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PubMed1991

Effect of nitrofurans on duodenal ulceration induced by cysteamine or indometacin.

The present experiments examined the protective effect of the nitrofuran drugs, furazolidone (FZ) and nitrofurazone (NF), on duodenal ulceration induced by cysteamine or indometacin in rats. FZ at oral doses of 25, 50 or 100 mg/kg for 2 consecutive days signficantly reduced, in a dose-dependent manner, the incidence and extent of cysteamine-induced ulceration. However, oral NF (100 mg/kg) given for 2 consecutive days had no significant effect on duodenal ulceration. The duodenal mucus content of rats was not significantly affected by either FZ or cysteamine treatments. FZ at an oral dose of 100 mg/kg for 2 consecutive days significantly reduced the incidence and extent of indometacin-induced ulceration. Smaller doses of 25 or 50 mg/kg had no significant effects.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Differences in cardioprotective efficacy of adrenergic receptor antagonists and Ca2+ channel antagonists in an animal model of dilated cardiomyopathy. Effects on gross morphology, global cardiac function, and twitch force.

Turkey poults fed furazolidone (Fz) in high concentrations (700 ppm) develop dilated cardiomyopathy (Fz-DCM). We tested whether five cardioactive agents were cardioprotective in this model of heart failure, ie, whether they prevented dilatation and wall thinning and improved contractile performance. We compared the effects of chronic administration of a beta 1-selective and a nonselective beta-receptor antagonist, an alpha-receptor antagonist, and two Ca2+ channel antagonists in the presence of Fz administration. The greatest cardioprotection was found with treatment with either propranolol or nifedipine. At the gross morphological level, the effect of propranolol (a nonselective beta-adrenergic antagonist) was greater than the effect of atenolol (a selective beta 1-adrenergic antagonist), and the effect of nifedipine was greater than that of verapamil (Ca2+ channel antagonists), with all agents more cardioprotective than phenoxybenzamine (an alpha 1-adrenergic > alpha 2-adrenergic antagonist). Differences in cardioprotective efficacy of each agent increased with increased concentration. These data indicate that the dose and choice of a specific type of Ca2+ channel antagonist or beta-receptor antagonist might be important in the treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy. All agents that were cardioprotective caused similar functional improvements at both the whole heart and isolated muscle levels. Compared with control animals, Fz-DCM animals showed a significant reduction in peak left ventricular (LV) developed pressure (92 +/- 17 versus 143 +/- 24 mm Hg, P < .05), +dP/dt (1151 +/- 219 versus 2454 +/- 549 mm Hg/s), and -dP/dt (1128 +/- 291 versus 1875 +/- 396 mm Hg/s), with a significant increase in LV end-diastolic volumes (2.8 +/- 0.7 versus 0.16 +/- 0.1 mL for control animals, P < .05). In contradistinction, LV + dP/dt and -dP/dt values for animals receiving Fz plus a cardioactive agent that demonstrated cardioprotection were not significantly different from control values. Peak LV developed pressures were also similar for Fz animals receiving an agent that demonstrated cardioprotection and control animals not receiving any pharmacologic agent. Isolated muscles from Fz-DCM animals as well as animals receiving Fz plus cardioprotective pharmacologic agents responded normally with regard to increasing extracellular Ca2+ concentrations. Peak twitch forces were greater for animals receiving cardioprotective agents plus Fz than control animals not receiving any pharmacologic agents or Fz alone. At higher stimulation rates, Fz-DCM muscles demonstrated a significantly reduced peak twitch force (4 +/- 0.5 versus 1.5 +/- 0.4 g/mm2 for control muscles versus Fz-DCM muscles, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Decreased energy reserve in an animal model of dilated cardiomyopathy. Relationship to contractile performance.

