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Noise and hearing loss in firefighting.
Since the NIH received a request to investigate the high degree of hearing loss in a fire department in 1980, hearing loss among firefighters has become an area of increased investigation. The author identifies the sources of occupational noise in firefighting, looks at audiometric testing and recent research in firefighting noise, and presents guidelines for implementing hearing conservation programs.
The effect of a headset leakage on speech intelligibility in helicopter noise.
INTRODUCTION: Speech intelligibility tests in recorded helicopter noise were performed on 10 subjects with normal hearing, using a Peltor aviation headset. The subjects acted as their own controls, a pair of sunglasses being the only variable factor. METHODS: Noise levels were also measured at the tympanic membrane in one of the test subjects for 7 consecutive fittings of the headset, with and without glasses. RESULTS: Results showed a substantial decrease in speech intelligibility when wearing glasses, being most marked for critical signal-to-noise ratios and the most difficult speech material. Changes were statistically highly significant. Average speech intelligibility scores decreased from 68% to 29% for one-syllable words when wearing glasses at critical signal-to-noise ratios. Noise measurements at the tympanic membrane in one subject showed a low-frequency leakage varying between consecutive fittings. CONCLUSION: Our findings show that even small leakages due to fitting of the headset or helmet should be avoided, particularly in noisy aircraft with communication-demanding mission profiles.
[Static air pressure in the subdampened volume of individual noise protectors].
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Who cares about going deaf?
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Tactics against workplace hearing loss motivate employees to wear protection.
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[Effective use of the radiophones for protection against the noise].
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[Objective determinations of individual sound protectors (author's transl)].
A method for objective measurements of the sound attenuation provided by ear protectors is described, utilizing a head model which contains all normal human sound properties. The difficulties experienced in localizing sound sources when wearing ear protectors is explained by changing the characteristics of the individual frequency bands.
New strategies for hearing protection.
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Protect those ears before it is your loss.
This article describes the different forms of hearing loss. Causes of sensiorneural and conductive hearing loss are identified. Hearing loss is rapidly affecting the population. Noise not only affects the working population but can adversely affect persons who are surrounded by excessive noise in the environment from recreational activities. Hearing loss affects one in ten persons and is considered one of the top ten occupational hazards.
Noise-induced hearing loss and symphony orchestra musicians: risk factors, effects, and management.
Although industrial and recreational noise have been recognized as potential causes of noise-induced hearing loss for quite some time, it is only recently that the sound levels within a symphony orchestra have been implicated as possible sources of harmful noise levels. Many studies have concluded that not only are dangerous levels of noise present within the symphony orchestra, but there is evidence of noise-induced hearing loss among symphony orchestra musicians. Although hearing protection designed for industrial use may not be appropriate for the special listening needs of professional musicians, recent advances in hearing protection design have made hearing protection practical for this population. Suggestions are made for monitoring and protecting the professional ear.
Noise attenuation of communication hearing protectors against impulses from assault rifle.
The noise attenuation values of commercial and military versions of earmuffs were measured using a Finnish assault rifle (RK762) as the sound source. The C-weighted peak level at the entrance of the left ear of the shooter was 156 dB (SD 1.0 dB; n = 25 shots). The noise was analyzed both outside and inside ear muffs on military volunteers on an open shooting range. All the earmuffs attenuated the C-weighted peak level to a value of less than 135 dB, which is less than the proposed values recommended by hearing damage criteria. Communication hearing protectors seem to function and attenuate sufficiently against the peak levels of the impulse noises used in this study.
The specific problems of noise in military life.
In military life, noise has unusual characteristics and constitutes a serious hazard for hearing. Hearing impairments due to the exposure to weapon noises represent an important prejudice for the health of many soldiers. A special attention is given to (i) the "critical level", (ii) the frequency localization of the threshold shifts, (iii) the actual influence of the protective reflexes of the ear, (iv) the existence of delayed threshold shifts following impulse noise exposures, and (v) the interest of the medical treatment of the acoustic trauma. Damage risk criteria for weapon noises are compared: criteria using the (A-weighted) isoenergy principle represent the best present solution (LAeq = 85 dB). Specific problems related to the use of hearing protection are also discussed.
Have you heard?
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Are your workers protected to deaf?
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Speedo silicone ear plug "snakes" are effective polyacrylamide gel casting seals.
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Development of a new standard laboratory protocol for estimating the field attenuation of hearing protection devices. Part III. The validity of using subject-fit data.
The mandate of ASA Working Group S12/WG11 has been to develop "laboratory and/or field procedure(s) that yield useful estimates of field performance" of hearing protection devices (HPDs). A real-ear attenuation at threshold procedure was selected, devised, tested via an interlaboratory study, and incorporated into a draft standard that was approved in 1997 [J. D. Royster et at., "Development of a new standard laboratory protocol for estimating the field attenuation of hearing protection devices. Part I. Research of Working Group 11, Accredited Standards Committee S12, Noise," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 99, 1506-1526 (1996); ANSI S12.6-1997, "American National Standard Methods for Measuring Real-Ear Attenuation of Hearing Protectors" (American National Standards Institute, New York, 1997)]. The real-world estimation procedure utilizes a subject-fit methodology with listeners who are audiometrically proficient, but inexperienced in the use of HPDs. A key factor in the decision to utilize the subject-fit method was an evaluation of the representativeness of the laboratory data vis-à-vis attenuation values achieved by workers in practice. Twenty-two field studies were reviewed to develop a data base for comparison purposes. Results indicated that laboratory subject-fit attenuation values were typically equivalent to or greater than the field attenuation values, and yielded a better estimate of those values than did experimenter-fit or experimenter-supervised fit types of results. Recent data which are discussed in the paper, but which were not available at the time of the original analyses, confirm the findings.