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PubMed2002

Abattoir condemnation due to parasitic infections and its economic implications in the region of Trikala, Greece.

The prevalence of parasitic infections responsible for the condemnation of carcasses and viscera during meat inspection, and their economic implication, was estimated in a year long abattoir survey of 10 277 slaughtered farm animals in the region of Trikala, Greece. The organs examined for the presence of parasitic lesions during meat inspection were: liver and lungs of all animals, rumen of cattle, small intestine of lambs and kids, and muscles of cattle and swine. The parasitic lesions observed in the lungs of cattle, sheep and goats were caused only by hydatid cysts. No hydatid cysts were observed in the lungs of swine. The parasitic lesions observed in the liver of cattle, sheep and goats were as a result of hydatid cysts and flukes of Fasciola hepatica and Dicrocoelium dendriticum, while those of swine were due to milk spots only. Moniezia sp. proglottids were found in the small intestine of lambs only. The prevalence of parasites responsible for the condemnation of marketable organs was low (0.26%). Parasites were responsible for 22% of the total of condemned organs, and their annual cost was 99, 00 GDR (approximately 292 Euros). The parasites most contributing to marketable organ condemnation were hydatid cysts (26%) and D. dendriticum flukes (26%).

Abattoirs↗
PubMed1999

Tinea capitis in children in northern Greece during the period 1981-1995.

In our 15 years of investigation in northern Greece, the predominant organism producing tinea capitis in children was found to be the zoophilic Microsporum canis (494 strains) which is a common saprophyte of the hair of pets, especially cats. The high percentage of cases with M. canis (97%), in contrast to zoophilic fungi (3%), is probably due to the increased contact of children with pets. The small number of infections with anthropophilic fungi (41 strains) is attributed to good hygienic conditions. The fluorescence of infected hair under Wood's light seems to be a major diagnostic criterion in the hands of dermatologists who are not served by a mycological laboratory.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Family dynamics of child-bearing families in Athens, Greece: a pilot study.

The purpose of this pilot study was to describe family dynamics in Greek families during the third trimester of a low-risk pregnancy with a first or second child. The description is based on Barnhill's framework for healthy family systems. The sample consisted of families expecting their first or second child. Both mothers (n = 160) and fathers (n = 47) participated in the study. The Family Dynamics Measure and a sociodemographic questionnaire were used in data collection. Data on 160 mothers and 47 couples were analyzed. Fathers perceived their families as having greater stability and role reciprocity than mothers. Fathers also reported clearer communication than mothers. There were no statistically significant relationships among family dynamics dimensions, maternal age and parity. Delayed first-time expectant mothers reported greater flexibility than normative first-time expectant mothers. The results provide some useful clues for prenatal care and also for further family dynamics research in Greece.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Subconjunctival filariasis due to Onchocerca sp. in dogs: report of 23 cases in Greece.

In the present study, we describe a series of 23 cases of ocular subconjunctival parasitic granulomas in dogs, admitted to the Clinic of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece, between 1997 and 2000. The ophthalmic manifestations in all animals were periorbital swelling, discomfort, photophobia, conjunctival congestion, and discharge. A more detailed examination revealed the presence of periocular masses (nodules) on the subconjunctival bulbar space. Granulomatous or cyst-like formations were extracted surgically, and were found to contain thread-like nematode parasites. A histologic and parasitologic examination of tissues and parasites was carried out. Diagnosis of parasitic granulomas was made and the parasite was identified as Onchocerca sp. This is the largest series of cases reported of aberrant Onchocerca infections in dogs coming from one geographic location.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Leukoplakia and intraoral malignancies: female cases increase in Greece.

