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At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Immediate intraocular pressure response to selective laser trabeculoplasty.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Selective laser trabeculoplasty targets the pigmented trabecular meshwork cells without damage to the trabecular meshwork architecture in vitro. A study was conducted in vivo of eight eyes with uncontrolled open angle glaucoma to ascertain the immediate intraocular response to selective laser trabeculoplasty. METHODS: The trabecular meshwork of each eye was treated 360 degrees with a frequency doubled Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. Intraocular pressure was measured 1, 2, 24 hours and 1, 4, 6 weeks after treatment. RESULTS: The average preoperative intraocular pressure was 26.6 (SD 7) mm Hg (range 18-37). Two hours and 6 weeks respectively after selective trabeculoplasty intraocular pressure was reduced in all the eyes treated with an average fall of 10.6 (5.2) mm Hg or 39.9%. A pressure spike of 10 mm Hg verified in one eye 1 hour after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Selective laser trabeculoplasty decreased intraocular pressure by an amount similar to that achieved with standard trabeculoplasty. Additional study is needed to determine whether the beneficial effect is sustained over a longer period of follow up.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Experimental evaluation of a synthetic viscoelastic material on intraocular pressure and corneal endothelium.

We compared the effects of 1.0% hyaluronic acid (Healon) and a synthetic viscoelastic polyacrylamide on postoperative intraocular pressure, the corneal endothelium, and various clinical parameters in rabbit and monkey models. Seven rabbit eyes received polyacrylamide and seven received hyaluronic acid during extracapsular cataract extraction with implantation of a polymethylmethacrylate posterior chamber intraocular lens. Intraocular pressure was measured preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, and at 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours postoperatively. Slitlamp examination was performed preoperatively and postoperatively at 3, 7, and 14 days. Axial corneal buttons were taken and scanning electron microscopy of the endothelium was performed. Sections of the globe were studied by light microscopy. Six monkey eyes received polyacrylamide, three received hyaluronic acid, and three received balanced salt solution to reform the anterior chamber after limbal incision with evacuation of aqueous. Intraocular pressure was measured preoperatively, postoperatively, and at 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 hours postoperatively. Slitlamp examination was performed preoperatively, and at 1, 2, 7, and 14 days postoperatively. Specular endothelial microscopy was performed preoperatively and at 7, 14, and 90 days postoperatively. In the studies performed no significant difference between the eyes receiving polyacrylamide and hyaluronic acid was seen. In the rabbit and monkey models, polyacrylamide is as safe and biocompatible as hyaluronic acid.

Acrylamides↗
PubMed1993

Calmodulin activated adenylyl cyclase in ciliary processes: additivity of calcium and cyclic adenosine monophosphate signals on intraocular pressure response of the rabbit eye.

PURPOSE: The regulation of adenylyl cyclase by multiple signal systems was investigated by biochemical studies of the enzyme in ciliary processes and by in vivo intraocular pressure responses in the rabbit eye. METHODS: Adenylyl cyclase enzyme activity was determined by radiometric assay using alpha-32 P-ATP as substrate. Drugs were administered to the rabbit eye by intravitreal injection or topical application, and intraocular pressure was measured by pneumatonography. RESULTS: Adenylyl cyclase activity in the membrane/particulate fraction of the rabbit ciliary process was activated by calmodulin in the presence of Ca2+, Co2+, or Mn2+, and inhibited by the calmodulin antagonist calmidazolium. The activity was additive to stimulations of adenylyl cyclase by the activating G-protein (Gs) via isoproterenol or vasoactive intestinal peptide receptors, and by forskolin. The biochemical findings were supported by in vivo correlation experiments with intravitreal injection of MnCl2, and by topical treatment with the Ca(2+)-mobilizing alpha 1-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine and with agents affecting cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels (forskolin, isobutylmethylxanthine). The intraocular pressure response was augmented by combining threshold doses of phenylephrine with threshold doses of either forskolin or isobutylmethylxanthine. The maximal and most prolonged response (a decrease in intraocular pressure of 4 mm Hg for up to 8 hr) was obtained by combination treatment with all three agents at doses that produced no significant effect by themselves. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide a biochemical mechanism for ocular hypotensive drugs having both a Ca(2+)-mobilizing activity as well as increasing cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels by receptor-coupled stimulation of adenylyl cyclase.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1979

[Inhibition of secondary increase of intraocular pressure following cyclokryocoagulation (author's transl)].

Prostaglandin mediated transient increase in intraocular pressure following cryokoagulation of the ciliary body in rabbits was completely inhibited by preoperative administration of Aspisol (D, L-Lysin-mono-(acetylsalicylat)). To avoid additional increase in intraocular pressure in patients chosen for cyclocryotherapy, pretreatment with Aspisol could prove to be effective.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Effects of thiopentone/suxamethonium on intraocular pressure after pretreatment with alfentanil.

