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At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

[The role of preprosthetic orthodontics in the interdisciplinary management of congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors: case report].

The early loss of permanent teeth following trauma or congenital aplasia and agenesia need to be corrected by orthodontic or prosthetic means, sometimes combined with implant therapy. Preprosthetic orthodontic measures are often an integral part of comprehensive oral rehabilitation. The individual aspects of treatment are aimed at optimizing dentofacial esthetics and at improving masticatory function and hygiene potential of prosthetic restorations. The orthodontic solution results usually in different anatomic, functional, and esthetic problems. In the present study the treatment possibilities of two patients with missing upper lateral incisors are presented. In the first case the problem of the missing upper lateral incisors was solved by adhesive bridges, after the fixed appliance orthodontic treatment, where the diasthema medianum was closed, and the upper canines were distalized. In our second case the same problem was solved by inserting implants, with single, metal free crowns in the upper lateral incisor area, after the fixed appliance orthodontic treatment, where the upper canines were distalized, and the bicuspids derotated. Prosthetic and implant procedures are very demanding and require long-term maintenance. Preprosthetic orthodontics will continue to gain significance in future esthetically-functionally oriented dentistry and that its integration into multidisciplinary rehabilitation is often indispensable.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Effects of various periodontal ligament elastic moduli on the stress distribution of a central incisor and surrounding alveolar bone.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Previous studies investigating the effects of core or post on the fracture strength of teeth often omitted the periodontal ligament (PDL) because its physical properties are difficult to reliably quantify. This study investigated the effects of various PDL elastic moduli on the stress distribution around a central incisor and surrounding alveolar bone using 3-dimensional finite element stress analyses. METHODS: Four 3-dimensional finite element models of an upper central incisor and the dento-alveolar complex were established. Five models were constructed, including: no PDL, as well as a PDL with elastic moduli of 6.9 MPa, 68.9 MPa, and 1750 MPa. Two loading conditions were simulated, one with protrusive force and one with intrusive force. Protrusive loading was generated using a point force of 200 N at 45 degrees inclination to the longitudinal axis of the incisor applied on the lingual side. Intrusive loading was generated using a point force of 200 N applied perpendicular to the incisal edge. RESULTS: The absence of a PDL had detrimental effects on the surrounding bone, because the applied stress remained concentrated at the bone crest and cervical third of the root. A PDL with a lower elastic modulus, on the other hand, helped to alleviate the magnitude of stress throughout the surrounding bone and the bone crest, in particular, by distributing the stress deeper towards the apical region. The stress distribution at the crown was unaffected by variations in the PDL elastic modulus. CONCLUSIONS: PDL with a lower elastic modulus can help protect the alveolar bone crest from stress concentration.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Molar incisor hypomineralization: review and recommendations for clinical management.

Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) describes the clinical picture of hypomineralization of systemic origin affecting one or more first permanent molars (FPMs) that are associated frequently with affected incisors. Etiological associations with systemic conditions or environmental insults during the child's first 3 years have been implicated. The complex care involved in treating affected children must address their behavior and anxiety, aiming to provide a durable restoration under pain-free conditions. The challenges include adequate anaesthesia, suitable cavity design, and choice of restorative materials. Restorations in hypomineralized molars appear to fail frequently; there is little evidence-based literature to facilitate clinical decisions on cavity design and material choice. A 6-step approach to management is described: (1) risk identification; (2) early diagnosis; (3) remineralization and desensitization; (4) prevention of caries and posteruption breakdown; (5) restorations and extractions; and (6) maintenance. The high prevalence of MIH indicates the need for research to clarify etiological factors and improve the durability of restorations in affected teeth. The purpose of this paper was to describe the diagnosis, prevalence, putative etiological factors, and features of hypomineralized enamel in molar incisor hypomineralization and to present a sequential approach to management.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2006

[Orthodontic treatment for the impacted upper central incisors: report of 28 cases].