UNLABELLED: In the developed world, intraoral malignancies are more frequent in males than females. Recent observations from Greece suggest that the number of females is increasing. AIM: The present study investigates gender and age statistics among subjects with cancers of the mouth or leukoplakia. METHODS: Five hundred and twelve subjects of Greek origin participated in this analysis. Chi-square and logistic regression statistics were used to compare if there are differences in participants' gender and age, stratified by histological type. RESULTS: Epithelial cancers and leukoplakia exhibited equal distributions among men and women. Men were diagnosed at a much younger age than women. Our data also indicates a progression in the process of epithelial cancer development, as benign leukoplakia was diagnosed 2-4 years earlier than epithelial dysplasia and 8 years earlier than squamous cell carcinoma (SSC). The same age difference was observed in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, although the male to female ratio was 3:1. In regards to anatomy, 47% of SSC appeared in the tongue. The most prevalent site for the development of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was the gingival (50%), followed by the palate (40%). CONCLUSION: Although oral cancer occurs earlier in men than women, the risk of females tends to be similar to that of males.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2002

Transferable plasmid mediating resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in Greece.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the underlying resistance mechanisms in 10 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. METHODS: Ten K. pneumoniae strains according to distinct bacteriocin typing and REP-PCR, were examined for their plasmid content, their ability to transfer their resistance to aminoglycosides and third-generation cephalosporins, and their production of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes and beta-lactamases. RESULTS: Transfer of resistance to the above-mentioned antibiotics as well as to co-trimoxazole and tetracycline in Escherichia coli strain RC 85 at a frequency of 5-106 was achieved for all strains by conjugation. Similar strains harbor a self-transferable multiresistant plasmid (80 kb) with similar EcoRI and HindIII restriction patterns. This plasmid encodes an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase which confers high-level resistance to third-generation cephalosporins and aztreonam. It produces SHV-5 beta-lactamase, as demonstrated by isoelectric focusing and DNA sequencing. Aminoglycoside resistance was co-transferred, and AAC(6')-I, mediating resistance to gentamicin, tobramycin, netilmicin and amikacin, and AAC(3)-I, mediating resistance to gentamicin and sisomycin, were encoded in all isolates and their transconjugants, while APH(3')-I, mediating resistance to kanamycin and neomycin, was encoded in seven strains. CONCLUSIONS: It appears that a multiresistant transferable plasmid encoding the SHV-5 beta-lactamase, causing unusually high resistance to ceftazidime and aztreonam, and the combination AAC(6')-I + AAC(3)-I of acetylating enzymes causing, also resistance to all clinically available aminoglycosides, is established in K. pneumoniae in Greece.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2003

Campylobacter jejuni O:19 serotype-associated Guillain-Barré syndrome in a child: the first case reported from Greece.

We present a case of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) following Campylobacter jejuni HS serotype O:19 infection in a child. Antibodies against C. jejuni and autoantibodies to the peripheral nerve gangliosides GM1 were positive, a pattern correlating well with the existence of an inflammatory neuropathy like GBS. The patient shared the HLA-B35 and HLA-DR8 antigens, which have been found to be increased in GBS patients with previous C. jejuni infection. As this is the first diagnosed C. jejuni-associated GBS case reported from Greece, further clinical and epidemiologic investigations are warranted.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed2003

Multiresistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates in intensive care units in Greece.

One hundred and twenty-one clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii recovered from the intensive care units (ICUs) of nine tertiary-care hospitals in Athens, Greece were studied in order to determine whether the increasing appearance of resistant acinetobacters is due to the spread of epidemic strains. The majority of the isolates exhibited resistance to ampicillin-sulbactam, and the most common antibiotic resistance profiles comprised resistance to nine and eight of the 11 potentially active antibiotics tested, respectively. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed that 68% of the isolates, recovered from all ICUs, belonged to two clonal groups, indicating inter-hospital dissemination of multiresistant A. baumannii in our region.

Acinetobacter Infections↗
PubMed1986

[Study of communities of Monogenea Dactylogyridae parasites of the Cyprinidae in Lake Mikri Prespa (northern Greece). Description of 3 new species from an endemic Barbus: Barbus cyclolepis prespensis Karaman, 1924].

