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At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Phase I bioavailability and pharmacokinetic study of hexamethylene bisacetamide (NSC 95580) administered via nasogastric tube.

A Phase I clinical trial and pharmacological study of nasogastrically administered hexamethylene bisacetamide, a polar-planar compound with in vitro differentiating activity, was conducted in 14 adult patients with refractory cancer. Hexamethylene bisacetamide was administered as a 5% (w/v) solution via a nasogastric or gastrostomy tube every 4 h for 5 days, followed in 21 days by a 5-day continuous i.v. infusion at the same daily dose. Parenteral drug administration was then continued at the same interval in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Three patients each were treated at doses of 12 and 24 g/m2/day, while eight patients received a dose of 30 g/m2/day. Toxicity was comparable for both routes of drug administration at the above doses. Nasogastrically administered hexamethylene bisacetamide was well tolerated at the lower doses, whereas neurotoxicity and nausea and vomiting were the major, but manageable, toxicities at 30 g/m2/day. Metabolic acidosis, renal dysfunction, mucositis, and thrombocytopenia were the other commonly observed drug toxicities at this dose. No objective tumor responses were observed. Hexamethylene bisacetamide was rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract with a mean measured bioavailability of 99 +/- 15%. Pharmacokinetic parameters for hexamethylene bisacetamide and plasma concentrations of the two major metabolites, N-acetyl-1,6-diaminohexane and 6-acetamidohexanoic acid, were similar for either route of administration in individual patients. Hexamethylene bisacetamide exhibited apparent monoexponential plasma elimination after either nasogastric or parenteral administration with 27 to 60% of the administered dose being excreted in the urine as parent compound. Based on its demonstrated complete bioavailability and tolerability, nasogastric administration of hexamethylene bisacetamide can be directly and safely substituted for the comparable i.v. dose.

Acetamides↗
PubMed1990

Digital ambulatory monitoring of small-bowel motility.

This paper describes a new technique for ambulatory long-term monitoring of small-bowel motility. Intraluminal pressure was measured with a silicon catheter with two strain-gauge transducers spaced 15 cm apart. Pressure data were stored in a portable memory unit. Initial studies showed that a recording frequency of 2 Hz was sufficient for obtaining reliable motility measurements. Twelve-hour recordings of motility in the upper jejunum were done in 12 healthy volunteers. After a 1964-kJ meal the median duration of fed-state motility was 4.6 h (3.4-5.3 h, interquartile range). The activity front of the migrating motor complex propagated with a velocity of 2.7-5.3 cm/min, and the median cycle length was 77 (40-103) min. The frequency of contractions in the activity front was 11.4 (10.9-11.6)/min at the proximal transducer. This new technique enables small-bowel motility to be monitored over longer periods of time and with much less inconvenience to the patient than previously used methods.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The natural course of postoperative ileus following abdominal surgery.

Postoperative ileus is a normal, transient condition following surgical procedures of the abdomen. The restoration of gastrointestinal motility was studied in 50 patients who had abdominal surgery. The motility was evaluated by means of physical signs and clinical symptoms. Physical signs, such as bowel sounds, passage of first flatus and defecation, occurred on relatively constant moments in the postoperative period and did not depend on the type of operation. In the patients who had rectopexy, flatus and defecation passed significantly later, probably due to existing defecation problems before the operation. The moment of resumption of a normal diet varied greatly. None of the physical signs had a predictive value with regard to postoperative nausea or vomiting. No relation could be demonstrated between the moment of removal of the nasogastric tube and the volume of gastric aspirate drained by the tube. The period of postoperative drainage of the stomach in comparable patient groups differed strongly from ward to ward. More attention for nasogastric tube management following abdominal surgery seems desirable. Early removal of the tube is possible in most patients and diminishes unnecessary discomfort.

Abdomen↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Intraperitoneal and intragastric administration of Norartrinal in severe digestive hemorrhages].

A total of 23 successful treatments are described, in severe haemorrhages of the upper intestinal tract, which were either primitive (ulcer, gastritis), or secondary (due to stress), in seriously ill patients, by administration of 4 g of Norartrinal intragastrically or intraperitoneally. The absence of adverse reactions, that have been looked for at anatomo-pathological investigations and during surgery, as well as the good results recorded in patients in whom the classical treatment did not result in satisfactory results, recommend this method especially in limit cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Therapeutic endoscopy.

The development of flexible endoscopic instruments has altered the surgical approach to many disease processes. Endoscopic treatment of gastrointestinal polyps, common bile duct stones and foreign bodies of the gastrointestinal tract has now become the preferred method of treatment. Endoscopic gastrostomy is replacing surgical gastrostomy for the patient who requires long term enteral nutrition. Sclerosis of esophageal varices has now become the preferred method of managing patients with portal hypertension and bleeding esophageal varices. As newer endoscopic instruments are developed, more and more operative procedures will be carried out by endoscopic methods.

Ampulla of Vater↗