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PubMed2004

[Pedophile, who are you? A study of pedophilia in the press].

This paper define the characteristics of pedophilia as it appears in the Brazilian newspaper Folha de São Paulo, including both the characteristics of the pedophile and the reasons given for such behavior. The research employs a technique called analysis by opposition which means that news coverage on other forms of sexual violence against children (sexual abuse, child pornography, rape, and incest) is used to help shed light on the characteristics of pedophilia itself. Some 384 articles were analyzed, of which 114 referred to pedophilia, all published between 1994 and 1999. News on sexual abuse of children was biased by concepts of class and violence/illness, reiterating the lay view that violence can be either a result of barbarianism and poverty or of psychological disorder, both depending on the aggressor's social class. The theoretical perspective adopted, that there is a correlation between media and reality, indicates that this bias is shared by Brazilian society as a whole.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

The 'anatomy' of female child sexual abuse: who does what to young girls?

OBJECTIVE: This paper aims to describe the characteristics of sexually abusive acts experienced by female children in order to identify those perpetrators who inflict intrusive and repeated child sexual abuse (CSA). METHOD: Data were collected from a random New Zealand sample of women aged 18 to 65 years who reported CSA, and a similar number of non-abused comparison women. Information on the perpetrator, the type of CSA, and perpetrator strategies were cross-tabulated. RESULTS: The perpetrators were usually young men, well known to the victim or her family. Greater CSA intrusiveness was statistically associated with greater CSA frequency. Father/stepfather abusers were most likely to perpetrate intrusive and frequent CSA. However, family associates and non-paternal relatives were numerically more often reported as perpetrators than fathers/stepfathers. Stranger-perpetrators featured infrequently. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the most frequent and invasive CSA comes from someone well known to the child, particularly a family member or trusted friend. A focus by the courts or health professionals on either incest only (i.e. CSA between biological relatives) or 'stranger danger' will overlook the large categories of CSA perpetrated by secondary relative and family friend abusers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Mixed psychosocial outcomes of sisters from families with alcoholic parents.

To examine intrafamilial differences in adulthood among children of alcoholic parents, 14 women with alcoholic parents and their sisters were assessed for this exploratory study. Reported here is the subset of eight "mixed" sister pairs, one with an impaired adult outcome and the other with a well-adjusted adult outcome. Subjects who scored significantly worse than community norms on depressed mood or social supports or who had a psychiatric diagnosis including substance abuse were categorized as impaired, while the remaining women were categorized as well-adjusted. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected using a questionnaire and a structured interview. Results showed similarities between the impaired and well-adjusted sisters on individual characteristics, with few differences on characteristics of the parental alcoholism. The most marked differences showed the impaired sisters to score worse than their well-adjusted sisters on characteristics of the home environment and social supports. The impaired women were also more likely to have been physically abused in childhood and to rate the effect of having an alcoholic parent as more negative than the well-adjusted women. Unanticipated findings relating to incest, talents, denial, and racial differences, and their implications for clinicians and researchers, are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Symptoms of female survivors of child sexual abuse.

Women who suffered sexual abuse as children often experience a variety of physical and psychosocial symptoms as adults. Identifying this pattern of symptoms might assist health professionals in recognizing and treating nonreporting survivors of child sexual abuse. In this study, the Adult Survivors of Incest (ASI) Questionnaire (Brown & Garrison, 1990) was used to determine the symptoms and contributing factors for 22 adult survivors of child sexual abuse. Six physical symptoms were experienced by 50% of the subjects, and over 75% of the subjects experienced 11 psychosocial symptoms. The number of physical symptoms correlated significantly with other victimizations (r = .59) and number of psychosocial symptoms (r = .56). The findings suggest that the ASI Questionnaire was effective in identifying patterns of symptoms and contributing factors of adult survivors of child abuse. Additional study is needed to determine the usefulness of this questionnaire in identifying nonreporting survivors in clinical situations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

What women talk about. Sexuality issues of chemically dependent women.

1. In group discussions on sexuality, the topics discussed most often by recovering chemically dependent women were incest and sexual child abuse; rape; sex while sober; values regarding sex; battering; women's health concerns; and coping strategies. 2. Addressing sexuality in an unstructured format allows the women time to deal with these issues as they are able, since strong emotions are evoked. 3. The group leader needs to be knowledgeable about sexuality and be comfortable with explicit sexual and abuse talk.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1976

[A clinical and cytogenetic investigation carried out in a special institution for mentally retarded patients: preliminary results concerning 82 cases of oligophrenia (author's transl)].

