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At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Correlation between chewing and smoking habits and precancerous lesions in hill tribes of northern Thailand.

In a field study, 1866 people from different hill tribes (Lahu, Karen, Lisu and Meo) of northern Thailand and a group of rural Thai were examined for chewing, smoking and drinking habits and precancerous lesions of the oral mucosa. Traditional chewing and smoking habits were more prevalent among older people; cigarette smoking, in contrast, was more prevalent in younger and middle-aged individuals. Preleukoplakia was observed in 1.8%, leukoplakia in 1.1% and chewer's mucosa in 13.1% of the study population. Men and older patients were affected more frequently; chewer's mucosa was seen more often in women (Karen, Thai). A correlation between precancerous lesions and some oral habits could be demonstrated statistically.

Female↗
PubMed1986

[Verification of smoking habits in group studies by anamnesis or determination of serum thiocyanate level?].

In an unselected series of 336 patients of our clinic for occupational diseases a standardized questionnaire on respiratory symptoms and measurements of lung function (spirometry, body plethysmography, flow-volume-curve) were used to study the relations of these results to smoking habits evaluated by questionnaire or thiocyanate level. Statistical elaboration revealed closer connections between anamnestic data on smoking habits and respiratory impairment than between the latter and thiocyanate level. In conclusion anamnestic data on smoking habits are more reliable than thiocyanate measurements in occupational field studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Effects of maternal smoking and caffeine habits on infantile apnea: a retrospective study.

To evaluate the relationship of antecedent maternal smoking and caffeine consumption habits on the occurrence of apnea in their offspring, rates for central and obstructive apnea were analyzed in a cohort of mother-infant pairs. The mothers of 298 infants with apnea responded to a questionnaire completed prior to a nine-hour polysomnogram performed as part of the patients' evaluations. Cigarette consumption estimates were computed on a 20-cigarette per pack basis, and caffeine intake, based on dietary sources (coffee, tea, chocolate, and colas), was summarized as milligrams of caffeine consumed per day. Rates of central and obstructive apnea of 6 to 10 seconds in duration were calculated. Multiple linear regression analysis determined that smokers tended to be younger and have lower birth weight infants who presented earlier with apnea than infants of nonsmokers. Increased rates of central apnea occurred in infants of smokers as compared with infants of nonsmokers. During pregnancy, a pack per day increase in maternal smoking habit was associated with a 1.88/h increase in central apneas in their offspring (P less than .01). Maternal smoking after delivery had a similar relationship. Obstructive apnea rates were similar in both groups. Both central and obstructive apnea rates associated positively with increasing maternal caffeine consumption. Smoking habits and caffeine ingestion were correlated (P less than .01). Infants with apnea have greater rates of central apnea when their mothers smoke during pregnancy. Therefore, a history of nicotine consumption should be included in the medical history of infants presenting with apnea.

Apnea↗
PubMed1986

[Dietary habits among smokers].

Differences in dietary habits between smokers and non-smokers were examined, using the data of well-designed case-control study of colon cancer. Smokers took much more coffee, beef and sake than non-smokers, and smokers tended to take meals irregularly. These dietary habits showed dose-response relationship in the amount of smoking. Odds ratio of proportion of smokers with the above four factors to those without any factors was 10.5, and those with two or three factors were 2-6. These results suggest that the interaction of smoking and dietary habits should be analysed in epidemiological study on cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Ecological approach to the eating habits and the cancer mortality of Brazilian people].

Brazil is very big country that is located from tropical (north) to temperate (south) zone. There are very big differences not only on the eating habit but also on the death rate from cancer. People living in the south, takes much meat and milk, and has high mortality rate from cancer, and in the north, people takes vegetable foods and the cancer death rate is very low. Eating habit of the people, both Japanese and Brazilian, living in Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina, the south of Brazil, were surveyed and the transition of the cancer death rates were also discussed. The south Brazilian people have very high mortality from esophagus cancer which may be related with very hot maté-tea drinking, and very low mortality from colon cancer, even though their heavy consumption of meat and milk. Breast cancer was the first cause of cancer death in women. Relationships between colon cancer mortality and the eating habit of the south Brazilian people is the most interesting epidemiological problem.

Brazil↗
PubMed1979

Attitudes and food habits--a review.

The inadequacy of a definition of attitudinal terms has complicated the interpretation of many food habit studies. This review has focused on the multidimensional character of the word "attitude" as an aid to gaining insight into food habit development and change. The five definitional categories presented (attitudes as preferences, as overt food behavior, as willingness or ability to change, as agreement among family members, and as complexity of meanings) do not preclude other definitions. Knowledge of attitude studies can foster understanding of the link between nutritional knowledge and actual behavior, as well as help practitioners to be more effective in formulating objectives and developing techniques for nutrition education. The various dimensions and meanings of attitudes indicate the need for continued research to clarify the effect of well defined attitude variables on food habits.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1973

Report on smoking habits of Winnipeg school children: 1960-1968.

