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At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Quality assurance in anatomic pathology. An information system approach.

Quality assurance (QA) is the outcome-oriented process by which the performance of a complex production operation is evaluated. It is strongly focused on the use of resources and the end product, and is closely related to marketing. The pathologist's product is information, and the practice of anatomic pathology is evaluated as a system for producing and effectively communicating information. Our integrated program for QA in surgical pathology, autopsy pathology, and cytopathology recognizes that several discrete elements make up the sequence leading to communication of the diagnostic opinion. These are control and processing of the specimen, accuracy of diagnosis, timely and clear communication, efficiency in production of information, coherence with institutional programs in QA, and relation to licensing and accreditation agencies. Each of these elements may be tested separately and sources of error reduced so that the validity and cost of the pathologist's prediction will ultimately be limited only by the state of the art and not by any failure of the information system. Several components of QA, especially resource utilization by pathologists, are potentially productive areas for operations research.

Clinical Laboratory Information Systems↗
PubMed1990

Trends in the delivery of mental health services for children and adolescents.

Current systems for delivery of mental health services to children and adolescents are woefully inefficient, inadequate, and fragmented. The author briefly reviews specific deficits and then discusses eight aspects of an integrated program that will provide easy access to appropriate mental health care for all children who need it with a minimum of stress on their families.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Developing a regional psychiatric rehabilitation service.

The development of a Regional Psychiatric Rehabilitation Service at Brockville, serving 900 thousand people in Eastern Ontario is described. Eight ward units supported the development of innovative rehabilitation programs integrated into an overall service which draws upon all prominent methods and schools. The organizational changes required to accommodate these developments and the new treatment philosophies are described. Case studies are used to illustrate the adaptation and operationalization of some of the principal methods. Their effectiveness in altering longstanding patterns of hospitalization and in moving the rehabilitation focus into the community is demonstrated.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Results of systematic screening of women in the village of Stepanovićevo].

In the framework of the "Integrated program for the prevention and control of uncommunicable diseases (CINDI) which has been launched in the collaboration with the World Health Organization at the Health Centre "Novi Sad", a total of 400 women aged 16-60 have been comprised by the mass screening in the village of Stepanovićevo with 2083 inhabitants who are mainly agricultural workers out of whom women account for 48.41%. This paper is aimed at gaining an insight into the kind and frequency of individual gynecologic diseases and circumstances which influence the psychophysical state of the woman, her working and reproductive capability in the rural environment, the parity, number of abortions, the use of contraceptive devices and the differences in morbidity between the village of Stepanovićevo and the city of Novi Sad. According to the results obtained it is pointed out that the percent of women affected by the following diseases has been considerably increased: pathologic changes on the cervix uteri, inflammatory diseases on adnexes, myoma uteri and benign changes in the breast. This high percent could be explained by the absence of the gynecologic service in the village of Stepanovićevo and women's ignorance of health culture for temporary check-ups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Quality assurance in residences for people with a disability.

OBJECTIVE: To review the quality of service in 7 residences for people with a disability administered by the NSW Department of Health in the New England Region. METHOD: Evaluation of each residence by an evaluation team using an evaluation package incorporating three approaches to assessment: process measures, goal-oriented outcome measures, and interviews or questionnaires. RESULTS: This comprehensive review of the 7 residences showed that high standards had been set throughout the New England Region and that the evaluation package was a powerful tool for staff keen to improve the lifestyle of people with a disability. Some of the notable changes made as a direct result of the evaluation included additional staff for recreation and leisure; more flexible administrative control from local hospitals; increased staff consistency in home routine training; and increased community integration programming.

Persons with Disabilities↗
PubMed1988

Preventive health for school-age children in a developing country: Brazil.

The vast territorial expanse of Brazil and the great discrepancies of socioeconomic conditions, varying with the geoeconomic area considered, make health education for school-age children (7-14 years) difficult. Besides the shortage of classrooms, there is also a high level of school failure and school evasion in elementary school, especially in the North-East, the poorest region of the country. Of the enrolled children in the 1st grade, less than 20% go through to the 8th grade. School evasion reaches its maximum (44-46%) at the 1st and the 2nd grade levels Despite the 'health integration' programs established by the Government and the building of several thousands of classrooms and countless health units in the last 3-4 years, the provision of preventive health measures and preventive health education for schoolchildren is still far from satisfactory.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Automation of dideoxynucleotide DNA sequencing reactions using a robotic workstation.

We report here a system for automation of the dideoxynucleotide DNA sequencing method. The system consists of a Beckman Biomek 1000 robotic workstation which has been modified by the addition of a thin heater/cooler block directly on the instrument table. The heater/cooler block, which is regulated by a user-specified program integrated into the Biomek software, facilitates the use of both single- and double-stranded DNA sequencing procedures. Using this system, we are able to perform 24 sets of dideoxynucleotide DNA sequencing reactions in approximately 45 min. The reactions are performed in 96-well microtiter plates, using a prepared reagent pack which includes primer, enzyme, nucleotide mixes and radioactive label. Using standard gel electrophoresis technology, we are able to resolve over 500 nucleotides per sequencing reaction in about 5 h. Currently, we are able to perform three runs of 24 samples each, with subsequent gel analysis per 8-h period. Excluding autoradiography, this represents a daily data output of 36,000 base pairs.

DNA↗
PubMed1987

[Physicians' knowledge on the questions of primary prevention of cardiovascular and other chronic noninfectious diseases].