A clinical and cytogenetic investigation carried out in a special institution for mentally retarded patients revealed 82 cases of oligophrenia, amongst whom were found 56 normal karyotypes (68.3%). Out of 25 karyotypes with chromosome anomalies or variants there were 18 cases of trisomy 21 and 7 others: one case of mosaicism with balanced translocation, 46,XX/46,XX,6p+,17q-; one case of partial trisomy, 46,XX,11q+; one case of pericentric inversion, 46,XY,inv(1) (p13,q21); one case with 8% chromosome breaks; three cases of marker chromosomes, of which one was of karyotype 46,XX,1qh+, and two (oligophrenic sisters) 46,XX,21p+. Moreover, there was an interesting case of testicular feminisation in a 9-year-old girl with karyotype 46,XY. The authors' results corroborate those obtained in several important previous studies based on much larger numbers of patients. Amongst the 56 cases where the karyotype was shown to be normal, there were 15 for whom a probably exogenic cause of the oligophrenia could be established, occurring mainly during the perinatal period. The authors were also able to confirm that the genetic factor plays an important role in the incidence of mental retardation, since in 22 examined patients, i.e. 26.8% of all cases, the condition was of familial type. Some interesting observations of idiopathic oligophrenia are reported, as well as several cases with well-known syndromes (Crouzon's and Cornelia de Lange's syndromes, hypothyroidism). Two cases of incest between father and daughter, which had produced children with serious oligophrenia associated, in one case, with deaf-mutism, microphthalmia, microcephaly and sclerocornea, are also discussed. The data show that mental retardation can frequently have a genetic cause, either of mendelian, chromosomal or multifactorial origin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Inscribed in the body].

BACKGROUND: Accumulated general practice experience from numerous encounters with sexually victimized persons motivated this study of childhood sexual abuse with regard to its longterm impact on life and health. THEORY, METHODS, AND MATERIAL: Phenomenology is its theoretical frame of references, and its methodological tools are hermeneutics, 34 adult users of two Norwegian incest centres consented to being interviewed in depth about their encounters with the health care system. The audiotaped interviews were transcribed verbatim. Relevant medical records filled out 16 of the interviews. Likewise, extensive field notes from interview setting were collected. RESULTS: The experiences linked to violation, illness and treatment clustered around seven phenomena present in every interview in at least one modality. These were termed sensory imprints, confused judgements, maladaptive adaptations, strained relationships, recognized memories, unheard messages, and reactivated experiences. INTERPRETATION: The impact of childhood sexual abuse was shown to transgress linear time, cause-effect relationship, categorical distinction and individuality. Since these four central preconditions for a correct medical judgement were not provided, harmful, though presumably correct, medical treatment was a frequent result. Consequently, the abused persons were revictimized in medical contexts when asking for help for sickness in the wake of socially silenced sexual violation.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1975

[The female sexual delinquent].

Among 371 adult sexual delinquents, there were only 14 women. From a total of 16 female sexual delinquents, 9 were feeble-minded, 4 mentally disabled, 3 were physically disabled, and almost all were uneducated and solitary people. The personality was distinguished by emotional disturbances, unsteadiness, impulsiveness, and often anti-social behaviour. Only in the cases of incest between brother and sister were cases of inhibited female character discovered. Among others, 3 cases of sexual crimes against children, and one case of probable fetishism are presented. Traditional moral inhibitions, passivity and an extensive lack of aggressiveness in the sexual behavior of woman, together with a stronger mental link between eroticism and sexuality than with the male, are seen as the main causes for the low figure of female sexual delinquents.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Fischer v. Pennsylvania Department of Public Welfare, 31 May 1988.

The plaintiffs sought a preliminary injunction against enforcement of a Pennsylvania statute that provides that public funds will not be available for abortions in cases of rape and incest unless such events are properly reported before the time an abortion is sought. The Court denied the request. It held that, since there was no constitutional right to federal or state funds for abortions and the provisions served the valid purpose of assisting in the apprehension of perpetrators of crime, its requirements appeared to outweigh a woman's privacy rights so that a preliminary injunction was not warranted. On 13 October 1988, the Commonwealth Court rejected a challenge by state legislators to the procedure by which the same statute had been enacted. See Ritter vs. Pennsylvania, 548 A.2d 1317.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1963

ACUTE CATATONIC REACTION OF ADOLESCENCE.

In a study of 21 cases of catatonic schizophrenic reaction of adolescence, sexual conflict situations and stern religious orientation of the family were noted in most cases. Incest was a factor in four of the female patients and masturbatory guilt was a prominent reaction in the remainder. Sex education was mostly misinformation and threats of dire consequences for sexual activity. Fourteen of the cases involved broken homes for significant periods of childhood or adolescence. It was hypothesized that sexual conflict situations grew out of incompatible socio-cultural attitudes and normal adolescent psychological and physiological drives. We formulated the "defined body contact" technique as a means of facilitating the reversal of the catatonic behavior, which we saw as the primary device whereby the patient limited physical contacts. The contacts we used in this technique were defined explicitly and implicitly as non-sexual.The catatonic symptoms remitted in days to several weeks in 13 of the cases. Seven patients required electroshock therapy. Twenty of the 21 patients returned to their homes or to non-institutional residences. The length of hospitalization was materially influenced by the degree of readiness of the outside environment to accept the returnee.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Sexual child abuse: definition, prevalence and sequelae].

