SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Dual Data Collection”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources

PubMed2001

Presence and distribution of sensory nerve fibers in human peritoneal adhesions.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the distribution and type of nerve fibers present in human peritoneal adhesions and to relate data on location and size of nerves with estimated age and with clinical parameters such as reports of chronic pelvic pain. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Peritoneal adhesions are implicated in the cause of chronic abdominopelvic pain, and many patients are relieved of their symptoms after adhesiolysis. Adhesions are thought to cause pain indirectly by restricting organ motion, thus stretching and pulling smooth muscle of adjacent viscera or the abdominal wall. However, in mapping studies using microlaparoscopic techniques, 80% of patients with pelvic adhesions reported tenderness when these structures were probed, an observation suggesting that adhesions themselves are capable of generating pain stimuli. METHODS: Human peritoneal adhesions were collected from 25 patients undergoing laparotomy, 20 of whom reported chronic pelvic pain. Tissue samples were prepared for histologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural analysis. Nerve fibers were characterized using antibodies against several neuronal markers, including those expressed by sensory nerve fibers. In addition, the distribution of nerve fibers, their orientation, and their association with blood vessels were investigated by acetylcholinesterase histochemistry and dual immunolocalization. RESULTS: Nerve fibers, identified histologically, ultrastructurally, and immunohistochemically, were present in all the peritoneal adhesions examined. The location of the adhesion, its size, and its estimated age did not influence the type of nerve fibers found. Further, fibers expressing the sensory neuronal markers calcitonin gene-related protein and substance P were present in all adhesions irrespective of reports of chronic abdominopelvic pain. The nerves comprised both myelinated and nonmyelinated axons and were often, but not invariably, associated with blood vessels. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the first direct evidence for the presence of sensory nerve fibers in human peritoneal adhesions, suggesting that these structures may be capable of conducting pain after appropriate stimulation.

Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide↗

PubMed1994

Occupational health services in Germany and the use of routine data for epidemiology and management: example from the chemical industry.

The basis of German legislation concerning safety at work and health protection is the "dual system": The State and the Employment Accident Insurance Funds are responsible for prevention, rehabilitation, and compensation. The employer can select between several types of occupational medical service. BASF--a major chemical company--serves as example. The Medical Information System of the Occupational Medical and Health Protection Department of BASF is an important tool for management decisions, that is with regard to the introduction of employee assistance or wellness programs, for decisions for preventive measures, or for improvement of service management.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Clinical features of suicide attempts after traumatic brain injury.

This study documents demographic, clinical and temporal parameters for suicide attempts after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Clinical interviews and a medical file review were conducted with an outpatient sample (N = 172), identifying 45 clients (26.2%) who had collectively made a lifetime total of 80 suicide attempts. Data were collected on postinjury psychopathology, current hopelessness, and suicide ideation, as well as historical data about the attempts. The sample (N = 43, missing data N = 2) had a lifetime prevalence of 1.86 attempts, with 19 clients (44.2%) making repeat attempts. The majority (70%) of the attempts were made postinjury. Medical attention was provided in 60.7% of attempts. The odds ratio found that respondents with a comorbid postinjury history of psychiatric/emotional disturbance and substance abuse were 21 times more likely to have made an attempt post-TBI compared with respondents with no such history. The findings can inform suicide prevention initiatives among people with TBI.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Experimental determination of sorption in fractured flow systems.

Fracture "skins" are alteration zones on fracture surfaces created by a variety of biological, chemical, and physical processes. Skins increase surface area, where sorption occurs, compared to the unaltered rock matrix. This study examines the sorption of organic solutes on altered fracture surfaces in an experimental fracture-flow apparatus. Fracture skins containing abundant metal oxides, clays, and organic material from the Breathitt Formation (Kentucky, USA) were collected in a manner such that skin surface integrity was maintained. The samples were reassembled in the lab in a flow-through apparatus that simulated approximately 2.7 m of a linear fracture "conduit." A dual-tracer injection scheme was utilized with the sorbing or reactive tracer compared to a non-reactive tracer (chloride) injected simultaneously. Sorption was assessed from the ratio of the first temporal moments of the breakthrough curves and from the loss of reactive tracer mass and evaluated as a function of flow velocity and solute type. The breakthrough curves suggest dual-flow regimes in the fracture with both sorbing and non-sorbing flow fields. Significant sorption occurs for the reactive components, and sorption increased with decreasing flow rate and decreasing compound solubility. Based on moment analysis, however, there was little retardation of the center of solute mass. These data suggest that non-equilibrium sorption processes dominate and that slow desorption and boundary layer diffusion cause extensive tailing in the breakthrough curves.

