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At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Principles of conventional radiography and fluoroscopy.

Diagnostic radiology is an extremely valuable tool in the practice of veterinary medicine. Basic knowledge of primary exposure factors and their interrelationship are required to consistently produce quality radiographs. This article discusses basic radiation physics and radiation safety guidelines.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Practical measurement of radiation dose in pediatric radiology: use of the dose surface product in digital fluoroscopy and for neonatal chest radiographs].

PURPOSE: Control of radiation dose in pediatric radiology requires knowledge of the reference levels for all examinations. These data are useful for daily quality assessment, but are not perfectly known for some radiographic examinations. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the dose related to voiding cystourethrograms (VCUG), upper GI (UGI) and intravenous urography (IVU). Neonatal chest radiographs in the intensive care unit were also evaluated. MATERIAL AND METHODS: For examinations with contrast material (478VCUG, 220UGI, 80IVU), the children were divided in groups based on their weight, from 5 to 30 Kg. Measurements were performed using an ionization chamber and expressed with the dose-area product (DAP). For chest radiographs, a direct measurement of the entrance-skin dose was performed, with secondary calculation of the DAP. RESULTS: For VCUGs, the DAP ranged between 42.89cGy.cm2 and 125.41cGy.cm2. The range was between 76.43 and 150.62cGy.cm2 for UGIs and between 49.06 and 83.33cGy.cm2 for IVUs. For neonate chest radiographs, DAP calculations were between 0.29 and 0.99cGy.cm2. CONCLUSION: These values represent our reference doses. They allow continuous monitoring of our radiographic technical parameters and radiographic equipment and help to correct and improve them if necessary.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1998

Value of digital fluoroscopy for the diagnosis of pneumatosis coli.

Two cases are presented of benign pneumatosis coli diagnosed on digital fluoroscopic barium enema examinations, in which the gas-filled cysts in the colonic wall were only recognized by postprocessing of the images (i.e. increasing the brightness and contrast settings) at the computer workstation. When digital barium enemas are performed, we therefore recommend image postprocessing to evaluate polypoid lesions in order to differentiate pneumatosis coli from true colonic neoplasms.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Concurrent fluoroscopy and manometry reveal differences in laparoscopic Nissen and anterior fundoplication.

A prospective double-blind randomized trial was initiated to examine two types of laparoscopic fundoplication (Nissen and anterior). Thirty-two patients with proven gastroesophageal reflux disease presenting for primary laparoscopic antireflux surgery were randomized to undergo either Nissen fundoplication (N = 13) or anterior hemifundoplication (N = 19). Postoperative fluoroscopic and manometric examination was carried out concomitantly. Nissen fundoplication resulted in significantly greater elevation of resting (33.5 vs 23 mm Hg) and residual lower esophageal sphincter pressures (17 vs 6.5 mm Hg) and lower esophageal ramp pressure (26 vs 20.5 mm Hg) than the anterior partial fundoplication. A smaller radiologically measured sphincter opening diameter was seen following Nissen fundoplication (9 mm) compared with anterior fundoplication (12 mm). Lower esophageal ramp pressure correlated weakly (r = 0.37, P = 0.04) with postoperative dysphagia. It is concluded that the type of fundoplication performed significantly influences postoperative manometric and video barium radiology outcomes. The clinical relevance of this requires further investigation.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed1999

Radiation exposure during fluoroscopy: should we be protecting our thyroids?

BACKGROUND: Recent reports on thyroid cancer among Australian orthopaedic surgeons prompted the present study which sought to evaluate the effectiveness of lead shielding in reducing radiation exposure (RE) to the thyroid region during endo-urological procedures. METHODS: Radiation exposure to the thyroid region of the surgeon and scrubbed nurse was monitored for 20 consecutive operations over a 6-week period by thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD). A TLD was placed over and underneath a thyroid shield of 0.5 min lead equivalent thickness to monitor the effect of shielding. RESULTS: Eight percutaneous nephrolithotomies, seven retrograde pyelograms and ureteric stentings and five ureteroscopies for calculous disease were monitored. Total exposure time was 63.1 min. For the surgeon, the total cumulative RE over and under the lead shield was 0.46 and 0.02 mSv, respectively, equating to a 23-times reduction in RE if shielding was used. This effectively reduced RE to almost background levels, which was represented by the control TLD exposure (0.01 mSv). CONCLUSION: Although RE without thyroid shields did not exceed current standards set by radiation safety authorities, no threshold level has been set below which thyroid carcinogenesis is unlikely to occur. Because lead shields are easy to wear and can effectively reduce RE to the thyroid region to near-background levels, they should be made easily available and used by all surgeons to avoid the harmful effects of radiation on the thyroid.

Fluoroscopy↗
PubMed2003

Intractable massive ascites following radical gastrectomy, treatment with local intraperitoneal administration of OK-432 using a unified CT and fluoroscopy system.

The case of a patient who developed intractable massive ascites caused by hepatic lymphorrhea derived from surgical injury to the hepatoduodenal ligament is presented. OK-432 was injected intraperitoneally through a catheter advanced to near the hepatoduodenal ligament, so as to expose this site to a high concentration of OK-432. Under ultrasound guidance, it was difficult to reach this site due to massive ascites, and so we performed this procedure under CT and fluoroscopic guidance using a unified CT and angiography system. Subsequently, local administration of OK-432 on five separate occasions resulted in resolution of the ascites. We ascribe this favourable result to the use of this unified CT and angiography system to advance the catheter to the suitable site, making possible the local administration of OK-432.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed2003

Combined use of transesophageal ECHO and fluoroscopy for the placement of left ventricular pacing leads via the coronary sinus.

Biventricular pacing is an emerging technology for treatment of congestive heart failure. Left ventricular leads are most commonly placed through the coronary sinus (CS) into an epicardial coronary vein. Cannulation of the CS can be difficult and standard guiding catheters have a tendency to displace during lead advancement. This study found that transesophageal echocardiography facilitated CS cannulation in complex cases requiring antecedent lead extraction.

Echocardiography, Transesophageal↗
PubMed1999

Intraoperative transoesophageal echocardiography as an adjuvant to fluoroscopy during endovascular thoracic aortic repair.

OBJECTIVES: To define the utility of intraoperative transeophageal echocardiography (TEE) during endovascular thoracic aortic repair. DESIGN: Retrospective study. MATERIALS: Five patients underwent six transluminal endovascular stent-graft procedures for repair of thoracic aortic disease. METHODS: After induction of anaesthesia, a multiplane or biplane TEE probe was placed to obtain views of the diseased aorta. Both transverse and longitudinal planes of the aortic arch and descending thoracic aortic segments were imaged. The aortic pathology was confirmed by TEE and the proximal and distal extents of the intrathoracic lesion were defined. Doppler and colour-flow imaging was used to identify flow patterns through the aorta before and after stent-graft deployment. RESULTS: Visualisation and confirmation of the aortic pathology by ultrasonography was accomplished in all patients. TEE was able to confirm proper placement of the endograft relative to the aortic lesion after deployment and was able to confirm exclusion of blood flow into the aneurysm sacs. CONCLUSIONS: TEE may facilitate repair by confirming aortic pathology, identifying endograft placement, assessment of the adequacy of aneurysm sack isolation, as well as dynamic intraoperative cardiac assessment.

Adult↗