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PubMed1984

Animal models of AIDS.

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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Animal models of primary myocardial diseases.

Feline and canine cardiomyopathies (primary myocardial diseases) were reviewed and divided into three groups based on the clinical, hemodynamic, angiocardiographic, and pathologic findings: (1) feline and canine hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, (2) feline and canine congestive (dilated) cardiomyopathy, and (3) feline restrictive cardiomyopathy. All three groups consisted predominantly of mature adult male cats and dogs. Cardiomyopathy in the hamster and turkey was also reviewed. The most common presenting signs were dyspnea and/or thromboembolism in the cat, systolic murmurs with gallop rhythms on auscultation, cardiomegaly with (groups 1 and 3) or without (group 2) pulmonary edema, abnormal electrocardiograms, elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressures, and angiocardiographic evidence of mitral regurgitation with left ventricular concentric hypertrophy (group 1), left ventricular dilatation (group 2), or midventricular stenosis (group 3). Some cats in groups 1 and 3 also had evidence of left ventricular outflow obstruction. The principal pathologic findings in all of the cats and dogs were left atrial dilation, hypertrophy, increased septal:left ventricular free wall thickness ratio with disorganization of cardiac muscle cells (group 1); dilatation of the four chambers with degeneration of cardiac muscle cells (group 2); and extensive endocardial fibrosis and adhesion of the left ventricle (group 3). Aortic thromboembolism was commonly observed in the cats of all three groups. These clinical and pathologic findings indicate that cardiomyopathy in the cat or dog is similar to the three forms of cardiomyopathy in humans (hypertrophic, congestive, and restrictive).

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Immune complex glomerulonephritis in baboons (Papio cynocephalus) with indwelling intravascular catheters.

Baboons with long term, indwelling, intravascular catheters developed clinical signs of renal and hepatic impairment. These included proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia without edema, and albumin to globulin ratios were reversed. Serum IgM, IgG, rheumatoid factor, and liver enzyme concentrations were above normal. Immunofluorescent staining of renal glomerular capillary loops was positive for IgG, IgM, B1c, and C4. Major microscopic lesions were membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, chronic active hepatitis, degenerative arthritis, and chronic sialoadenitis. Electron microscopy of renal glomeruli demonstrated dense deposits in a variety of locations, mesangial cell interpositioning, and foot process fusion. These alterations, found in conjunction with the isolation of Staphylococcus aureus from the blood of affected baboons as well as the intravascular catheters, suggested that chronic bacterial infection was important in the pathogenesis of this disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Pneumatocele in a pig-tailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina).

Radiographic examination of a pig-tailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina) with pneumonia revealed a large pneumatocele. The pneumatocele, a thin-walled, partially fluid filled radiolucent area, occupied approximately one-third of the left thorax. Rapid resolution of the pneumatocele accompanied antimicrobial treatment of the pneumonia and coincided with clinical improvement. Severe pulmonary acariasis was found at postmortem 15 months later.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Perinatal listeric septicemia in a Celebese black ape.

Perinatal listeric septicemia was diagnosed in a still-born Celebese black ape (Macaca niger). The disease was characterized by prominent focal hepatic necrosis and a diffuse, acute, fibrinopurulent placentitis. Small, gram-positive rods were demonstrable in sections of the placenta and in the liver and lungs of the fetus. Listeria monocytogenes 1A was isolated from the liver of the fetus.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Naturally occurring inflammatory arthritis of the spondyloarthropathy variety in Cayo Santiago rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).

OBJECTIVE: The establishment of an animal model is a major priority in the battle to control inflammatory arthritis. Exploration to date has not yet identified a viable model for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), while artificial (e.g., collagen-induced) models do not seem to accurately represent RA. They, at least superficially, resemble human spondyloarthropathy. This study assesses the evidence for a common naturally-occurring spondyloarthropathy in a colony of free-ranging rhesus macaques. METHODS: Skeletal elements of 275 Macaca mulatta of known age and troop affiliation from the Cayo Santiago colony [Caribbean Primate Research Center (CPRC)] were surveyed for the presence of spondyloarthropathy and osteoarthritis. Fisher exact tests established the independence of each pathological condition, age, sex, troop and specific joint. RESULTS: Spondyloarthropathy was evident in 10% of females and 7% of males. In surviving troops, its frequency in 82 animals over 8 years of age was 20%. The skeletal distribution of spondyloarthropathy was independent of troop membership. Osteoarthritis affected 20% of females and 4% of males and was independent of their troop. Significant differences in the frequencies of specific joint involvement were found when the natural model, particularly in the polyarticular subgroup, was compared to the collagen-induced model. CONCLUSIONS: Naturally-occurring spondyloarthropathy afflicts 20% of susceptible-aged individuals in surviving macaque troops at the CPRC. This phenomenon appears to present a unique natural model for the characterization of the genetic, immunological and environmental contributions to this disease, which afflicts 0.5-5% of the human population. This natural model would appear to supplant the need for the collagen-induced large animal model.

Age Distribution↗