An animal model was used to test the hypothesis that in heart failure the decrease in the ability to resynthesize ATP through the creatine kinase (CK) reaction (which we call energy reserve) contributes to the inability of the heart to maintain its normal function and contractile reserve. One-week-old turkey poults were fed furazolidone for 14 days to induce dilated cardiomyopathy. Isolated Langendorff-perfused hearts from these myopathic animals showed a 73% decrease in baseline isovolumic contractile performance. Neither increasing [Ca2+]o nor electrical pacing rate increased isovolumic contractile performance. Measured by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance magnetization transfer and chemical assay, ATP concentration was decreased by 23%, phosphocreatine concentration by 42%, CK enzyme activity by 34%, and the pseudo first-order rate constant for the CK reaction by 50%. Measured CK reaction velocity decreased by 71%. The reduced ability to increase cardiac performance in response to increasing [Ca2+]o in hearts with lower CK reaction velocity was reproduced in part by feeding a separate group of turkey poults beta-guanidino-propionic acid to specifically reduce CK reaction velocity by decreasing guanidino substrate concentration. These hearts had normal baseline performance but blunted contractile reserve. These observations provide further support for the hypothesis that a decrease in energy reserve via the CK system contributes to reduced cardiac function in the failing heart.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1990

[Selective medium for Corynebacterium kutscheri and localization of the organism in mice and rats].

A new selective medium for isolation of Corynebacterium kutscheri (CK) from animals suffering subclinical infection was made by adding furazolidone, nalidixic acid and corimycin to the heart infusion agar base, this being named FNC agar. The FNC agar inhibited the growth of gram-negative rods, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus sp. and gram-positive cocci but did not affect the growth of CK. When this medium was used to isolate CK from the oral cavity and cecal contents of mice and rats, two of 6 conventional mouse colonies and three of 8 conventional rat colonies were found to be infected, with isolation of the organism from 19 mice and 12 rats in total. The animals showed neither clinical signs nor lesions, but the antibody was positive in 11 mice and 10 rats. In mice and rats inoculated orally with 4 x 10(8) and 1 x 10(9) organisms, respectively, CK was isolated for 20 weeks post-inoculation by use FNC agar. The isolation rate of the organism was the highest in the oral cavities of both inoculated mice and rats, and also in the submaxillary lymph nodes of the inoculated rats. The organism was also recovered from the cecal contents of more than half of the inoculated mice and rats. Thus, it was considered that FNC agar was useful in isolating CK from the oral cavity and cecal contents of mice and rats with subclinical infection of the organism.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Duodenal ulcer and eradication of Helicobacter pylori in a developing country. An 18-month follow-up study.

Forty-eight patients with endoscopically proven duodenal ulcer (DU) and Helicobacter pylori infection detected by 14C-urea breath test (BT) were assigned to 5 days of treatment with furazolidone, metronidazole, and amoxicillin in addition to eventual classical anti-ulcer agents if necessary. Clinical evaluation and BT were repeated at 2, 6, and 18 months after therapy to determine H. pylori eradication or reinfection. Endoscopy was also repeated at 6 and 18 months after treatment to detect DU relapse. In 29 (60%) patients H. pylori had been eradicated at 2 months after therapy, and in 19 (40%) infection persisted. After successful eradication, 6 of 29 (20.7%) were reinfected. All 24 patients who were negative at the 18-month evaluation were asymptomatic, free of anti-ulcer drugs, and with healed ulcers, whereas among the 19 positive patients followed up, 11 (57%) continued to be symptomatic and still using anti-ulcer agents (p less than 0.010), and 10 (53%) showed active ulcers at endoscopy (p less than 0.010). H. pylori eradication is clearly followed by long-term remission of DU. Reinfection may be an additional problem in treating DU patients in developing countries.

Amoxicillin↗
PubMed1989

The use of porcine hepatocytes for biotransformation studies of veterinary drugs.

1. Cultures of porcine hepatocytes with high viability were isolated from a liver sample by a simple procedure. In ageing monolayer cultures the cytochrome P-450 content and 7-ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylase activity decreased gradually while glutathione levels increased. 2. The nitrofuran, furazolidone, was rapidly metabolized, partly resulting in the formation of 3-(4-cyano-2-oxobutylidene amino)-2-oxazolidone. 3. Acetylating and deacetylating activities towards sulphadimidine and its N4-acetyl metabolite were present in porcine hepatocytes. Relative and absolute levels of these activities varied in different batches of hepatocytes. 4. No differences were seen in a number of enzyme activities measured in cytosolic and microsomal fractions isolated from different lobes of one liver. Differences between livers from different animals were marked.

