in 185 ears which had earlier undergone a total of 276 tympanomastoid operations. An open cavity had been made in 98, obliteration in 44 and canal wall up surgery in 43 ears. All ears were now operated upon by the open method combined with ear canal reconstruction and mastoid obliteration. Mastoid cholesteatoma was found in 50% of the open cavities and in 63% of intact canal wall ears, while 80% of the obliterated ears showed mastoid retraction pockets with cholesteatoma. Semicircular canal fistulae occurred in all groups, most frequently in open cavities (11%). During the follow-up period after revision (average 5 years) 3% were reoperated upon because of a new cholesteatoma. In the whole series, average hearing levels were slightly better postoperatively and in 34% of the ears the A-B gap was 20 dB at most. The main reason for failure after primary surgery was inadequate mastoid and epitympanic bone work and failure to obliterate the medial parts of the cavity thoroughly.

Cholesteatoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Experimental study of collagen as eardrum graft support in dogs.

This experimental study involving dogs tested type IV human collagen as a biomaterial for use in the tympanic membrane reconstruction. A loss of substance was induced for the two tympanic membranes, and a type IV collagen graft made to one side. The kinetics of receiver fibroblast colonisation of the graft, as well as in the case of resorption, were studied. Anatomopathological examination revealed the process of reconstitution. This animal study prepares the way for studies on man.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Epidemiological analysis of otitis media with effusion in children].

A study was conducted on 153 children with otitis media with effusion to assess risk factors for otitis media with effusion. Information was collected by questionnaire survey, clinical examination and audiological tests including tympanography. We investigated two groups of children with otitis media with effusion. Group 1 consisted of 70 children with otitis media with effusion who had not undergone myringotomy. Group 2 consisted of 83 children with otitis media with effusion who had undergone myringotomy. Bottle feeding and adenoidal hypertrophy occurred more frequently in Group 2 than in Group 1. These observations provide an epidemiologic and clinical basis for further investigations of otitis media with effusion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Experimental studies on the mechanical properties of tympanic membranes after repeated myringotomy or tube insertion].

Although several complications have been reported at present, myringotomy and ventilation tube insertion are frequently used in the treatment of secretory and recurrent otitis media. There have been many studies on histological changes of tympanic membranes (TM) after surgery, however, experimental studies on the mechanical properties of the TM are very few. In animal models, repeated myringotomies were performed on the TM of 39 guinea pigs (Group A), and polyethylene tubes were inserted into the upper anterior quadrants of the TM in 19 guinea pigs (Group B). In Group A two types of incisions, circumferential and radial, were made in the TM. In group B the ventilation tubes were removed after either one week or five weeks. After the final incision or removal of the tubes, structural changes of the TM were examined by otomicroscope once a week for a duration of four weeks. The animals were sacrificed after one week or four weeks and the TM were dissected out, and observed under both light and scanning electron microscopes. A microtesting system was developed to measure the mechanical strength of the TM. This system consists of three components: a microscope, a specimen holder and a force sensor. The specimen was stretched over the hole (500 microm in diameter) of the holder, and was penetrated by a force sensor needle, 130 microns in diameter. The load-displacement curve began ascending when the sensor touched the specimen, and disappeared after breakage. The results were as follows: 1) Repeated myringotomies caused a dramatically thickened TM in not only the operated area, but also the posterior quadrants. The TM in group A were more thickened than those in group B. Tympanosclerosis was observed more frequently in the TM with circumferential incisions as compared to those with radial incisions. Retraction of the TM was observed only in group B. 2) In normal TM, the load-displacement curve showed a linearly ascending curve with some small peaks. The load at breakage was 72.9 mN on average. The load-displacement curve at the thickened area showed a concave ascent without small peaks. The load at breakage ranged from 10 to 660 mN after circumferential incisions, and from 40 to 240 mN after radial incisions. At the tube insertion region, the load at breakage ranged from 53 to 237 mN.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Tympanoplasty.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Deafness↗
PubMed1999

[Pediatric day surgery of the respiratory tract--indications and prioritization].

Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) procedures are the most common types of surgery in children and include adenoidectomy, tonsillectomy, myringotomy, ventilation tube insertion or combinations of these. In order to study disease profile and routines for referral and treatment in outpatient otolaryngologic surgery, data were collected from 178 children operated consecutively during a six-week period in 1998. Median time from referral to surgery was less than four months. The majority of children operated for recurrent acute otitis media, tonsillitis or upper respiratory infections had suffered from the disease for 12 months or less. Obstructive symptoms were registered in 18% of these children. Most patients were referred to the hospital by specialists in otolaryngology or paediatric medicine. Surgery was more common in male than female-children, and median age at the time of surgery was 4.2 years. There was an equal distribution of middle ear and pharyngeal surgery.

Adenoidectomy↗
PubMed2001

[Perilymphatic fistula].

BACKGROUND: Perilymphatic fistula is leakage of perilymph from the inner ear to the middle ear. The perilymph surrounds the endolymphatic system in the inner ear (cochlea and the vestibular apparatus) and is most likely a cerebrospinal fluid filtrate. Leakage can occur through the fenestra vestibuli (the oval window), the fenestra cochleae (the round window), or pathological openings in the otic capsule. The cause of perilymphatic fistula can be trauma (barotrauma, head trauma, whiplash injury, iatrogenic trauma during ear surgery or ear syringing), chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma, congenital malformations or idiopathic. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We present 15 patients operated at Haukeland University Hospital from 1980 to 1997. RESULTS: Symptoms and signs are not very consistent, but dizziness and hearing loss are usual. The fistula test has low sensitivity and specificity, and otomicroscopy is not diagnostic. Imaging techniques with CT and MRI are seldom helpful unless in cases of inner ear abnormalities. Surgical exploration of the middle ear can be diagnostic, but even then it may in some cases be difficult to determine if a perilymphatic fistula is present. INTERPRETATION: The treatment of suspected perilymphatic fistula is primarily bed rest with elevated head, and avoidance of straining to facilitate spontaneous closure of a possible fistula. If the symptoms continue, or get worse, surgical exploration is indicated. The results are good regarding dizziness, but more uncertain as far as hearing improvement is concerned. Hearing improvement seems to be negatively correlated with the length of the delay before the fistula is closed.

Adult↗