The effects of pretreatment with alfentanil on intraocular pressure (IOP) were investigated in 40 patients undergoing ophthalmic surgery. Patients were randomly allocated to two study groups. Group 1 patients (n = 20) received alfentanil 15 micrograms.kg-1, vecuronium 0.01 mg.kg-1, thiopentone 3-4 mg.kg-1, and suxamethonium 1 mg.kg-1 for anaesthetic induction, whereas patients in group 2 (n = 20) received vecuronium 0.01 mg.kg-1, thiopentone 3-4 mg.kg-1, and suxamethonium 1 mg.kg-1. A total of seven measurements of intraocular pressure were taken in each patient, starting before premedication and ending after extubation of the trachea. In group 2 patients, there was an increase in IOP after endotracheal intubation. In group 1 patients, a decrease in IOP occurred which was related to the decrease in arterial blood pressure. We conclude that alfentanil pretreatment can prevent the increase in IOP following suxamethonium administration.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Intraocular pressure in rabbits by telemetry II: effects of animal handling and drugs.

PURPOSE: To measure under carefully controlled conditions the effects in the rabbit eye of commonly used therapeutic agents for glaucoma. METHODS: Rabbits were outfitted in one eye with an implantable telemetric pressure transducer and monitored for several months under controlled conditions of light/ dark and handling. Effects of tonometry, handling, water drinking, and instillation of topical ophthalmic medications on intraocular pressure were recorded during each 24-hour day/night cycle. RESULTS: Pneumatonometry, animal handling, and water drinking all had an effect on intraocular pressure that in many instances was of the same magnitude as the effects of pharmacologic agents. Dorzolamide and timolol caused a sustained reduction of intraocular pressure during the nocturnal period. Epinephrine had a biphasic effect, causing an immediate pressure elevation followed by a prolonged depression. Apraclonidine, latanoprost, and pilocarpine had no measurable effect. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous telemetric measurement of intraocular pressure in rabbits permits the measurement of uncontrollable artifacts that occur with tonometric measurements and animal handling. If environmental conditions are rigidly controlled, this method is very sensitive for detecting therapeutic effects of candidates for ocular hypotensive drugs. When healthy animals are used, the method appears to be more sensitive for drugs that affect aqueous humor formation than for drugs that affect aqueous humor outflow resistance.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1984

Some factors affecting the intraocular pressure reduction after argon laser trabeculoplasty in open-angle glaucoma.

One hundred and thirty-five eyes in 120 patients with open-angle glaucoma were treated with argon laser trabeculoplasty and followed up for 6 months. The mean reduction in intraocular pressure in the whole material was 10.9 mmHg. 13.1 in eyes with capsular glaucoma and 7.2 in eyes with simple glaucoma. The possible influence of the degree of trabecular pigmentation, the pre-treatment intraocular pressure level and the presence of exfoliative material on the amount of pressure reduction was analysed. The presence of some trabecular pigmentation was a prerequisite for the effect of ALT, but the degree of pigmentation did not influence the pressure-reducing capacity of argon laser trabeculoplasty. The pressure reduction was found to be correlated to the pre-treatment intraocular pressure level without influence of the presence of exfoliative material. Eyes with capsular glaucoma had higher pre-treatment intraocular pressures and seldom had non-pigmented trabecular meshwork, which may explain the greater pressure reduction in this group.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

The relation between intracranial and intraocular pressures: study of 50 patients.

OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the correlation between intracranial (ICP) and intraocular pressure (IOP). METHODS: Of the 77 patients who underwent a lumbar puncture, 27 were excluded secondary to a history of glaucoma, using drugs effective on IOP, and abnormal funduscopic examination. ICP was measured by lumbar puncture. IOP was measured by two scales of Schiotz tonometer in both eyes, and the mean was calculated. RESULTS: We found a significant correlation between ICP and mean IOP (p < 0.001; r = 0.955). Body mass index, age, and disease type had no significant effect on this correlation. INTERPRETATION: IOP is correlated with ICP.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Intraocular pressure, anterior chamber depth and axial length following intravenous mannitol.

The intraocular pressure (IOP), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and axial length (AL) were measured in 38 eyes of 19 subjects before and after intravenous mannitol injection (12.5 g). Intraocular pressures dropped over the initial 30 min then rose back to baseline by 2 hr. Time 0 min:14.2 mmHg, 15 min:12.7 mmHg, 30 min:11.4 mmHg, 60 min:12.0 mmHg, 90 min, 13.2 mmHg, 120 min:14.1 mmHg. Sitting and supine ACD and AL did not change following mannitol injection. This study supports an ocular hypotensive effect of mannitol without reducing vitreous volume using a relatively low dose of mannitol (12.5 g). This finding has important implications for its use in ocular surgery at this dosage.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intraocular pressure, quality of block, and degree of pain associated with ropivacaine in peribulbar block: a comparative randomized study with bupivacaine-lidocaine mixture.

