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At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

A pitfall with the use of 111In-pentetreotide scintigraphy in the resected bronchopulmonary carcinoids follow-up: a case report.

AIM: To re-evaluate the use of 111In-pentetreotide scintigraphy (Octreoscan) in the follow-up of patients operated for carcinoids, as second-step investigation, after chest X-ray, CT-scan and serological marker' levels. METHODS AND RESULTS: We describe the case of a female patient, 58-year-old, operated on for a non-secretory lung carcinoid. Five years after surgery, the CT-scan showed the enlargement of the bilateral hylo-mediastinal lymph nodes, suggestive for carcinoid recurrences. In order to confirm that, the patient was submitted to an Octreoscan that showed the presence of enlarged hylo-mediastinal adenopathies matching with the lesions observed at the CT-scan. Because the serological examination of NSE, chromogranin and serotonin, and the 5-HIIA were in the normal range, the patient was submitted to a lymph node biopsy through a mediastinoscopy. The histological examination of the specimens revealed a sarcoidosis and the patient was started on steroid therapy with good outcome. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that: 1. the octreoscan scintigraphy in the follow-up of resected carcinoids can give false-positive results and 2. in consequence, the mediastinoscopy is a discriminating investigation in case of mediastinal lymph nodes disease.

Carcinoid Tumor↗
PubMed2006

[Tension pneumothorax associated with re-intubation through percutaneous tracheostoma site].

Percutaneous tracheostomy (PT) has become popular recently, but occasionally cannula exchange can be difficult and hazardous. A 55-year-old woman with pontine hemorrhage was admitted to our ICU after oral intubation. On the 3 rd day, PT was performed with no complication to prepare for prolonged airway management. On the 14 th day, surgical removal of the pontine hematoma was scheduled. Since our neurosurgeon requested a prone position with maximal neck anteflexion, she was re-intubated orally and the tracheostomy cannula was removed during the operation. At the end of the operation, the tracheostoma had already been narrowed and re-insertion of a narrower tracheostomy cannula was unsuccessful even with bronchoscopic guidance. Following several attempts, her Spo2 gradually decreased and her blood pressure dropped. A chest X-ray showed right pneumothorax and a chest drainage tube was inserted. Posterior tracheal wall injury was suspected, though the exact injury site was not identified bronchoscopically. She was treated conservatively because no air leak was observed after advancing the oral tube. Three weeks later, surgical tracheostomy was performed without major abnormal findings. A small tracheostoma characteristic of PT might be associated with an increased risk of delayed airway complication. Cannula exchange should be performed more carefully after PT compared with surgical tracheostomy.

Female↗
PubMed1996

Physical measures of recovery from anorexia nervosa during hospitalised re-feeding.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between weight gain, changes in body composition and physiological characteristics of fitness during the recovery from anorexia nervosa. DESIGN: Longitudinal over eight weeks of intensive inpatient re-feeding (Wk 0-8). SETTING: The London Hospital Medical College. SUBJECTS: Ten female patients who agreed to participate. Seven completed the protocol. INTERVENTIONS: Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (dexa) and skinfold thickness measures at Wk 0 and 8. Weekly measures of peak expiratory flow rate and cycle ergometry (several variables relating to aerobic work recorded at rest and during cycling at low loads (0-60 W)). Blood samples for lactate and potassium measures, taken during cycling at Wk 0, 4 and 8 only. RESULTS: (1) Body composition: Mean weight gain over eight weeks was 9.6 kg, dexa and skinfold measures showing fat gain to contribute 62% and 54%, respectively. Both methods showed significant changes in percentage body fat with refeeding (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively), however there were significant differences in results between methods before (P < 0.01) but not after (P = 0.2) refeeding. (2) Physiological function: Between weeks 0 and 8, mean peak expiratory flow rate rose to 85% of predicted values, cycle ergometry performance improved in six subjects (three never reached 60 W load), mean respiratory exchange ratio (RER) during cycling fell at 0 W and 20 W loads (both P < 0.05), and oxygen pulse increased at rest and 0 W load cycling (both P < 0.05), Wk 8 values being well below normal. Oxygen uptake at rest and all loads increased in line with body weight gain only. No significant changes were seen in heart rate or blood lactate and potassium levels. CONCLUSIONS: (1) Lean body and fat mass increased significantly during eight weeks of refeeding. The methodological difference in initial body fat measurements requires further investigation. (2) The women had severely impaired physiological function. Variables studied were only slowly improving with refeeding, and work capacity was still well below normal.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1985