7-Alkoxycoumarin O-Dealkylase↗
PubMed1991

Electrochemical studies of nitroheterocyclic compounds of biological interest. VII. Effect of electrode material.

The electrochemical behaviour of three nitrofuran compounds, nitrofurazone, nitrofurantoin and furazolidone, has been studied in three solvent types; aprotic, aqueous and mixed, and at four working electrodes. Particular attention has focused on the 1-electron RNO2/RNO2.- couple as measured by the cyclic voltammetric mode. Using Hg in aqueous buffer, reduction of the NO2 group proceeds directly to the hydroxylamine with no intermediate stages being identified. Addition of an aprotic solvent gave a 2-stage reduction, initially forming the RNO2.- species. At all solid electrodes, however, the RNO2/RNO2.- couple was identified under simple aqueous conditions. The switch to a mixed aqueous/aprotic solvent medium produced only minor changes in the response compared with the situation on Hg. This presents the opportunity of using nitrofuran complexes as model systems for the redox behaviour of nitro aromatic compounds in general at solid electrode surfaces where the latters' more negative reduction potentials makes direct study difficult. The conditions have been defined whereby we can examine pH effects and RNO2.- biological target interactions in simple aqueous media to allow the further refinement of the electrolytic model system for studying bio-reducible drug action.

Carbon↗
PubMed1998

[The efficacy of Intetrix in the combined treatment of patients with shigelloses].

Efficacy was studied of Intetrix in the treatment of acute Sonnei's shigellosis and Flexner's shigellosis in 32 patients presenting with mild and moderately severe course of their illness. The Intretrix group patients fared better compared with controls who received furazolidon as an etiotropic drug, with the duration of intoxication symptoms getting shorter, abdominal pains and diarrhea subsiding. Intetrix tended to be associated with a lower incidence of unfavourable outcomes, both immediate and remote ones. The data obtained show expediency of treatment with Intetrix of patients with shigelloses running a mild or moderately severe course.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Influence of restrictive use of antibiotics on the development of drug resistance in intestinal Escherichia coli from pigs (author's transl)].

A retrospective investigation into the drug resistance pattern of intestinal E. coli was carried out in 17 closely monitored herds in order to evaluate a possible influence of an improved diagnostic and a restrictive use of antibiotics in swine herds. The herds participated from October, 1970, in an investigation of preweaning mortality and morbidity, and during a two-year investigation period antibiotics were only used when therapeutically indicated. Sensitivity tests were regularly performed on the intestinal flora from post mortem examined pigs from the herds and the results forwarded to the local veterinarians. A total of 443 E. Coli strains were isolated in pure or almost pure culture from the jejunum of post mortem examined pigs and tested for sensitivity, using the following antibiotics: streptomycin, compound sulphonamide, neomycin, oxytetracycline, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, furazolidone, and ampicillin. During the investigation period, the frequency of isolated multiresistant E. coli strains decreazed from 67.7 per cent to 9.5 per cent and the number of strains without antibiotic resistance increased from 3.0 per cent to 36.2 per cent (Table I; Fig. 1). Herds were divided into 3 groups according to different intensity of antibiotic administration and to closed or open management system (Table II). The most pronounced decrease in the number of multiresistant E. coli strains (from 64.9 to 2.0 per cent) was observed in Group I, which comprises closed herds with a rapid decrease in the use of antibiotics. In Group II, which comprises semi-closed herds with a decreasing, but in the last year of the investigation still frequent use of antibiotics, a somewhat slower decrease of the number of multiresistant strains to a level of 12.1 per cent was observed. The number of strains without resistance increased to approximately the same level as in Group I. In Group III, which comprises open herds with infrequent use of antibiotics, the incidence of resistant E. coli strains fluctuated (Table III; Fig. 2). The resistance was proved transferable in 60.5 per cent of the examined resistant strains. The frequency of transferability did not show any significant change during the investigation period (Table IV). The most frequently encountered resistance determinants were: sulphonamide (97 per cent), streptomycin (40 per cent), and oxytetracycline (34 per cent). Only resistance against sulphonamide, streptomycin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol was proved transferable (Table V). It is concluded that it is possible to obtain a simultaneous reduction of induced antibiotic resistance of intestinal E. coli and of enteric diseases in sucking pigs in commercial herds, by adjustment of management and rational use of antibiotics based on improved diagnostic including in vitro sensitivity tests.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1975