In this paper are described 17 species of Monogenea Dactylogyridae, parasites of Cyprinidae from lake Mikri Prespa, in Greece: 14 species have been already reported in mediterranean region; 3 new species have been harvested on an endemic Barbus, B. cyclolepis prespensis, Dactylogyrus balkanicus n. sp., Dactylogyrus crivellius n. sp., Dactylogyrus prespensis n. sp. For these communities of Dactylogyrus, we discuss some problems of parasite specificity, speciation and biogeography. From the morphological types, we suggest for D. crivellius and D. prespensis an allopatric speciation and for D. balkanicus, a synxenic sympatric speciation.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Magnitude, determinants and impact of under-reporting of energy intake in a cohort study in Greece.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the frequency and the determinants of under-reporting in a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire used in the Greek segment of the European Prospective Study on Nutrition, Cancer and Health (EPIC study). DESIGN: A food frequency questionnaire was completed by 9262 adult men and women. The questions included in this questionnaire covered the average intake of approximately 150 food items and beverages over 1 year. Evaluation of under-reporting was conducted on an individual basis taking into account the expected daily variation of nutritional intakes during the time period of recording. Individuals whose energy intake was lower than 1.14*BMR (basal metabolic rate) were defined as under-reporters. SETTING: Urban and rural population of Greece. RESULTS: The data indicated underestimation of energy intake by 11.8% of individuals enrolled. Results from a logistic regression model indicated that body mass index (BMI), gender, age and educational level were significant predictors of under-reporting. The proportion of overweight participants (BMI >30) who tend to under-report energy intake was more than twice that of normal-weight individuals. Men were significantly more prone to under-reporting compared to women, while low education individuals under-report more often than others. Exclusion of under-reporters generated, as expected, mean nutrient values that were significantly higher (by about 6%) than those derived from the total number of participants. When the nutrient values were energy-adjusted, however, or were expressed as percentages of energy intake for macronutrients or as nutrient densities for micronutrients, the emerging differences were minimal and generally statistically not significant. CONCLUSIONS: Under-reporting does exist and it is more extensive among men, those with low education levels and the overweight participants. Adjustment for energy intake minimizes the bias generated by under-reporting with respect to particular nutrients and their association with various disease outcomes in the cohort.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Leishmaniasis in Greece II. Isolation and identification of the parasite causing cutaneous leishmaniasis in man.

The serological and biochemical identity of four Greek leishmanial strains isolated from cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis was determined. All four strains were identical and shown to be Leishmania tropica (formerly L. t. minor). The cases are described; two came from the Greek mainland and two from Greek islands, one of the latter being a case of leishmaniasis recidivans. The significance of the results is discussed, in particular the co-existence in Greece of strains of L. tropica and L. donovani infantum.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Transmission cycle of murine typhus in Greece.

A field study, based on a follow up of the 49 human cases of the disease that occurred on the island of Evia in 1985, has established the transmission cycle of murine typhus in Greece for the first time. In 1993, two types of traps were used to catch 53 rats, all of them Rattus norvegicus, in the localities where the cases had occurred. Some 300 fleas, all of them probably Xenopsylla cheopis, and a few ticks and mites were collected from the rats. Eight of the fleas were found positive for Rickettsia typhi by PCR and anti-R. typhi antibodies were found in the sera of 48 (91%) of the rats at titres between 1:8 and 1:524,288 and in 22 (42%) at titres > 1:256. The commensal rat population in the general area of study was both ubiquitous and abundant. Murine typhus is obviously endemic in the area and probably of much greater public health significance than the number of reported cases indicates.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The development of reactions of the public to warning and emergency situations in France, Greece, and the Netherlands.

This article describes the different reactions to emergency warning messages among residents living within a 3-km radius of a hazardous chemical complex and by people living at least 10 km from an industrial site in France, Greece, and the Netherlands. Belief in warning, primary and secondary appraisal, emotional response, and adherence to normal routine were assessed by conducting face-to-face interviews in which a four-phase scenario simulating a credible industrial accident was presented. The results showed that respondents who did not reside in the neighborhood of the hazardous site were, in general, more inclined to trust the warning messages than respondents who resided in the neighborhood were. With the exception of primary appraisal, the warning phases evoked very distinct reactions in the respondents from all three countries with regard to warning belief, secondary appraisal, emotional response, and adherence to normal routine.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Shigellosis of childhood in northern Greece: epidemiological, clinical and laboratory data of hospitalized patients during the period 1971-96.