The attitude of physicians to the problems of primary prevention, their knowledge of general risk factors (RF) of chronic noncommunicable diseases (CNCD) and the presence of RF among physicians were studied using the questionnaire method. Altogether 275 physicians from 5 rural areas were interviewed within the framework of the Integrated Program on CNCD Prevention in the Lithuanian SSR, i. e. 74.5% of the total number of physicians. Half of them took a positive attitude to primary preventive measures of CNCD. Therapeutists were better aware of risk factors and the criteria of their assessment as compared to physicians of the other specialities. The assessment of RF levels among physicians (filling in questionnaire forms) showed that 29.6% of men and 2.4% of women were regular smokers, 7.3% of women and 4.6% of men had excess body mass (a body mass index exceeding 30 kg/m2). A high prevalence of smoking among male physicians pointed out a necessity of preventive measures among them.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Selection of hemodialysis versus cadaveric transplantation.

The records of 272 recipients of cadaver allografts and of 650 dialyzed patients (440 center dialysis and 210 home dialysis) were reviewed in an attempt to determine whether hemodialysis or transplantation is the best treatment for end-stage renal failure. Home dialysis patient survival is slightly better than that of cadaver kidney recipients and far better than center dialysis patient survival. When considering the quality of life assumed by the degree of social and professional rehabilitation, cadaver kidney transplantation appears the optimal choice. Finally, the life expectancy of a patient is higher if he embarks upon an integrated program where hemodialysis is a complementary adjunct to cadaver kidney transplantation.

Cadaver↗
PubMed1985

[Attitude to health problems of men and women participating in prophylactic research].

An attitude to prophylaxis, health, physicians and harmful habits was studied in the random sample of 7836 males and females aged 25 to 69 in Kaunas within the integrated program of prophylaxis of chronic noncommunicable diseases. Women, as opposed to men, showed a tendency to a less optimistic assessment of general prophylactic measures and more often pointed to insufficient care of their health. Women take a more positive attitude to the necessity of changes in their diet and raising physical activity to protect health. It was concluded that while developing and conducting measures aimed at the prevention of chronic noncommunicable diseases one should take into consideration the peculiarities of the way of life in men and women and differences in their attitude to health problems.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Macro-intervention to support health behavior: some theoretical perspectives and practical reflections.

Large-scale, integrated programs--as distinct from multiple and widespread replications of small-scale programs--require for their planning, implementation and evaluation a qualitatively different set of concepts, methods, and procedures. They are not merely the sum of the parts making up numerous applications of the same health education messages and objectives in various organizations or communities. This review of theory, research and the experience of national and community-based studies in mass media and community development for health, family planning and cardiovascular risk reduction identifies some distinctions between micro- and macrointerventions, as well as between the uses of mass media in commercial marketing and those in health promotion.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1983

Management of the stiff hand: a practical approach.

Postoperative management of hand trauma is as critical in restoring function as the surgery itself. An integrated program emphasizing edema and pain control, patient education, good positioning, appropriate exercises and splinting, and the use of the hand in functional activities must be designed for each patient individually. In this way, the patient can participate in his or her own rehabilitation.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Excerpts from family-centered care for children needing specialized health and developmental services.

In 1994, Family-Centered Care for Children Needing Specialized Health and Developmental Services was published. This monograph is the third revision of the 1987 landmark publication titled Family-Centered Care for Children with Special Health Care Needs. The revision incorporates several changes: the key elements of family-centered care are reworded for clarity; the order in which the elements are presented is changed to better illustrate their inter-relationships; new understandings about family-centered care are integrated; program examples are updated; and research findings are incorporated. The revised key elements of family-centered care are listed and described here in material excerpted from the 1994 monograph.

Child↗
PubMed1993

An integrative perspective on work-site health promotion.

The present paper argues that health promotion efforts, particularly those directed to resistant and high-risk workers, should be integrated into a corporate health strategy in which equal concern is expressed for individual lifestyle modification and the provision of safe and healthful working conditions. The current popularity of work-site health promotion is discussed, and the health promotion and occupational safety and health movements are compared and contrasted. Following this, ecologic models of health promotion are examined as a vehicle for addressing environmental and organizational influences, and this line of thinking is expanded into an integrative model of worker health. The proposed model features three interactive systems: (1) job demands and worker characteristics, (2) work environment, and (3) extraorganizational influences, and assigns an expanded role to environmental factors in promoting and protecting worker health. The principal goal of integrative programming is to devise complementary behavioral and environmental interventions that will have mutually reinforcing effects on workplace health problems. The remainder of the paper outlines the three phases of implementing such a program.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The impact of the Healthcom mass media campaign on timely initiation of breastfeeding in Jordan.

Initiation of breastfeeding within several hours after a child's birth increases the likelihood of exclusive breastfeeding and longer duration of breastfeeding. However, common beliefs among mothers and health-care providers and routine hospital practices can constrain timely breastfeeding initiation. This article examines the impact of a mass media breastfeeding campaign in Jordan within the context of other activities occurring during and after the child's birth. The campaign had a positive impact on all mothers' knowledge, and on timely initiation of breastfeeding for home and public hospital deliveries, but not for those in private hospitals. The findings indicate that a communication campaign can bring about change in breastfeeding initiation behavior, but that providing mothers with information should be but one part of an integrated program to ensure that hospital and midwife policies and practices support timely initiation.

Adult↗