[Methods of treatment of puerperal endometritis in cows].

Tested were two drug combinations for the treatment of a total of 111 cows affected postpartum with acute endometritis. The cows showed equal values in terms of age, annual milk yield, tending and feeding. The animals were treated via the uterus, three times at the interval of 48 hours. Used were antibiotics in combination with other therapeutic means. The first combination used included: furaccillin 1g, furazolidon 0,5 g, kanamicyn 1 g, penicillin 1 g, citric acid 5 g, and trivitaminol 80 cu. cm. Its use contributed to a 76.3 per cent conception rate within the limits of an 80-day service period, and a 56.2 per cent conception rate at first insemination. The second combination consisted of tetracycline 0.5 g, norsulfasol 5 g, pepsin 3 g, citric acid 5 g, and trivitaminol 80 cu. cm. In this case the conception rate obtained was 47.4 per cent and 28.9 per cent, respectively. The cows treated with the first combination had a shorter service period (15.9 days shorter), and the insemination index was 0.3 lower as compared with the cows treated with the second combination.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

An outbreak of Eltor cholera in Aizwal town of Mizoram, India.

During the months of May, June and through early part of July 1994, an unusual occurrence of severe dehydrating watery diarrhoea cases and deaths were reported from Aizwal town, the capital of Mizoram, a North-Eastern state of India. Vibrio cholerae 01 biotype Eltor, the causative agent responsible for this outbreak, was isolated from 50.0% of hospitalised cases. The disease affected older children and adults more (52.9%) than younger children below five years of age. Vibrio cholerae 01 strains isolated were uniformly resistant to furazolidone and co-trimoxazole, which are commonly advocated in the treatment of cholera specially in children of developing countries. Emergence of such resistant strain is alarming and is of great public health importance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Giardiasis.

The recent near-epidemic incidence of Giardia lamblia infection in visitors to the Soviet Union illustrates the importance of this intestinal flagellate as a cause of diarrhea in travelers worldwide. Clinical states range from the asymptomatic cyst-passing stage, to the chronic or subacute stage mimicking gallbladder or ulcer disease, to the transient or, rarer, persistent acute stage with steatorrhea and substantial weight loss. Symptoms may be related to IgA deficiency. Secondary lactose intolerance may follow eradication of the parasite. Diagnosis is usually based on repeated stool examinations or examination of duodenal contents. Quinacrine hydrochloride is the most effective treatment, but metronidazole and furazolidone are also useful. Contaminated water is the most likely source of infection.

Feces↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Characterization of Vibrio cholerae eltor in the city of Kazan in 2001].

Information on V. cholerae eltor isolated in the focus of cholera in Kazan in 2001 at different periods of the outbreak is presented. The identity of strains isolated from patients, vibriocarriers and environmental objects, including their antibioticograms (sensitivity to cyprofloxacin and resistance to trimethoprim--sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin, furazolidone and nalidixic acid, which may be regarded as markers), is shown. Variable tandem repetitions in the DNA of 30 isolates strains of different origin have been determined. The results of this determination make it possible to classify all these strains as one genotype, which confirms the suggestion on the circulation of one subclone of the infective agent of cholera in the focus. As revealed in this investigation, the isolated strains are labile with respect to diagnostic phage eltor, while ctx+ strains are resistant to phage eltor ctx+.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2002

[Fromilide (clarithromycin) in eradication of Helicobacter pylori in patients with duodenal ulcer].