The aim of this study was to evaluate epidemiological, clinical and laboratory data of shigellosis in children from northern Greece, hospitalized in our department during the period 1971-96. In total, 422 cases of shigellosis, aged 1 month to 14 y (238M, 184F) were hospitalized during the study period. The annual distribution was approximately stable until 1990, the mean number of cases per year being about 20. During the last 4 y the incidence significantly decreased. Shigella was serotyped in 138/422 cases. Seventy six of the strains were S. flexneri (55%) and 56 S. sonnei (40%). In the majority of cases the clinical picture was mild. Severe dehydration was seen in only 6 patients. Ninety four patients (22%) had extra-intestinal manifestations. Most common of these were convulsions (16%) and, less frequently, disturbances of consciousness (n = 26), rash (n = 9), shock and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (n = 2), nerve paralysis (n = 2), severe anaemia (n = 2) and haemolytic-uraemic syndrome (n = 1). Nine patients had acute encephalopathy of 12 h to 12 d duration. It is important to note that all these cases recovered completely with no residual neurological deficit, except for 1 girl who developed temporal epilepsy 8 y later. Spinal fluid was normal in all 42 examined patients. Antibiotics were given to 212 of 422 patients, mainly during the first half of the study period. Shigella resistance to antibiotic was significant for cotrimoxazole (24%) and ampicillin (16%). All patients were cured. Shigellosis is a mild disease in our area, with a decreasing prevalence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Epidemiology of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b infections among children in Greece before the introduction of immunization.

We prospectively examined the epidemiology of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) infections among children under 5 y of age in the Greater Athens area before the introduction of immunization. The annual incidence of systemic Hib infections was 12/100000. Meningitis was the most common clinical entity and accounted for 69% of the cases. In the prevaccine era, the incidence of systemic Hib disease, particularly that of meningitis, was much lower in Greece compared to rates reported from Northern and Central Europe.

Bacteremia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Haoma-Soma in the world of ancient Greece.

Evidence of the worship of (nonalcoholic) Haoma-Soma in Iran and India (identified by Wasson as Amanita muscaria) can be found in Greece and its neighboring lands. While Iranian and India peoples preserved their original worship in their final settlements, Indo-European tribes, including the Thracians, the Phrygians, and the Greeks, after settling in Europe and Asia Minor, abandoned their ancestral worship of Soma (Sabazios) and substituted the Semitic (alcoholic) Dionysos. However, they retained traces of the original Soma worship in Dionysiac rituals. This modified Dionysiac worship spread throughout the Western world. Six formal criteria are used to establish the identify of Soma with Dionysos (Sabazios): (1) both cults had the same aim (to cause ecstatic behavior); (2) both cults required the attainment of the same spiritual state (purity); (3) both cults had an idiosyncratic myth in common; (4) both cults showed the identical word root in the name of the worshipped god; (5) both cults had identical zoological and botanical associations with their god; and (6) the alcoholic god (Dionysos) was depicted as having the same physical effects on human beings as that of the ancient nonalcoholic god (Soma).

Greece, Ancient↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Complement polymorphism in Greece.

The polymorphisms of the complement components C2, C3, C4 and BF have been studied in a sample of 166 unrelated individuals from Northern Greece. The C3*F and BF*F allele frequencies of Greeks are within the range of frequencies reported from Europe. A single individual with a rare heterozygote variant C2C/C2A was found in Greeks. This C2*A allele was found for the first time in European Caucasoids. For the C4 system six different alleles were found at both C4A and C4B loci. There were a low frequency of the null alleles at the C4A locus and a relatively high incidence of gene duplications in this system.

Complement C2↗