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At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Umbilical vessel catheterization; the immediate risks with the venous route.

Seven cases of heart arrest or pronounced bradycardia during 308 correct catheterizations of the umbilical vein in the first hours of life are reported. The indications for the catheterization were: 1. unsuccessful catheterization of the umbilical arteries in newborns with respiratory distress or post-asphyxia syndrome; 2. exchange transfusions for severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia or sepsis; 3. monitoring the central vein pressure in severely compromised shocky newborns. Cardiac massage was always effective, at least temporarily, in restoring the heart activity. However, only three infants survived. Two of them had normal follow-up reported at 6 and 12 months respectively. The immediate risks and the necessary precautions for carrying out umbilical vein catheterization in severely ill newborns in the first hours of life are stressed.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMed2006

Immunolocalization of serum proteins in living mouse glomeruli under various hemodynamic conditions by "in vivo cryotechnique".

Distribution of serum proteins in renal glomeruli is important for histopathology in medical and biological fields, but mechanisms of their passage through glomerular capillary loops (GCL) are still difficult to clarify. We have tried to visualize topographical changes of the serum proteins passing through GCL by "in vivo cryotechnique" in combination with immunohistochemistry. Albumin and immunoglobulin G (IgG), Ig kappa light chain and IgG1 heavy chain were mainly immunolocalized in GCL, but not colocalized with zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) under normotensive condition. Under heart-arrest condition and in quick-frozen fresh tissues, albumin and kappa light chain were immunolocalized in Bowman's space, indicating their passage caused by the stoppage of blood supply. However, under acute hypertensive condition, they were more clearly immunolocalized along basement membranes and in the Bowman's space, indicating their increased passage through GCL. IgG was also more clearly localized in mesangial areas under acute hypertension, compared with that under the normotensive or heart-arrest condition. This study is the first direct visualization for glomerular passage of serum proteins under abnormal hemodynamic conditions by the "in vivo cryotechnique", and the experimental protocol will be useful for morphofunctional examination of living mouse GCL and immunohistochemical analyses of dynamically changing proteins.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Effect of passive myocardium on the compliance of porcine coronary arteries.

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of passive myocardium on the coronary arteries under distension and compression. To simulate distension and compression, we placed a diastolic-arrested heart in a Lucite box, where both the intravascular pressure and external (box) pressure were varied independently and expressed as a pressure difference (DeltaP = intravascular pressure - box pressure). The DeltaP-cross-sectional area relationship of the first several generations of porcine coronary arteries and the DeltaP-volume relationship of the coronary arterial tree (vessels >0.5 mm in diameter) were determined using a video densitometric technique in the range of +150 to -150 mmHg. The vasodilated left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery of six KCl-arrested hearts were perfused with iodine and 3% Cab-O-Sil. The intravascular pressure was varied in a triangular pattern, whereas the absolute cross-sectional area of each vessel and the total arterial volume were calculated using video densitometry under different box pressures (0, 50, 100, and 150 mmHg). In the range of positive DeltaP, we found that the compliance of the proximal LAD artery in situ (4.85 +/- 3.8 x 10-3 mm2/mmHg) is smaller than that of the same artery in vitro (16.5 +/- 6 x 10-3 mm2/mmHg; P = 0.009). Hence, the myocardium restricts the compliance of the epicardial artery under distension. In the negative DeltaP range, the LAD artery does not collapse, whereas the same vessel readily collapses when tested in vitro. Hence, we conclude that myocardial tethering prevents collapse of large blood vessel under compression.

Angiography, Digital Subtraction↗
PubMed2006

Application of periodic acid-Schiff fluorescence emission for immunohistochemistry of living mouse renal glomeruli by an "in vivo cryotechnique".

To identify the distribution of endogenous serum proteins in living mouse renal glomeruli under various hemodynamic conditions, we used the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and its fluorescence emission as a marker for the glomerular basement membrane (GBM). The immunostaining for collagen type IV was hardly observed without microwave treatment in specimens prepared by an "in vivo cryotechnique". However, PAS staining and its fluorescence emission could be clearly visualized at the GBM with the "in vivo cryotechnique". Under normotensive conditions, immunoreaction products of albumin and immunoglobulin G heavy and light chains (IgG(H+L)) were localized within glomerular capillary loops (GCL) but not colocalized with the PAS fluorescence emission of the GBM. Under heart-arrest conditions and with quick-freezing of resected tissues, albumin, IgG (H+L), immunoglobulin kappa light chain, and IgG1 heavy chain (IgG1) were immunolocalized within the GCL and mesangial areas, but only albumin and the kappa light chain were additionally immunolocalized in Bowman's space, indicating their passage through the GBM. Under acute hypertensive conditions, both albumin and the kappa light chain, but not IgG1, were clearly immunolocalized along the GBM and in the Bowman's space, indicating their increased passage through the GBM. The overlapping areas of PAS fluorescence emission and the albumin or kappa light chain appeared to be larger with quick-freezing and under the heart arrest or acute hypertensive conditions than under normal circulation, whereas those of PAS emission and IgG1 did not differ among these conditions. The serum proteins passing through the GBM were clearly visualized with the "in vivo cryotechnique", immunofluorescence staining, and PAS fluorescence emission.

Albumins↗
PubMed2002

Aprotinin mediated antioxidant effect in Cardiosurgery with mechanical cardiorespiratory support (CMCS).

BACKGROUND: Aprotinin has been used in cardiosurgery as a hemostatic agent. Considering the implication of oxygen reactive species and proteases in the pathogenesis of Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, we hypothesized that aprotinin may exert an antioxidant effect. This work was designed to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of aprotinin in vitro and in vivo in child patients undergoing cardiosurgery with mechanical cardiorespiratory support. METHODS: Colorimetric techniques and chemiluminiscent emission assays. A blind controlled clinical trial was performed with a control (G-1, n=14, without aprotinin) and treated with aprotinin (G-2, n=12) groups (both assessed by medical decision) of child patients undergoing cardiosurgery with mechanical cardiorespiratory support. Blood samples were taken at: T-0 (induction of anesthesia), T-1 (10 minutes after begining of perfusion), T-2 (5 minutes after anoxic heart arrest), T-3 (ending operation) and T-4 (24 hours after operation). RESULTS: We proved that aprotinin has no hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion nor H2O2 scavenger capacity as well as its capacity for inhibiting in vitro activated-leukocyte chemiluminiscence. Malonildialdehyde levels were higher in G-1 than G-2 with the greatest difference at T-2 (7.2+/-3.6 nmol/ml in G-1 vs 4+/-1.65 in G-2). Phospholipase A2 activity showed a tendency of higher values in G-1 than G-2 although there was no statistical significance. Uric acid concentration was greater in G-2 at T-1, T-2, T-3 and T-4 than G-1 and catalase activity was higher in G-2 at T-0, T-2 and T-3 than G-1 with noteworthy difference only at 5 minutes after anoxic heart arrest. Low cardiac output, arrhythmias and sudden death in the early postoperative phase were less frequent in the treated group. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that aprotinin exerts a primary antioxidant activity and its protective effects in cardiosurgery seem to be associated with reduction of systemic oxidative stress.

Antioxidants↗