This review focuses on two aspects of research on sexual child abuse during the last ten years, namely prevalence and long-term effects. Differing results for prevalence (6-62% for female subjects) have been found depending on the concept of sexual child abuse (incest vs. extra-familial child sexual abuse, child sexual abuse with or without physical contact, child sexual abuse with or without violence and sexual actions between adults and children) and depending on the method, and features of the subject. Long-term effects are complex (affective, somatic, eating and sleeping disorders, dissociations, disorders in interpersonal relationships, problems in sexuality and social functioning). The main syndrome seems to be a pattern of affective disorders.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Identification of blood stains and fetal tissue using genetic fingerprinting].

Two cases from practical forensic serological investigations which could not be clarified by means of conventional serological methods, but could be resolved on the basis of the DNA finger print technique with oligonucleotide probes are presented. Both the comparison of the identity of the blood sample which had been stored for a long time and the determination of paternity in fetal material in a case of incest demonstrate the enormous possibilities of this method. However, some problems which still have not been resolved at least at present with regard to the evaluation and appraisal of the band patterns are also discussed.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1990

[Sex abuse within the family].

In the last years great attention was paid to the wide occurrence of sexual abuse in families. Some results about frequency, distribution of age and peaks of denouncement as well as some special kinds of incest are summarized with regard to sexual molestation of children. Referring to a case report, typical difficulties of revealing sexual abuse, some characteristics of family dynamics and transgenerational aspects of incestuous families and consequences of sexual molestation in later life are reported. Finally, some aspects in the therapeutic proceeding for overcoming the incestuous experience are considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Treating the patient who has been sexually exploited by a previous therapist.

Patients who have experienced sexual exploitation by a previous therapist constitute an increasingly recognized clinical population. Although some of these patients were transiently overwhelmed or mildly disturbed when exploited, the majority were severely symptomatic and the victims of incest or other previous abuse. Many demonstrate a constellation of four factors that predisposes them to revictimization or the sitting duck syndrome: severe symptoms, idiosyncratic dynamics, atypical socialization that discourages self-care, and cognitive difficulties. The experience of such exploitation is not benign, although the sequelae vary considerably. The treatment of such patients is facilitated by arranging the therapy in a way that maximizes safety and clear communication. The importance of hearing the patient' own reconstructions, pacing the treatment to the patient's tolerance, and respecting the patient's agenda cannot be overemphasized. A cluster of issues that appear central to the treatment of such patients includes addressing their helplessness, their ambivalence about the exploitive therapist, their difficulties with trust, their guilt, their depression and pressures toward self-harm, their confusion over sexuality, their post-traumatic and dissociative features, their severe symptoms and the diagnostic confusion this involves, and the countertransference pressures upon the therapist.

Ethics, Medical↗
PubMed1988

Sexual abuse of children--a hospital-based study.

Eighty-eight cases of suspected sexual abuse of a child were investigated at Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital during 1985. Twenty cases of rape, 15 of incest and 7 of sexual interference were confirmed; but 47% of cases remained unconfirmed. All social strata were affected and victims ranged from 10 months to 13 years in age. An increase in the numbers of victims seen is ascribed to the vigilance of a child abuse team. Implementation of the Child Care Act No. 74 of 1983, which makes notification of suspected abuse compulsory, will inundate social welfare agencies with cases for investigation. Community-based studies of child abuse are needed to plan necessary expansion of staff.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Sophocles' Oedipus. Another reading].

Freud long hesitated on how to understand Sophocle's Oedipus--whether that tragedy was caused by Fate, or whether it was all about a sexual rivalry between the father and the son about the mother, he finally chose the latter interpretation. The clinical facts and scientific observations here related undoubtedly show--not man's longing, but his violent--almost instinctive--repulsion for incest--thus explaining the dramatic intensity of the play. The Freudian explanation must therefore be abandoned and the meaning of Sophocle's drama--unquestionably of the highest importance for the understanding of the dynamic situation involving Father, Mother and Child--must be sought elsewhere. Its philosophical value is nonetheless important and a testimony since ancient times and among very different peoples, of man's anguished and tragic quest for a Moral Law.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Pedophile types and treatment perspectives.

Pedophiles constitute a heterogeneous group of sex offenders. Direct physiological assessment of sexual arousal has significantly increased our diagnostic skill and capability of monitoring treatment response. Erectile response studies have indicated that the majority of pedophiles and incest offenders show arousal to other paraphilias and frequently to appropriate adult sexual stimuli. Many sexual offenders deny or minimize their problem during initial interviews, but when confronted with laboratory results indicating deviant sexual arousal, they often acknowledge and elaborate on the paraphilia(s). Complete data and diagnoses are crucial in integrating treatment in the cognitive-behavioral paradigm.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Treatment considerations with black incestuous families.

This paper is concerned with father-daughter incest among blacks and the cultural and legal issues that tend to perpetuate incestuous behavior. From a decade of observations, the authors describe findings about the psychosocial and behavioral sequelae of this phenomenon in black families.

Adolescent↗