PURPOSE: To study the effect of treating the impacted upper central incisors which couldn't erupt by surgical exposure and orthodontic traction. METHODS: 28 cases with 30 impacted upper central incisors were treated with surgical exposure and orthodontic traction. RESULTS: In 1 case, the tooth erupted by traction. but the space was not enough, the child's parents refused extraction of the teeth, which resulted in malalignment of the maxillary incisors. In 1 case, the tooth erupted after 3 months of traction, but the patient gave up further treatment because he had no revisit time. In the remaining 26 cases all the teeth moved into correct position. The average eruption time was 4.5 month (rang: 1 to 10 months). 28 impacted teeth had vital pulp. No root absorption and conglutination were found. CONCLUSIONS: The time of treatment, reasonable orthodontic method, less operative trauma, appropriate traction force, anchorage, control of inflammation are the keys of successful treatment.

Child↗
PubMed2006

Ectopic eruption of the maxillary central permanent incisors and mandibular first permanent molars: report of an unusual case.

Ectopic eruption is a disturbance in which the tooth does not follow its usual course. Among its more important etiologic factors are macrodontism, shortened arch length, posterior positioning of the maxilla, atypical eruption angle, and genetic factors. This article reports a rare case of ectopic eruption of 4 permanent teeth, maxillary central incisors and mandibular first molars, in a child aged 7 years and 11 months, in which the treatment consisted of extracting the maxillary primary central incisors and making an orthodontic intervention on the mandibular arch. A bilateral fixed appliance containing 2 hooks with loops, 1 buccal and the other lingual, was placed on the mandibular primary first molars. The hooks were activated in a niche made of light-curing resin on the occlusal surface of the mandibular permanent molars, to bring about the distal drift of these teeth. After 6 months, complete eruption of the mandibular permanent molars occurred, and a slight displacement of the maxillary permanent central incisors toward the median line was noted. The importance of early, adequate treatment is discussed.

Child↗
PubMed2006

Diagnostic protocol in cases of congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors.

Patients with congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors may seek treatment from an orthodontist for several reasons; unpleasant smile, dental arch disharmony, and midline deviations are among the most frequent complaints. Orthodontists and prosthodontists have raised important questions about the esthetics, occlusion, periodontal health, and psychological conditions noted in these patients. The decision to open lateral incisor spaces for prosthetics or close spaces by mesial movement of the canines requires a careful diagnosis and comprehensive multidisciplinary treatment planning. The purpose of this article is to present a diagnostic protocol to assist in the decision-making process, while analyzing patients with absent maxillary lateral incisors. The basis for a sound diagnosis and an effective treatment plan resides in careful consideration of the facial and dental characteristics of each patient. All information gathered during the clinical examination should be added to data obtained with other diagnostic tools, such as cephalometric analysis and orthodontic waxups, to achieve the treatment option that best suits the patient's expectations.

Anodontia↗
PubMed1991

[A supernumerary primary tooth inducing impaction of primary incisor: a case report].

A case of a primary supernumerary tooth in a 18 month old girl was reported. 1. The supernumerary tooth was located in the maxillary incisor area. 2. The maxillary left primary central incisor and the primary supernumerary tooth were impacted. 3. The clinical and radiographic findings indicated that the primary tooth in the mesial position was the supernumerary tooth, and therefore it was removed. 4. Three days after extraction of the mesiodens, the left primary central incisor erupted. The tooth completely erupted in two months. 5. The radiographic examination showed no supernumerary succedenous teeth.

Female↗
PubMed1991

Morphological study of calcospherites in rat and rabbit incisor dentin.

Calcospherites from incisors of rats and rabbits were studied, by means of secondary and backscattered electron images, using scanning electron microscopy. Part of each incisor specimen was made anorganic to allow observation of the surface of the mineralization front by scanning electron microscopy; the other part was ground on one side for observation by scanning electron microscopy with a backscattered electron image detector. In both species the labial mineralization front was wavy and the image showed fused calcospherites, whereas the lingual mineralization front appeared to consist of a combination of linear and globular forms. In rat labial dentin the calcospherites were large and globular form, but they did not develop in the lingual dentin and were small and oval. The shape and size of rabbit incisor calcospherites varied from the pulp horn to the root apex. There were great differences between rats and rabbits with respect to the size and shape of the calcospherites at the mineralization front. This may be due to species differences and possibly the differing rates of dentinogenesis in rats and rabbits.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Study on biomechanics of incisor movement retracted by Hawley labial wire of removable appliance].