The results of two treatment regimes of duodenal ulcer associated with Helicobacter pylori are presented. The patients of the group I were treated with omeprazole, fromilid (clarithromycin) and metronidazole, the patients of the group II were treated with omeprazole, fromilid (clarithromycin) and furazolidone for 7 days. Then patients of both groups were treated with omeprazole for two weeks. Duodenal ulcer healing was registered for all 10 patients in the group I and for 8 patients (of 10 patients) in the group II. Eradication of H. pylori according to rapid urease test and PCR was confirmed for 9 and 4 patients in the group I and for all 10 patients in the group II.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[Effectiveness of the antibacterial therapy of patients with various forms of dysentery].

The analysis of the efficacy of various methods of antibacterial therapy in 1382 patients with obliterated, light and moderately severe forms of dysentery as compared to the patients subjected only to patholgenic therapy showed that broad spectrum antibiotics lost their role in treatment of such patients. Furazolidon proved to be one of the most active drugs. The authors suppose that treatment of patients with obliterated forms of dysentery with antibacterial drugs is not obligatory and is indicated only in cases with repeated isolation of the causative agent.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1958

Trichomonal vaginitis; the problem of chronic or recurring infection.

In general practice and in gynecology, vaginal trichomoniasis is a frequent and troublesome problem. However, the trichomonas vaginalis organism is frequently found in an apparently healthy vagina, indicating that symptoms, recurrences, or exacerbations may depend on local changes in secretions, probably due in part to emotional stress. Therapy must, therefore, include not only the topical use of an effective trichomonacidal drug, but also sympathetic and considerate listening by the physician. The combination of furazolidone and nifuroxime in vaginal suppositories and vaginal insufflation powder was found to be an effective trichomonacidal compound. A total of 56 patients with trichomonal, monilial and nonspecific bacterial vaginitis was treated with this nitrofuran combination with good results. In topical therapy, powders seem more effective, probably because a dry environment is unfavorable to the flagellates. The patient should be instructed to insert two vaginal suppositories daily for the first week, then to decrease the dosage gradually as indicated by the physician after clinical examination and microscopic examination of vaginal secretions each week. Of great importance is the fact that some patients may need long-term maintenance therapy-one or two suppositories weekly-especially if the emotional difficulties appear to be insurmountable.

Candida↗
PubMed1979

[Experimental study of the effectiveness of antibacterial preparations in treating dysentery].

It was found that for successful elaboration of effective schemes for the use of antibacterial drugs in treatment of dysentery it was necessary to exploit various experimental models providing consideration of the drug toxicity and effect on the extra- and intracellular growth of the bacteria in addition to the other factors. The administration of enteroceptol for 3 days followed by furazolidon showed the best therapeutic effect in the treatment of guinea pigs with Shigella keratoconjunctivitis and Syrian hamsters with dysentery. The above drugs had low toxicity which was shown in the experiments with Hep-2 cell cultures. It was concluded that the use of the drugs with different modes of action was advisable in treatment of dysentery.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Is anti-helicobacter therapy a rational approach in treatment of erosive and ulcerous lesions of the gastroduodenal mucosa in patients with inflamatory bowel diseases?].

The study revealed changes in the oesophagogastroduodenal mucosa in 110 patients with IBD; in 60.9% of cases these changes were associated with Helicobacter pylori. 35 patients with IBD were examined to form two groups. The first group (20 patients) received rabeprazol (pariet) in a dose of 20 mg per day; the rest 15 patients were administered 120 mg of de-nol four times a day; amoxicicline and furazolidon were used as additional therapy in cases with Helicobacter pylori. The study showed that successful eradication did not always result in erosion epithelization but, on the contrary, only 40% cases of clinical and endoscopic remission were associated with Helicobacter pylori elimination. These data suggest that anti-helicobacter therapy is not a rational approach in treatment of this category of patients.

2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