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PubMedDate not supplied

Concordance on the recording of cancer in the Saskatchewan Cancer Agency Registry, hospital charts and death registrations.

Accurate and complete registries are an important source of knowledge about cancer. The concordance of the recording of neoplasms in the Saskatchewan cancer registry with that in hospital charts and death registrations was evaluated for 368 patients. The agreement between registry and hospital charts or death registrations was excellent (kappa: 0.93; 95% confidence interval: 0.89, 0.97), with 91.3% of those with cancer having the same neoplasm recorded in their chart or death registration as in the registry. There was only one patient whose hospital chart indicated cancer who was not in the registry and one apparent major discrepancy relating to the cancer site, which was due to the recording of the primary site in the registry and a secondary in the hospital chart. Although based on a relatively small number of patients, these results suggest a high degree of consistency between cancer registry, hospital charts and death registrations in Saskatchewan.

Death Certificates↗
PubMed1997

[Diseases of the pericardium in Avenzoar's Kitab al-Taysir (c.1095-1162)].

Avenzoar has been credited as the author of the first description of inflammation of the pericardium in medical historical literature. Our study shows that although Avenzoar authored a study of diseases of the pericardium with emphasis on pathologies, his epistemological framework was similar to that used by Galen and Avicenna, authors who constituted the source of knowledge for Islamic medicine. We show that the approach used by Avenzoar appears to derive from the absence of anatomical and physiological information, and from a detailed description of the indications and treatments, which distinguish his work from earlier writings.

Arab World↗
PubMed1997

[A brief philatelic evocation of Louis Pasteur and of his disciples].

Philately is an important source of knowledge on numerous items. Evocation of Louis Pasteur's as well as his disciples life and works throughout stamp collection is a perfect example of this. Born in Dôle in 1822, he spent his youth in Arbois. It is at the Ecole normale supérieure that he performed his work on cristals which led him to establish molecular dissymetry principles. Later, he studied of the fermentation process, he searched the reason of wines' disease and the means to prevent it (i.e. pasteurisation), he solved the problem of the silkworm disease and discovered agents of numerous infectious diseases. He demonstrated scientifically the vaccination principle. In 1885 he tried with success the first human antirabic vaccination. Three years later, the Pasteur Institute was inaugurated. After his death, his works survived in numerous institutes all over the world. Many pasteurians received the Nobel Prize.

France↗
PubMed1995

[The work of Hernandez and its repercussions in the natural sciences].

The most important source of knowledge and diffusion of the great American work from Hernández, was carried out starting from the selection and summary produced by the Napolitan physician Nardo Antonio Recchi. Starting from his manuscript they published the Rerum Medicarum Novai Hispaniae Thesaurus (Rome 1651), piece prepared by the Accademia dei Lincei, and the four Books of Nature (Mexico, 1615), carried out by Brother Francisco Ximénez with the intention--intention that also had Recchi--of having a practical handbook of medicine utilizing the American products. This paper treats, essentially, of those works.

Americas↗
PubMed1998

[Not Available].

It is the aim of the present dissertation to analyze the cultural and pharmaceutical history of the medicinal plant Ruta graveolens L. (rue) beginning in antiquity until the invention of letter-press printing (see Kap. 1). In contrast to other historical works which emphasize descriptive aspects or the transmission of the sources, an analysis of the content of the sources within their contemporaneous context was attempted here. The sources come from different scientific fields and were collected in numerous European and American (USA) libraries (See Kap. 1.4.2.1). In order to evaluate the medicinal uses of the plant as mentioned in the sources, basic knowledge in pharmaceutical botany is necessary. This qualification makes it possible to correlate the traditional indications of ruta with the current knowledge on the constituents of the plant. 1. Dioskurides' Materia medica presents a chapter on rue. The properties of ruta mentioned there can in part be explained by pharmacologically tested constituents (see Kap. 2). 2. Knowledge on rue was passed on to the middle ages by "Rezeptarien", "Antidotarien", and a latinized Dioskurides. Monasteries become important in medicine (see Kap. 3). 3. Garden history demonstrates that rue was actually cultivated and used for healing, seasoning, coloring, and magic (see Kap. 4). 4. Rue became part of the practically oriented textbooks of the Medical School of Salerno (10th-13th century). Thus, the plant is mentioned (see Kap. 5) and illustrated (see Kap. 6.1-6.3) in mnuscripts of this time period. These manuscripts are the predecessors of the modern pharmacopoeia, drug monograph and popular literature on health. 5. Rue is rarely shown in arts. The interpretation of illustrations of rue depends on some of its uses as a medicinal plant (antidote, eye medication, protection from evil; see Kap. 6.4). These results expand our image of ruta. We have shown here, that questions that lie in the fields of both humanities and natural sciences can be well addressed with an interdisciplinary approach.

Botany↗
PubMed2001

Evaluating UMLS strings for natural language processing.

The National Library of Medicine's Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) is a rich source of knowledge in the biomedical domain. The UMLS is used for research and development in a range of different applications, including natural language processing (NLP). In this paper we investigate the nature of the strings found in the UMLS Metathesaurus and evaluate them for their usefulness in NLP. We begin by identifying a number of properties that might allow us to predict the likelihood of a given string being found or not found in a corpus. We use a statistical model to test these predictors against our corpus, which is derived from the MEDLINE database. For one set of properties the model correctly predicted 77% of the strings that do not belong to the corpus, and 85% of the strings that do belong to the corpus. For another set of properties the model correctly predicted 96% of the strings that do not belong to the corpus and 29% of the strings that do belong to the corpus.

MEDLINE↗
PubMed2001

[Tuberculosis among immigrants in Scandinavian medical journals].

BACKGROUND: The decline in incidence of tuberculosis in Scandinavia has stagnated in the last decades because of a growing number of immigrants from high incidence countries. The aim of this study was to find out what has been published on tuberculosis among immigrants in Denmark, Norway and Sweden in the main medical journals in these countries from 1995 to 2000. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 23 papers on the topic were identified through PubMed searches. Eight papers were selected for a more detailed description of their content. RESULTS: The main medical journals in Denmark, Norway and Sweden have published papers on epidemiological aspects and clinical traits as well as the challenge for the health services of controlling tuberculosis in immigrants. The majority of patients are under the age of 40 and of African origin. They seldom infect the population of the host country. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis is relatively common. Control on arrival could be improved in all three countries. Considerable doctor's and patient's delay is not uncommon. INTERPRETATION: Medical journals are an important source for knowledge on tuberculosis among immigrants from high incidence countries.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Average number of living children of the members of parliament].

"This study compares the average number of living children of the members of the parliament [in Turkey] with the average number of living children of the general public as found in the 1988 Population and Health Survey. The findings indicate that the average number of living children of the members of the parliament [is] substantially lower than that of the general public. Under the light of these findings the members of the parliament are invited not to refrain from speeches promoting family planning in Turkey." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Asia↗