The authors used the space three point location Approximation method and L-positioner instrument to study the biomechanics of incisor movement retracted by Hawley labial wire of removable appliance. The magnitude, direction and effective point of orthodontic force from the X-ray films and models were measured. More than 2800 data groups were collected. The results showed that; 1) the force of retracted Hawley wire acts on the incisors can be divided into incisal and lingual components, and there was a stable contact point on the incisors; 2) The Hawley wire was constructed by stainless wire of 0.7-0.8 mm in diameter (made in Shanghai Dental Material Factory), retracting it 1mm horizontally may produce 100-150 gm orthodontic force and 3) the direction of tooth movement is not the same direction of orthodontic force, and is affected by resistant force of the periodontal tissue.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Prevalence of traumatized permanent incisors in Jordanian children, according to age, sex and socio-economic class.

The purpose of this retrospective study was to analyse firstly the prevalence of firsty fractured permanent incisors, secondly their distribution according to age, sex and socio-economic class and thirdly the location of the trauma, in a population sample of schoolchildren from Jordan. The sample consisted of 3041 children aged 7-12 years enrolled in 6 public and private schools from the city of Amman and its outskirts. The prevalence of fractured permanent incisors was 10.5% (12.1% in boys and 8.8% in girls). The largest number of injuries was observed in the 11-12 years group (15.0%) and there was an increase of the prevalence of trauma associated with the increase of age. Significantly more boys suffered injuries than girls (P less than 0.01). The teeth most commonly injured were the maxillary central incisors (79.1%) and 85.2% of children sustained one fractured tooth only. The numbers of traumatized children in each of the low and middle socio-economic classes were significantly higher than those in the high socio-economic class.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

Lower incisor angulation differences in Class II division 1 malocclusions with and without full 'lip trap'.

A cephalometric study was designed to investigate whether a difference in lower incisor angulation exists in Class II division 1 malocclusion subjects with and without the presence of a lower lip trap. Chinese subjects (N = 40) with Class II division 1 malocclusions who demonstrated a complete lower lip trap were compared to an equal number of subjects with a partial lip trap. Intergroup comparisons of several cephalometric parameters indicated the presence of statistically significant differences in both the degree of lowe incisor proclination/retroclination (p < 0.01) and the magnitude of the overjet (p < 0.05). In the complete lip trap group, the lower incisor was more retroclined and the overjets were also statistically larger than the partial lip trap group.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Single incisor syndrome and growth hormone deficiency].

The syndrome of single incisor belongs to the group of midline malformations and is characterized by a single incisor in the patient's maxilla. A growth hormone deficiency (GHD) can be associated. We report about two of our patients with this syndrome. A GHD was diagnosed at the age of 11.0 and 7.6 years, respectively, although a single incisor had already been present during their first dentition. The first patient was treated with HGH to a chronological age of 18.6 years (final height 168 cm), the second patient is still on therapy. The growth of children with craniofacial dysmorphic features must be controlled closely in order to diagnose a GHD in time.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Single maxillary central incisors in the midline.

A single maxillary central incisor in both the primary and the permanent dentition is a rare phenomenon. Attempts to explain the etiology of this condition included "fusion across the midline", "conation" and "double tooth". Three cases are presented with morphologically normal single incisors in the permanent dentition, and evidence of single central incisors in the primary dentition. Agenesis seems to be the preferred etiologic explanation.

Anodontia↗
PubMed1991

[Phoniatric changes in children aged 3 to 5 years after premature loss of upper incisors].