A third survey of the smoking habits of all the students in the Winnipeg School Division from grades 5 to 12 has been completed. The three surveys cover a period of eight years and show an increase in smoking at all grade levels in both sexes. The increase is most marked in the girls and in both sexes it is most marked at the elementary school level, indicating an earlier onset of the habit of smoking. These studies indicate that present efforts to reduce the smoking habit are ineffective at the school level.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Dissociation and consolidation of a motor habit in different emotional states].

Complex motor habit (swimming in breast stroke style) revealed dissociation of the inner (electromyography) and ambient (chronogram of swimming) structure in conditions of emotional tension and fatigue. Some emotional states, however, induced consolidation of the habit due to the range of sportsmen and their psychological readiness for competition. The variety of emotional states seems to induce a variety of effects on the inner and ambient structures of the formed motor habit.

Competitive Behavior↗
PubMed1977

Comparative morphology of the visual system of some Japanese species of Soricoidea (Superfamily) in relation to leif habits.

In some species of Japanese Soricoidea, Sorex shinto, Mogera wogura wogura, Mogera wogura kobeae, Dymecodon pilirostris, and Urotrichus talpoides, the cytoarchitecture of the eyeball and its accessory organs, the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus, the superior colliculus, the lateral posterior nucleus of the thalamus and the visual cortex were investigated in correlation with life habits. In Sorex, living preominantly on the ground, there is a duct-like palpebral fissure, and most of the parts of the visual system are well developed in adaptation to its life habits. In the almost completely fossorial moles, no palpebral fissure is recognized, and the visual system is less developed owing to adaptation to their habits. In the semifossorial shrew-moles. Dymecodon and Urotrichus, the features of the eyeball and the visual system in the brain are intermediate between those of the Sorex and Mogera group. Furthermore, taking account of the visual system of certain species from other orders, it is assumed that the cytoarchitecture of the visual system is dependent more upon the ecological niche than on systematics.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Influences on the food habits of some ethnic minorities in the United Kingdom.

The current research findings of the authors, together with those recently published by other workers in related fields, are reviewed. The groups discussed have been selected, either because detailed studies have been made on them, or because their food habits are sufficiently different from the majority of the population to attract attention, or create problems for them in areas like school meals, hospital catering and other non-domestic feeding situations. Many case studies on minority ethnic groups have been concerned with the social, structural and economic patterns of these communities. Knowing how these patterns have influenced the ethnic identity in some cases, it is thought that we can extrapolate from the strength of the social cohesion of a group to the possible strength of the group's traditional food habits. The emphasis of this review is on the strength of traditional food habits in a different cultural environment, and the factors which contribute to this strength. It is felt that all those involved in providing meals in institutions where ethnic minorities are likely to be present, should have a fundamental understanding of the rationale behind a minority's acceptance or non-acceptance of particular foods. It is also thought that this kind of knowledge should be made available to teachers, social workers, health visitors, dietitians and general medical practitioners, enabling these professionals to understand better the mores which govern the food and nutrition of ethnic minority groups in the UK.

Africa, Eastern↗
PubMed1984

Dietary habits and health risks in Swedish children.

Childhood dietary habits associated with short- or long-term health risks have been studied cross-sectionally in 738 Swedish children aged 4, 8 and 13 years. Dietary information was obtained from 7-d records in the 4- and 8-year-old groups and from dietary history interviews in the 13-year-old group. The dietary intake of sodium, fats and energy as well as the dietary habits of overweight and normal-weight children were analysed. The probability of a high diastolic pressure increased with sodium intake and relative weight-for-height in the 8-year-old group. The fat intake was characterized by a high intake of cholesterol and saturated fatty acids and a relatively low P/S (polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acids) ratio. The overall prevalence of overweight (weight-for-height 110.0 to 119.9 per cent of standard) was 11 per cent. The prevalence of obesity (greater than or equal to 120 per cent) was 5 per cent in the 4-year-old group, 3 percent in the 8-year-old group and 11 per cent in the 13-year-old group and also varied with socioeconomic group. The overweight children had an energy intake which, in absolute figures, was equal to that of the normal-weight children. The high prevalence of some of the health-risk-related dietary habits calls for a population approach to prevention.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Do physicians preach what they practice? A study of physicians' health habits and counseling practices.

We examined the relation of physicians' clinical specialty, personal health habits, and health-related beliefs to their practices in counseling about smoking, weight, exercise, and alcohol. We surveyed a random sample of members of a county medical society in selected specialties. Physicians with better personal health habits and more positive attitudes toward counseling counsel a broader range of patients and counsel more aggressively. Surgeons counsel less than nonsurgeons, even after controlling for differences in health-related attitudes and personal habits.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1983

Prevalence of crossbite among children with prolonged dummy- and finger-sucking habit.