PURPOSE: To compare the effects of ropivacaine and bupivacaine-lidocaine combination on intraocular pressure, quality of block, and degree of postoperative pain in peribulbar block. METHODS: The study group involved 32 patients undergoing elective cataract surgery under peribulbar block. Patients were divided into two groups according to the local anesthetic used: Group 1 (n = 16), ropivacaine 0.75%; and Group 2 (n = 16), bupivacaine 0.5%-lidocaine 2% mixture. Intraocular pressure was measured at four time points: before block (control), 1 min after block, 5 min after block, and 15 min after block with Tonopen. Quality of block was evaluated using a three-point scoring system based on the reduction of globe motility. Patients were asked their degree of intraoperative pain by using a five-point verbal rating score after the surgery. RESULTS: Mean values of intraocular pressure after block were significantly lower in Group 1 in comparison to Group 2 (p < 0.05, Mann Whitney test). The quality of block was better in Group 2, and the degree of postoperative pain was lower in Group 1 (p < 0.05, Mann-Whitney test). CONCLUSIONS: Ropivacaine used in peribulbar block is better than bupivacaine-lidocaine mixture under the same standard conditions in terms of reducing intraocular pressure and postoperative pain in intraocular surgery.

Amides↗
PubMed2000

[Intraocular pressure response after administration of 3 different viscoelastic agents after cataract operation].

UNLABELLED: By using three different viscoelastics [Adatocel (methylhydroxypropylcellulose), Amvisc Plus (sodium hyaluronate) and Healon (sodium hyaluronate)] a prospective randomized study was conducted to investigate whether postoperative intraocular pressure shows significant differences according to the viscoelastics used after 150 cases of cataract surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The inclusion criteria for this study were: extracapsular cataract extraction via the usual small-incision techniques and endocapsular posterior-chamber lens implantation. A total of 150 eyes were operated upon. The patients were randomly assigned to three groups according to the viscoelastics, 50 cases used adatocel, 50 Amvisc Plus and 50 Healon. As far as possible, the viscoelastics were sucked out under visual control. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured after 6 and 24 h. RESULTS: Six hours postoperatively, no statistically significant difference between the intraocular pressure after using different viscoelastics (adatocel: 19.6 +/- 9.7 mmHg, Amvisc Plus: 20.5 +/- 9.6 mmHg und Healon: 21.8 +/- 8.8 mmHg) was seen. At 24 h IOP was statistically significant higher for Healon than for adatocel and Amvisc Plus (adatocel: 16.3 +/- 4.8 mmHg, Amvisc Plus: 16.5 +/- 4.6 mmHg and Healon: 19.7 +/- 6.6 mmHg). CONCLUSIONS: Six hours postoperatively after phacoemulsification there was no significant difference between the IOP using different viscoelastics adatocel, Amvisc Plus and Healon. Twenty-four hours postoperatively a significantly higher intraocular pressure was measured for Healon than for the other viscoelastics.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1991

Effects of topical dihydroergocristine on intraocular pressure, aqueous humor dynamics and pupil diameter in conscious rabbits. A comparative study with timolol and pilocarpine.

This work comparatively studies the effects of dihydroergocristine, timolol and pilocarpine on intraocular pressure and pupil diameter in conscious rabbits. Intraocular pressure was measured by applanation tonometry and the pupil diameter by a photographic technique. In anesthetized rabbits, changes in tonographic facility of aqueous humor outflow and rate of aqueous humor formation were evaluated. Dihydroergocristine reduced the intraocular pressure more than timolol and much more than pilocarpine. The ocular hypotensive effect of dihydroergocristine was accomplished by a great reduction in aqueous humor formation, which surpasses the decrease in aqueous humor outflow, while timolol mainly reduced aqueous humor formation and pilocarpine increased aqueous humor outflow. Pupil diameter remained unchanged on dihydroergocristine, whereas timolol induced a slight mydriasis and pilocarpine provoked a clear myosis. Effects of dihydroergocristine might result in blockade of alpha-adrenoceptors in ciliary body, although available data about pretreatment with either metoclopramide or domperidone suggest that dopamine DA2-receptors might participate in ocular hypotensive effect of ergot derivatives.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1978

The effect of 1.5% timolol maleate on intraocular pressure.

A controlled trial was instituted to compare the effect on intraocular pressure of topical administration of timolol maleate with epinephrine hydrochloride. A bottling error by the manufacturer resulted in the placebo bottles containing 1.5% timolol maleate. This drug given twice a day for two weeks significantly reduced intraocular pressure and produced no side effects.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1992

Averaged steady-state visual evoked cortical potentials at artificially raised intraocular pressure.

