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At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Far-forward fracture stabilization: external fixation versus splinting.

With improvements in body armor, soldiers often survive previously fatal injuries but incur devastating extremity trauma. Orthopaedic and general surgeons in forward-deployed areas must be well-versed in the selection and application of both external fixation and splinting devices in order to best preserve life and limb of the wounded. The surgeon must consider tactical environment, injury severity, injury location, available resources, and his or her own level of experience. Advantages to using external fixation in the field include preventing future injury to the traumatized soft-tissue envelope, reducing the risk of infection, minimizing fracture hemorrhage, providing pain control, and facilitating medical evacuation. Splinting is reserved for closed, low-energy, stable fractures of either the upper or lower extremity and for unstable fractures that are not amenable to battlefield external fixation; because of the risks of compartment syndrome, casts are avoided.

Fracture Fixation↗
PubMed2006

Conversion from temporary external fixation to definitive fixation: shaft fractures.

Temporary external fixation is the most common method of initial stabilization of diaphyseal fractures in forward surgical hospitals. Once the patient arrives at a stable environment, usually the United States, the fracture is managed with intramedullary nailing, small-pin external fixation, or a modified external fixator. Future research should be directed toward improving methods of care. It is not precisely known when is the best time to convert to definitive fixation without increasing the risk of infection. The risk factors leading to infection and nonunion are not well-established, making that determination even more difficult. Clinical studies of a suitable size should provide insight into these problems. Although temporary external fixation is commonly used, an optimal construct has not been determined. Data from studies of in vivo fracture-site motion after application of the temporary external fixator should be compared with biomechanical testing of similar constructs. These data could be used to recommend optimal temporary external fixation constructs of tibia, femur, and humerus fractures using currently available devices as well as to provide groundwork for the next generation of fixators.

External Fixators↗
PubMed2006

Blast and penetrating fragment injuries to the extremities.

Blast injury to the extremities is the most common form of injury in recent military campaigns and in civilian terror attacks. Most orthopaedic trauma is caused by the secondary effect of blast--penetrating fragment injury. Timely wound débridement and excision of contaminated or avascular tissue, along with prevention of sepsis, are crucial to managing extremity injury. Late reconstruction and functional results are very challenging for the surgical team to achieve.

Blast Injuries↗
PubMed2006

Heterotopic ossification in the residual limbs of traumatic and combat-related amputees.

Reports on the occurrence and treatment of heterotopic ossification in amputees are rare. Heterotopic ossification in the residual limbs of amputees may cause pain and skin breakdown and complicate or prevent optimal prosthetic fitting and utilization. Basic science research has shed light on the cellular and molecular basis for this disease process, but many questions remain unanswered. The recent experience of the military amputee centers with traumatic and combat-related amputations has demonstrated a surprisingly high prevalence of heterotopic ossification in residual limbs. Primary prophylactic regimens, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and local irradiation, which have proved to be effective in preventing and limiting heterotopic ossification in other patient populations, have not been studied in amputees and generally are not feasible in the setting of acute traumatic amputation. When nonsurgical measures such as activity and repeated prosthetic modifications fail to provide relief, surgical excision has provided good early clinical results, with low rates of recurrence and acceptable complication rates in military amputees.

Amputation Stumps↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Biomechanical evaluation of dancers and assessment of their risk of injury.

Professional dancers have a 90% risk of injury during their career. The lower extremity is involved in approximately 75% of the injuries sustained by dancers. Proper biomechanical evaluation, risk assessment, and prevention-oriented treatment are necessary to minimize future problems and promote a full and lasting recovery when an injury is sustained. This article outlines the in-office evaluation process and discusses backstage care.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1993

Walking and hiking injuries. A one year follow-up study.

Injury patterns associated with walking and hiking activities were examined for all patients presenting to the clinic over a 1-year period. Among the patient group, the authors found that most injuries were unilateral, resulting from overuse, and occurred in the lower extremity, particularly in the foot, ankle, and knee. There are limited studies investigating walking and hiking injury rates in the general population. The results can be applied only to a small specific sample of the population.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Microsurgical repair of defects of soft tissue and infected wounds of extremities].

A study was carried out to observe the application of microsurgical technique in the repair defects of soft tissue and infected wounds of extremities. Eighty-three patients with soft tissue defects and infected wounds of extremities were treated by either transferring of vascularized cutaneous flap or transplantation of myocutaneous flap with vascular anastomosis. The result showed that eighty-three patients had gained success after a follow-up of 6 months to 4 years. It was concluded that soft tissue defects and infected wounds of extremities should be repaired as early as possible. Selecting the donor flap near the recipient site was of first choice. The method used for repair should be simple and easily applicable rather these very complicated one. The success depended on the correct treatment of local conditions, resonable design of donor flap and close monitoring after operation.

Adolescent↗