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Results for “INTESTINAL DISEASES”

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At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile cause distinct pseudomembranous intestinal diseases.

We report simultaneous infections with Clostridium difficile and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a patient with discrete colonic pseudomembranes typical of C. difficile infection, as well as confluent, loosely adherent pseudomembranes in the small bowel. Identification of MRSA in the small bowel pseudomembrane by polymerase chain reaction supports S. aureus as an enteric pathogen.

Clostridioides difficile↗
PubMed1985

Nephrolithiasis and intestinal disease.

Kidney stones in patients with inflammatory bowel disease are usually composed of calcium oxalate. Two factors are important in the increased absorption of dietary oxalate which is responsible for those stones: 1) increased absorption of oxalate in the presence of steatorrhea, and 2) increased permeability of the colon to oxalate. Fortunately, some of the physiologic abnormalities can be corrected. A therapeutic approach is detailed.

Calcium Oxalate↗
PubMed1997

A blood test for intestinal permeability and function: a new tool for the diagnosis of chronic intestinal disease in dogs.

We demonstrate that rhamnose, 3-O-methyl-D-glucose, D-xylose and lactulose may be quantified accurately in blood by HPLC and pulsed amperometric detection, thus enabling studies of intestinal permeability and function to be carried out using plasma samples. Prior to HPLC, the endogenous glucose was enzymatically modified to gluconic acid and the protein precipitated. The precision of the quantification of the sugars in plasma (CV: 2.2-5.7%; 8.7-10.6% at very low concentrations) compared well with the quantification in urine. The results for groups of 8 dogs with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and 12 dogs with inflammatory bowel disease were shown to be significantly different from a group of 20 normal control dogs (P < 0.001), demonstrating the test's value as a diagnostic tool. The normal ranges in blood 2 h post oral administration were determined to be 0.05-0.17 for the lactulose/rhamnose ratio and 0.45-0.65 for the xylose/3-O-methylglucose ratio. This method may be employed advantageously when the collection of urine in intestinal permeability and function tests is difficult.

3-O-Methylglucose↗
PubMed1978

[Study of the properties of E. coli of serological group 03 isolated in acute intestinal diseases].

The authors studied the properties of 115 strains of E. coli of serological group 03 isolated from 49 children and adults with acute intestinal disturbances. The majority of the children (82.9%) were aged under one year. Results of the study of the antigenic structure and biochemical properties permitted to differentiate the strains isolated into 3 serological types, with the prevalence of strains of type O3 : K2 (L) : H2 (78.3%), and 8 biochemical variants. The majority of the strains possessed hemolytic properties. Strains of serological group O3 were isolated repeatedly from the patients during the sickness, whereas none were revealed in examination of 132 healthy children and adults. The data obtained permitted to consider these microbes to be possible causative agents of intestinal coliinfection, and to refer them to the enteropathogenic category.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

[The prevalence of Yersinia and its serologic variants in patients with acute intestinal diseases of undetermined etiology in Leningrad].

Among Yersinia enterocolitica strains of 32 serovars, proposed as typing strains, some strains were found to belong to new species. Y. enterocolitica sensu stricto was represented by 21 serovars in the collection of typing strains. The occurrence of different Yersinia serovars in patients with acute enteric diseases of unknown etiology in Leningrad in 1983-1986 was determined with the use of the set of monoreceptor to 21 serovars. Out of 2,947 cultures studied by biochemical and serological methods, 81% were typed. Among them 18 Y. enterocolitica serovars were determined. Their characteristic feature was the prevalence of serovar O3 and an insignificant proportion of serovar O9. More frequently Yersinia were detected in patients with the primary diagnosis of acute enteric diseases (93.5%). The overwhelming majority (two-thirds) of Yersinia strains were isolated from children. A great number of strains detected in this study (70%) was isolated on days 10-15 of the bacteriological examination. In 927 cultures the following biovars were determined: the strains of serovar O3 belonged to biovar 4 and all other strains, to biovar 1.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[The role of arachidonic acid metabolism in the pathophysiology of chronic inflammatory intestinal diseases].

Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are chronic inflammatory diseases of the bowel with unknown etiology. Alterations of intestinal and systemic immuno-regulation are probably of importance in the pathophysiology of both diseases. Moreover, recent studies suggest that polymorphonuclear granulocytes and probably macrophages are of particular importance in the initiation of an acute flare of the disease. Interest has therefore focused on arachidonic acid metabolites, in particular leukotrienes and prostaglandins, which are important mediators in granulocyte and macrophage activation and chemotaxis. The pathophysiologic importance of various leukotriene derivatives, particularly LTB4, has been well established whereas the actions of prostaglandins in vivo, in particular PGE2, are controversial. Numerous anti-inflammatory drugs such as glucocorticoids and salicylic acid derivatives have been successfully used to treat intestinal inflammation. One possible mechanism of action is the modulation of arachidonic acid metabolism and thus regulation of the genesis of active inflammatory mediators.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMed1989

Chicken egg antibodies for prophylaxis and therapy of infectious intestinal diseases. II. In vitro studies on gastric and enteric digestion of egg yolk antibodies specific against pathogenic Escherichia coli strains.