By recording steady-state visual evoked cortical potentials while intraocular pressure is artificially increased, information can be obtained on the pressure tolerance of the optic nerve head. Such experiments have previously been performed by a vector voltmeter technique. We studied the visual evoked cortical potentials in 30 healthy volunteers with artificially increased intraocular pressure, but we used an averager instead of a vector voltmeter. The results were similar except that the noise level in averaging was higher than with the vector voltmeter technique. This observation confirms that the signal-to-noise ratio is much better with the vector voltmeter technique than with the averaging technique. Our results show that averaging can be used in pressure tolerance testing, but the amplitude cannot be observed as far down as in the vector voltmeter technique. This limits the clinical value of averagers in this application.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

The full-field flicker test in glaucomas: influence of intraocular pressure and pattern of visual field losses.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate how temporal contrast sensitivity (TCS) determined with full-field flicker stimuli is influenced by intraocular pressure and whether TCS is reduced in glaucoma patients with diffuse perimetric losses as well as in patients with localized visual field deficits. METHODS: TCS was determined with sinusoidally flickering light (37.1 Hz) in a full-field bowl. Perimetric mean defect (MD) and cumulative defect curves (Octopus G1) were used to distinguish between patients with localized and diffuse field deficits. Normal subjects (296), low-tension glaucoma patients (98) and open-angle glaucoma patients with previously elevated intraocular pressure (541) were classified into five subgroups taking into account the depth of their visual field losses. RESULTS: No significant correlation between full-field flicker sensitivity and prevailing intraocular pressure was found in normals (Y=1.36+0.006 X) or in patients (Y=0.95-0.0002 X). Analyses of validity at a predefined specificity of 90% reveal a reduction of TCS in patients with early (MD<5 dB) diffuse perimetric losses (sensitivity 69%) as well as in those showing localized visual field defects (sensitivity 65%). Sensitivity was 87% in patients with diffuse perimetric defects (MD 5-10 dB), 93% in a group of patients with both types of losses, and 100% in advanced glaucomas (MD>20 dB). The lack of TCS is similar in open-angle glaucomas and in field-loss-matched normal-tension glaucoma patients. CONCLUSIONS: Significantly reduced TCS in patients with early diffuse perimetric losses as well as in those showing localized visual field defects indicates that localized damages can be associated with general deterioration of the ability to perceive flickering stimuli. Thus, this flicker test can be performed in a full-field bowl with no need for fixation. Considering its other clinical qualities (photopic conditions, low influence of prevailing intraocular pressure and media opacity) the test may be a useful, convenient supplementary procedure in glaucoma screening.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1992

A comparative study between cod liver oil and liquid lard intake on intraocular pressure on rabbits.

Cod liver oil administered intramuscularly (0.2 ml/day) lowered intraocular pressure (IOP) of the rabbit from 21 mmHg to 18 +/- 0.4 mmHg (p less than 0.05 n = 8). A higher dose of cod liver oil (1 ml) further lowered intraocular pressure to 14.5 +/- 0.3 mmHg which remained at this level for up to 80 days when the rabbits were sacrificed. Intramuscular injections of liquid lard did not alter IOP in rabbits. When treatment with cod liver oil was stopped, IOP rose to baseline levels. Topical treatment with cyclooxygenase inhibitors had no effect on the IOP lowering effect of cod liver oil. Topical treatment of rabbit eyes with 1% aspirin solution twice daily (up to 28 days) and flurbiprofen t.i.d. (up to 15 days) caused no alteration in the decrease in IOP seen with intramuscular cod liver oil treatment for up to 28 and 15 days respectively.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1982

[Postoperative intraocular pressure following iris-clip lens implantation].

Within the past three years intraocular Binkhorst lenses have been implanted in 152 consecutive cases. In 36% of the intracapsularly operated cases (123 eyes) and 45% of the extracapsularly (29 eyes), intraocular pressure increased to 40 mm Hg for three to four days postoperatively. Pseudophakic-pupillary block glaucoma was not observed in any of the cases. Fourteen days postoperatively no case required glaucoma treatment. As in normal aphakic eyes, intraocular pressure dropped to subnormal values 8 weeks postoperatively in 6% of the cases.

Cataract Extraction↗
PubMed1975

[What is the effect of glyceryl trinitrate on the intraocular pressure? (author's transl)].

In experiments with animals and on glaucoma patients with wide and narrow anterior chamber angle, the effect of glyceryl trinitrate on the intraocular pressure was examined. In no case was found an increase in the intraocular pressure. On the contrary the pressure fell more or less definitely in the patients within 30 minutes after application of the drug. After that the intraocular pressure increased again to the original value.

Administration, Oral↗