The prevalence of crossbite was determined among 252 children with prolonged finger-sucking habit and 31 children with prolonged dummy-sucking habit. The prevalence of crossbite in both groups was within the values regarded in the literature as normal for the age group. An analysis was also made of 289 patients registered for orthodontic treatment. An elevated prevalence of crossbite was not recorded, either, among children with dummy- or finger-sucking habit in this group of patients.

Child↗
PubMed1983

[Smoking habits of students in the 9th to 11th grades in a regional district].

Among 769 pupils of the 9th to the 12th classes 77% of them had smoked for the first time between the 6th and 16th year of life, being 54% of the boys and 18% of the girls up to the 11th year and 80% and 58% respectively up to the 14th year of life. At the date of the investigation 43% of the pupils smoked and with the same percentage the parents did so. Among the pupils 20% smoked only sometimes, 20% up to 9 cigarettes every day and 3% 10 and more per day. There are sex differences in smoking habits. Boys have their first smoking experience earlier, they would smoke more regularly and more cigarettes with increasing age than girls. But more girls (34%) do smoke already than the mothers (28%). The smoking habit of the pupils is influenced essentially by the smoking habits of the parents, but also by their social position (qualification of the father). The relations between tobacco damage and cancerogenesis are emphasized. Health education for prevention of smoking should be promoted continuously and intensely, at least during school time and it should be referred to the adults, too.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Relationship of personality factors and some social habits to cardiovascular risk in submariners.

Correlational and contingency analytical techniques were used to investigate the relationship between subtest scores on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors in 1000 submariners. Groups of personality traits, both enhancing and protecting against risk of heart disease, were identified in these subjects. Personality trait patterns tending to be least associated with cardiovascular risk are tentatively identified by the three MMPI scales: psychasthenia, schizophrenia, and social introversion. On the other hand, the scales most strongly related to CHD risk in the submariner sample were denial of symptoms as measured by the K-scale, hypochondriasis, and hysteria. While the inherent inaccuracy in the prediction of CHD risk in young healty individuals limits generalization from these findings, the potential utility of the MMPI to assist in risk detection is indicated. Comparisons of cigarette smoking, coffee drinking, and alcohol consumption with personality characteristics identified by the MMPI yielded trait clusters associated with each addictive habit. Cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption tended to correlate with traits positively associated with CHD risk. The correlations between those addictive habits and MMPI subtest scores were most significant for the F-scale, which measures inordinate tendencies to exaggerated emotional symptoms, and for the psychopathic deviate and hypomania scales. Significant negative correlations were found between the amount of coffee consumed and those personality traits negatively associated wit CHD risk. These negative relationships were most significant for the MMPI scales schizophrenia and psychasthenia. Though the relationships were not necessarily construed to be causal, the contrasting modes through which these drug-associated habits appeared to relate to cardiovascular risk lend some support to the assumption that individuals with various specific sets of personality characteristics tend to incorporate these additive behaviors into their behavior repertoire in very different ways.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Bowel habits in Ugandan villagers.

Enquiry has been made into the bowel habit of 1245 rural Africans of Uganda. The range of normal bowel habit in the village African may be defined as between one and four bulky motions daily of stool that is soft or loose in consistency. This confirms the prevailing impressions; however, other aspects of the bowel habit were at variance with current opinion, and similar to findings from surveys of western populations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Smoking habits, alcohol consumption and maximal oxygen uptake.

Maximal oxygen uptake (Vo2max) was measured or estimated in 597 males, aged 16-69. Smoking and drinking habits were also determined in this population. After the influences of age, weight, skinfold thickness, and drinking habits were removed, smokers clearly had decreased Vo2max. Similarly, when the relationships were corrected for age, weight, skinfolds and smoking habits, the heaviest drinkers and the non-drinkers had the lowest, Vo2max and the moderate drinkers had the highest Vo2max, at least in the younger age groups. The same results were found when only those subjects in whom Vo2max was measured (essentially subjects under age 40) were included. Levels of habitual physical activity could not account for these differences.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1995

Health habits of recovering alcoholics.

Heavy drinkers and alcoholics are known to have generally poor health habits in terms of cigarette smoking, seat belt use, diet, and preventive health practices. Little is known, however, about health habits of recovering alcoholics. We analyzed national survey data to describe the health habits of recovering alcoholics compared with heavy drinkers (four or more drinks per day). Recovering alcoholics had a significantly elevated odds of using seat belts regularly and reporting preventive health practices that are known to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. In addition, recovering alcoholics were at significantly decreased odds of being cigarette smokers. Although the cross-sectional data have limitations, they indicate there may be more health benefits in recovery from alcoholism than abstinence alone.

Adolescent↗