INTRODUCTION: The main purpose of the study was to detect phoniatric alterations induced by the premature loss of the anterior teeth. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The experimental group was formed by 20 healthy children, between 3 and 5 years, sex independent and with a period of absence of the upper incisors from 3 months to 1 year. The control group was formed by 20 healthy children between 3 and 5 years, sex independent and with total integrity of the upper anterior segment. Both groups were tested by a phoniatrician using the Test for Phoniatric Evaluation in Pediatrics (TPEP). RESULTS: The results were that patients with premature loss of the upper incisors presented phoniatric alterations in the 67% (6) of the girls and 100% (14) of the boys. The control group presented alterations in the 46% (8) of the girls and 54% (12) of the boys. CONCLUSIONS: Although both groups presented more boys than girls, analyzing the incidence of phoniatric alterations with X2, the results were that boys presented more alterations. The premature loss of the upper incisors is a predisposing factor for phoniatric alterations. Time elapsed from the loss of these teeth is directly proportional to the type of the language problem produced.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Incisors crossbite correction with spring inclined plane appliance: principles and procedures].

The spring inclined plane is one of the removable appliances that can be used to correct incisors crossbite which is designed for the early treatment period. In order to prevent skeletal malocclusion and reestablish proper muscle balance. The appliance is very simple which composes of clasps on the first molar both sides and spring 0.9 millimetre diameter. This spring was bended as an inclined plane above the lower incisors. The force from this spring will push upper incisors anteriorly. The spring inclined plane is very effective in mixed dentition. Nevertheless this spring is appropriate to use in the patient who can not wear the removeable orthodontic appliance in the upper jaw.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Scanning electron microscopic quantitative study of changes with age in closing pattern of openings of dentinal tubules on worn occlusal surfaces of Japanese permanent mandibular incisors.

Age-related changes in the closing of dentinal tubules of Japanese permanent mandibular incisors were surveyed using a non-destructive replication technique suitable for SEM analysis at the magnifications of up to X3,000. The areas of openings of dentinal tubules on occlusal surfaces decreased significantly between a 20-39-year age group and a 40+ age group, but the number of the openings tended to decrease. Heavy toothwear on occlusal surfaces of these Japanese permanent incisors was evident even at 27 years of age. A subject of 30 years of age showed surprisingly small number of the opening of dentinal tubules on occlusal surface. The occlusal surfaces became smoother in 40-59-year age group as closure of dentinal tubules of openings increased. Early heavy toothwear and early closure of the openings of dentinal tubules may be related to Japanese ethnic diet such as dried hard sardines whole which contain hard bones. Japanese often crush shells of crabs and shrimp with their incisors and canines as they eat.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Orthodontic effects of tooth injury to the permanent and temporary incisors of children and the adolescent [corrected].

Traumatisms on the deciduous upper incisors could induce orthodontic indirect consequences on the permanent germ, dependent on his growth level and his malleability, dependent on connection between the root of deciduous incisor and the crown of permanent germ and according to the type of traumatism. According to those various data, it should be observed on the permanent incisor: germination of two germs, multiple odontoma, crown dilaceration, severe tipping of the crown with facial angulation, retention of the permanent germ with lack of root resorption of the deciduous teeth or simple cross-bite, without speaking of enamel defect.

Child↗
PubMed1990

[Begg mechanics in treatment of congenitally missing lateral incisor].

The maxillary lateral incisors are the most frequently missing teeth after the third molars. The cases with congenitally missing lateral incisors are treated either by orthodontically closing the spaces or by space regaining for prosthetic restorations. Malocclusion is the most effective factor for selecting the treatment method. Besides the characteristics of the malocclusion and interdigitation, the colour, the shape, the size and the position of the canines effect the treatment planning. In particular, Class II Div. 1 and Cl. I anterior crowding cases are the most convenient cases for orthodontically closing the missing lateral spaces. In these cases besides the treatment of the present malocclusion the reshaping of the canines is aimed and these teeth are moved to lateral spaces. In this article the treatment of a Cl. II Div. 1 malocclusion case with congenitally maxillary missing lateral incisor with Begg technique will be presented. The changes and variations of the Begg mechanics applied for this case will be discussed.

Adolescent↗