Specific antibodies directed against enterotoxic E. coli strains from the yolk of immunized hens were exposed in vitro to the influence of varying digestive phenomena like reduction of pH and proteolytic digestion. The remaining antibody activity was tested in a specific ELISA system. It could be shown that already within the stomach a considerable loss in antibody activity caused by a lowering of pH and peptic cleavage can be expected. A further loss in antibody activity is due to the proteolytic effect of the pancreas proteases trypsin and chymotrypsin. It was found that antibodies in protein rich solutions like egg or yolk suspensions were more resistant than mere globulin fractions or antibodies isolated by affinity chromatography. Prospects for further in vivo tests are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Expert judgement of gastro-intestinal disease in Austrian social medicine (author's transl)].

Expert judgement of selected gastro-intestinal disorders, as well as of pancreatic and liver disease and of the status after gastric surgery is discussed. The group of liver disease commented upon includes virus hepatitis as a disease caused by professional activity, fatty liver, chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver. A causal relationship between progressive liver disease and peptic ulcer has to be accepted; a causal relationship between most types of liver disease and cholelithiasis however has not yet been established. In conclusion, the advantages are stressed of an early mobilisation of patients with chronic liver disease as well as the positive effects of physical therapy upon the course of the disease, the psychological and general status of the patient.

Cholelithiasis↗
PubMed1998

[NF-kappa B and inflammatory intestinal diseases].

The chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are multifactorial pathologies. There is overwhelming evidence that genetic factors play a pivotal role in the predisposition to suffer from IBD. The severity of the inflammatory response depends on genes coding for proteins which regulate the cytokine production. Among them, NF kappa B stands out as the most important regulator of the gene expression of several pro- and anti-inflammatory genes. We present hereby its structure, function, regulation and the role played in IBD. Different theories relating the mechanism of action of glucocorticosteroids to NF kappa B are described in this review as well. The more accurate knowledge of the NF kappa B physiology has allowed new therapeutical approaches to inflammatory diseases to appear, namely the transfer to primary intestinal epithelial cells by an adenoviral vector of a mutant I kappa B (the inhibitory protein of NF kappa B) and the local use of p65 antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotides.

Humans↗
PubMed2005

Whipple disease: intestinal infiltrating cells exhibit a transcriptional pattern of M2/alternatively activated macrophages.

Whipple disease (WD) is a rare systemic disease caused by Tropheryma whipplei and is characterized by the presence of foamy macrophages with periodic acid-Schiff-positive inclusions in tissues such as lamina propria. For the first time, we report the gene-expression profile of macrophages in intestinal lesions from a patient with WD. Microarray and real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that genes encoding CCL18, cathepsins, scavenger receptor, interleukin-10, and lipid metabolites were up-regulated in intestinal lesions. This transcriptional pattern corresponds to that of M2/alternatively activated macrophages. Our results suggest that the T helper 2 response in the intestinal environment may account for the pathophysiological properties of WD.

Actinobacteria↗
PubMed1985

[Inflammatory intestinal diseases from the organic and psychosomatic viewpoint].

The importance of psychiatric factors in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis is well recognized. This fact is demonstrated with two characteristic medical histories based on the psychoanalytic interview. The question of vicissitudes of symptoms following proctocolectomy is discussed on the basis of own investigations. The last part of the paper shows problems of patients with permanent colo- and ileostomy.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Kallikrein-kinin system in inflammatory bowel diseases: Intestinal involvement and correlation with the degree of tissue inflammation.

BACKGROUND: Tissue kallikrein and its natural inhibitor, kallistatin, play opposite roles in the generation of bradykinin, a potent mediator of inflammation. Observations on experimental models and humans with ulcerative colitis suggest a pathogenetic role of the kallikrein-kinin system in inflammatory bowel diseases. AIM: To evaluate tissue kallikrein and kallistatin in intestinal tissue samples from Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis patients with different degrees of disease involvement. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Full-thickness surgical intestinal samples were obtained from 144 subjects (38 normal controls, 32 inflammatory controls, 38 Crohn's disease, 36 ulcerative colitis) and tested for kallikrein and kallistatin by immunoperoxidase techniques. RESULTS: Compared with controls, kallikrein immunoreactivity was significantly weaker in goblet cells (p=0.0001) and significantly stronger in interstitium (p=0.0001) of the Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis samples. Kallistatin colocalised with kallikrein, with almost no reactivity in goblet cells but strong reactivity in interstitium of inflammatory bowel disease patients (p=0.0001 versus controls). The kallikrein and kallistatin depletion of goblet cells and the increased interstitial kallikrein and kallistatin reactivity correlated with the degree of tissue inflammation (p=0.0001). Disease-free samples had normal kallikrein and kallistatin patterns. CONCLUSIONS: Kallikrein-kinin system is actively involved in inflammatory bowel disease as a result of the release of kallikrein in the intestinal extracellular space; this involvement correlates with the degree of tissue inflammation. The normal pattern observed in the disease-free samples seems to rule out a genetic defect of kallikrein and kallistatin in inflammatory bowel diseases.

Adult↗