An X-ray diffraction and solubility study of equilibration of human enamel-powder suspensions in fluoride-containing buffer.

Various amounts of enamel-apatite powder were suspended in an acetate buffer (pH 4.5) containing sufficient fluoride to give molar ratios of fluoride/apatite from zero to unity. The suspensions were equilibrated at 20 degrees C for periods between 4h and 1 year, with continuous gentle stirring. Solubility studies showed dissolution of hydroxyapatite, formation and re-dissolution of calcium fluoride and formation of fluorapatite. The amount of mineral dissolved was low during the fluorapatite formation and increased by a factor of approx. 10 as equilibrium was approached. The fluoride content of the solid apatite, which ranged from 0.1 to 70 mol% fluorapatite, only influenced the solubility slightly, whereas the fluoride content of the bathing solution had a large effect. X-ray diffraction showed a linear correlation between the fluoride content and the a-axis of the apatite.

Apatites↗
PubMed1979

The phase behavior of hydrated cholesterol.

The thermotropic phase behavior of cholesterol monohydrate in water was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing light microscopy, and x-ray diffraction. In contrast to anhydrous cholesterol which undergoes a polymorphic crystalline transition at 39 degrees C and a crystalline to liquid transition at 151 degrees C, the closed system of cholesterol monohydrate and water exhibited three reversible endothermic transitions at 86, 123, and 157 degrees C. At 86 degrees C, cholesterol monohydrate loses its water of hydration, forming the high temperature polymorph of anhydrous cholesterol. At least 24 hours were required for re-hydration of cholesterol and the rate of hydration was dependent on the polymorphic crystalline form of anhydrous cholesterol. At 123 degrees C, anhydrous crystalline cholesterol in the presence of excess water undergoes a sharp transition to a birefringent liquid crystalline phase of smectic texture. The x-ray diffraction pattern obtained from this phase contained two sharp low-angle reflections at 37.4 and 18.7 A and a diffuse wide-angle reflection centered at 5.7 A, indicating a layered smectic type of liquid crystalline structure with each layer being two cholesterol molecules thick. The liquid crystalline phase is stable over the temperature range of 123 to 157 degrees C before melting to a liquid dispersed in water. The observation of a smectic liquid crystalline phase for hydrated cholesterol correlates with its high surface activity and helps to explain its ability to exist in high concentrations in biological membranes.

Calorimetry, Differential Scanning↗
PubMed2006

Computational design of a new hydrogen bond network and at least a 300-fold specificity switch at a protein-protein interface.

The redesign of protein-protein interactions is a stringent test of our understanding of molecular recognition and specificity. Previously we engineered a modest specificity switch into the colicin E7 DNase-Im7 immunity protein complex by identifying mutations that are disruptive in the native complex, but can be compensated by mutations on the interacting partner. Here we extend the approach by systematically sampling alternate rigid body orientations to optimize the interactions in a binding mode specific manner. Using this protocol we designed a de novo hydrogen bond network at the DNase-immunity protein interface and confirmed the design with X-ray crystallographic analysis. Subsequent design of the second shell of interactions guided by insights from the crystal structure on tightly bound water molecules, conformational strain, and packing defects yielded new binding partners that exhibited specificities of at least 300-fold between the cognate and the non-cognate complexes. This multi-step approach should be applicable to the design of polar protein-protein interactions and contribute to the re-engineering of regulatory networks mediated by protein-protein interactions.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1980

Tomography of the alveolar process.

This radiologic study using hemisected dog jaws was undertaken to determine whether or not tomographic techniques would be superior to standard dental x-ray techniques in detecting prepared periodontal defects within the cancellous bone of dog jaws. Specifically, it was done to determine whether or not tomography might be a reliable method of checking for bone fill in periodontal bone-grafting therapy. As an additional measure, a radiographic study, using a hemisected dog mandible and standard dental x-ray techniques, was undertaken to determine whether lesion size or cortical plate involvement was the determining factor in radiographic visibility. When tomographic techniques were used 55% of thirty-one prepared defects were visible, while standard dental x-ray techniques detected 29% of the same defects radiographically. The differences in detection rate were not statistically significant when analyzed by chi square. Although tomography resulted in radiographic visibility of a greater number of prepared defects, it is not reliable enough to replace re-entry procedures for documentation of bone fill in clinical studies of periodontal bone-grafting procedures. In the additional study it was determined that cortical plate involvement was the determining factor in radiographic visibility of bony defects.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1996

Rhenium(V) Oxo Complexes of Novel N(2)S(2) Dithiourea (DTU) Chelate Ligands: Synthesis and Structural Characterization.

The compounds RNHC(=S)NH(CH(2))(n)()NHC(=S)NHR were prepared in a search for new, relatively small N(2)S(2) ligands. These dithiourea (DTU) ligands are the first chelates containing two potentially bidentate thiourea moieties. A one-step reaction of 1,3-diaminopropane (1) with aryl or alkyl isothiocyanates or of 1,2-diaminoethane (2) with phenyl isothiocyanate afforded the target ligands in excellent yields (95-98%). The Re(V)=O complexes of RNHC(=S)NH(CH(2))(3)NHC(=S)NHR ligands were obtained through ligand exchange reactions with Re(V) precursors. The chemistry required neither protection of the sulfur atoms for ligand synthesis nor deprotection prior to metal complexation. The structure of (1-phenyl-3-(3-phenylthioureido)propyl]thioureato)oxorhenium(V) (7a), determined by X-ray diffraction methods, revealed the expected pseudo-square-pyramidal geometry with an N(2)S(2) basal and an apical oxo donor set. Both coordinated N's (N(c)) were deprotonated. One uncoordinated N (N(u)) was deprotonated, producing a neutral complex containing an unexpected new type of dianionic, four-membered N,S chelate. In the crystal, the N(u) atoms, N(3)H and N(4), of one complex each formed an H-bond with N(4) and N(3)H, respectively, of a symmetry-related complex. The N(c)-C-S bond angles (106.1(6) and 101.5(6) degrees ) were severely distorted from the 120 degrees expected for an sp(2)-hybridized C. However, these small bite angles and the large N-Re-N bond angle (86.1(3) degrees ) allowed for the formation of two four-membered chelate rings with normal Re-N and Re-S bond distances. Attempts to prepare complexes with the PhNHC(=S)NH(CH(2))(2)NHC(=S)NHPh ligand were unsuccessful. These results suggest that a central five-membered chelate ring is too small to accommodate bidentate coordination of both thiourea moieties. NMR studies in methanol established that the neutral complex with one uncoordinated N deprotonated was the favored form in neutral and basic solutions. However, under acidic conditions, a cationic form with both uncoordinated N's protonated was favored.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1966

Studies of chloroplast development in Euglena. 13. Variation of ultraviolet sensitivity with extent of chloroplast development.

Ultraviolet (UV) inactivation of green colony-forming ability of several different types of Euglena gracilis var. bacillaris was studied. The observed target numbers are not widely different, while the doses required to produce a single inactivation event (D(o)) vary with the type of cell used. In dark-grown cells adapting to the light in resting medium and in an X-ray-induced mutant, D(o) is proportional to the chlorophyll content of the cells. However, in hyperdeveloped cells which contain abnormally high amounts of chlorophyll, the correlation does not hold, suggesting that it is not chlorophyll per se which is responsible for the differences observed. D(o)'s of colony-forming ability (viability) of light-grown and dark-grown cells are found to differ by the same factor as those of green colony-forming ability. Stationary phase and exponential phase cells show a small difference in D(o) with no obvious difference in target multiplicity. The multiplicity of the various target curves has been re-evaluated by computer and found to be between 30 and 40.

Chloroplasts↗
PubMed2004

Use of isotopic gamma sources for identifying anti-personnel landmines.

Density is one of the indicators that can be utilized to distinguish an explosive material from an innocuous anomaly. Compton scattering of photons can be used to provide such density indication. Although X-rays have been employed for this purpose, isotopic gamma-rays offer some advantage for use in a portable device, because of their small size and self-powered nature. Radioisotopes were considered in the 1970's by the US Army. This work re-examines the utility of these sources for the detection of shallowly buried anti-personnel landmines. Monte Carlo studies indicated that the most effective configuration for identifying and locating a buried landmine should employ a collimated (241)Am source, along with a set of well-collimated detectors. Experimental measurements verified the feasibility of the proposed method and demonstrated the detectablility of mockups of landmines as small as 45 mm in diameter buried near the soil surface, or mockups larger than 80 mm in diameter buried at a depth of 80 mm, in light soil. In heavy soil, targets 80 mm in diameter were detectable at a depth of 30 mm. The use of the low-energy (60 keV) (241)Am source makes it possible to design a light-weight hand-held device that can augment other methods of detecting plastic landmines.

Americium↗
PubMed1977

Hyperthermic potentiation: biological aspects and applications to radiation therapy.

Experimental studies have provided evidence that hyperthermia may be an effective agent, either alone or in combination with ionizing radiation, in the treatment of cancer. Results have shown that temperatures in the range of 42 degrees to 45 degrees C: 1) are cytotoxic, with cell lethality showing little or no dependence on levels of oxygenation; 2) inhibit the recovery of cells from sub-lethal and potentially lethal radiation damage while enhancing the levels of lethal damage; and 3) may be combined with x-irradiation in a manner to improve therapeutic ratios. The observed interaction between hyperthermia and x-rays may in part be due to differences in the Age Response Functions and reassortment of cycling cells to these two agents. Hyperthermia may also greatly change repopulation and re-oxygenation parameters in irradiated tumor and normal tissue volumes. An overall consideration of these and other factors is essential in the design of optimal schedules of combined hyperthermia and x-irradiation treatments in the management of malignant disease.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

A structural and theoretical analysis of transition metalloporphodimethenes and their relationship with metalloporphyrins.

The paper reports the synthesis of the first-row transition metal hexaethylporphodimethene derivatives [(Et6N4)M] [M=Mn, 3; M=Co, 5; M = Cu, 7] on a multigram scale, which makes them easily available for reactivity studies. After synthesis they were converted into the corresponding five-coordinate [(Et6,N4)M(L)] [M = Mn, L =THF, 8; M =Co, L = Py, 9] and six-coordinate [(Et6,N4)M(L)2] [M = Mn, L = THF, 10; M = Mn, L = Py, 11] derivatives. The compounds mentioned above and those recently reported, namely the iron and nickel derivatives 4, 6, 12, and 13, permit the presentation of the first coherent report on the structural, optical, magnetic, and electronic characteristics of the first-row transition metal porphodimethene derivatives. The experimental results, coupled with a detailed theoretical analysis (Density Functional Theory, DFT), give the appropriate background for future development of the porphodimethene skeleton, which paves the way from porphyrinogen to porphyrins. In addition, this report, encompassing the entire first row of transition metal ion porphodimethenes, allows a valuable comparison to be made with the corresponding metallated porphyrins, thus establishing the peculiar differences in terms of structural and electronic properties and potential reactivity.

Crystallography, X-Ray↗
PubMed1983

Central breast carcinoma treated by simultaneous mastectomy and latissimus dorsi flap reconstruction.

Simultaneous mastectomy with latissimus dorsi flap reconstructions have been performed on 15 women with primary central breast cancer and on 5 women with local recurrence after local excision and deep X-ray treatment. The indications and technique are discussed. There was no mortality and no initial morbidity. No prosthesis has become infected. One prosthesis has slipped laterally, requiring removal and re-insertion at the time of nipple reconstruction. In all patients an acceptable cosmetic result, as assessed by the patient and the surgeon, has been achieved. Follow-up is very brief, 1-18 months, but there is as yet no sign of local recurrence.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Novel lipophilic amidate oxorhenium and oxotechnetium complexes as potential brain agents: synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation.

Novel oxorhenium and oxotechnetium complexes based on the tetradentate 1-(2-hydroxybenzamido)-2-(pyridinecarboxamido)benzene, H3L, ligand have been synthesized and characterized herein. Thus, by reacting equimolar quantities of the triply deprotonated ligand L3- with the suitable MO3+ precursor, the following neutral MOL complexes could be easily produced following similar synthetic routes: M = Re (1), M = 99gTc (2), and M = 99mTc (3). Complexes 1 and 2, prepared in macroscopic amounts, were chemically characterized and their structure determined by single-crystal X-ray analysis. They are isostructural metal chelates, adopting a distorted square pyramidal geometry around the metal. The N3O donor atom set of the tetradentate ligand defines the basal plane and the oxygen atom of the M = O core occupies the apex of the pyramid. Complex 3 forms quantitatively at tracer level by mixing the H3L ligand with Na99mTcO4 generator eluate in aqueous alkaline media and using tin chloride as reductant in the presence of citrate. Its structure was established by chromatographic comparison with prototypic complexes 1 and 2 using high-performance liquid chromatographic techniques. When challenged with excess glutathione in vitro, complex 3 is rapidly converted to hydrophilic unidentified metal species. Tissue distribution data after administration of complex 3 in vivo revealed a significant uptake and retention of this compound in brain tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Mutation induction by thymidine deprivation in Escherichia coli B/r. I. Influence of caffeine.

The addition of caffeine to the plating medium after thymine deprivation of E. coli WP2 uvr+ thyA or WP2 uvrA thyA had no influence on survival. Caffeine, however, reduced the frequency of mutants. The hypothesis is presented that the reduced mutagenesis is due to the sensitivity to caffeine of an inducible error-prone repair mechanism operating during thymine deprivation and after the re-addition of thymine.

Caffeine↗
PubMed2005

The clinical relevance of raised cardiac troponin I in the absence of significant angiographic coronary artery disease.

OBJECTIVES: Cardiac troponins are highly sensitive and specific markers of myocardial cell injury. We wished to determine the clinical relevance of raised troponins in the absence of significant angiographic coronary artery disease. DESIGN AND METHODS: We assessed patients admitted to our hospital over the past 3 years with troponin-positive chest pain and no angiographically significant coronary disease. RESULTS: The study included 67 patients, all of whom had symptoms of "chest pain" and elevated (>0.2 microg/L) troponin I on admission. Thirty-four (51%) patients had alternative causes for myocyte injury other than coronary ischaemia. In the remaining 33 (49%) patients we could find no other associated features or diagnoses. Follow up was obtained in 29 (88%) of these 33 patients (mean follow up 58+/-13 weeks, range 17-156 weeks). During the follow up period, three (4.5%) patients were readmitted with further ischaemic events. CONCLUSIONS: Myocardial damage can occur in the absence of significant angiographic coronary disease and other causes of raised troponins should be considered according to the clinical presentation. Troponin-positive cases with angiographically "normal" coronary arteries can re-present with future cardiac events and should still be considered for aggressive risk management.

Aged↗