Adsorption↗

PubMed2003

Using discrete-time survival analysis to examine patterns of remission from substance use disorder among persons with severe mental illness.

Investigators in mental health research are often interested in examining critical events such as onset, relapse, and recovery from illness, including substance use disorders. As data on these critical events are often collected at discrete-time intervals (e.g., weekly, monthly, or yearly), discrete-time survival models are more appropriate than well-known continuous-time methods. In this paper, we present discrete-time survival analysis methods at an introductory level. Using data collected every 6 months from a 3-year study of assertive community treatment in New Hampshire, we show that discrete-time survival models can be used to analyze patterns of remission from substance use disorder among clients with severe mental illness. The main questions investigated are (1) when are remissions more likely to occur? and (2) what variables predict remission? The results indicate that remission is more likely to occur in the first 6 months and in the 3rd year of the study. Gender, age, baseline use of substances, and diagnosis are strong predictors of remission.

Case Management↗

PubMed2001

Pneumococcal disease among human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons: incidence, risk factors, and impact of vaccination.

To determine the factors associated with pneumococcal disease (pneumococcal pneumonia or invasive disease) and the impact of pneumococcal vaccine in HIV-infected persons, we analyzed patient data collected by the Adult and Adolescent Spectrum of HIV Disease Project for person-time between January 1990 and December 1998. Among 39,086 persons with 71,116 person-years (py) of observation, 585 episodes of pneumococcal disease were diagnosed (incidence, 8.2 episodes per 1000 py). Factors associated with an increased risk for pneumococcal disease (P < .05) included injection drug use (adjusted relative risk [RR], 1.5) and blood transfusion (RR, 2.0) as the mode of HIV transmission (referent, male-male sex); black race/ethnicity (RR, 1.5; referent, white race); history of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining opportunistic illness (RR, 2.1); a CD4(+) cell count of 200-499 cells/microL (RR, 2.5) or < 200 cells/microL (RR, 3.7; referent, CD4(+) cell count of > or = 500 cells/microL); and alcoholism (RR, 2.0). Factors associated with a decreased risk included prescription of antiretroviral therapy (RR for monotherapy, 0.6; for dual therapy, 0.7; for triple therapy, 0.5) and pneumococcal vaccination (RR for persons vaccinated at a CD4(+) cell count of > or = 500 cells/microL, 0.5). We recommend that pneumococcal vaccine be given to HIV-infected persons before profound immunosuppression has occurred.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗

PubMed2004

[Clinical trial for differentiation between corticoid-induced osteoporosis and periarticular demineralization via digital radiogrammetry in patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis].

PURPOSE: To investigate a new bone densitometric technology based on digital radiogrammetry (DXR) with respect to its ability to measure severity-dependent variations of bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and to differentiate between corticoid-induced and periarticular bone mineral density loss. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 153 randomly selected patients suffering from verified rheumatoid arthritis underwent digitally performed plain radiographs of the non-dominant hand and also measurements of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) regarding total femur and lumbar spine in 102 patients and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) regarding the distal radius in 51 patients. Using DXR the radiographs of the non-dominant hand were analyzed for cortical bone mineral density calculation. The severity was classified in the DXA group using the Ratingen score. Furthermore, both study populations were divided into patients with and without corticoid therapy. RESULTS: Correlations between BMD determined by DXR and by DXA (R=0.44 for lumbar spine and R=0.61 for total femur) versus pQCT (0.46<R<0.59) were all significant. An appropriate association was confirmed between pQCT and DXA (R=0.61 for total femur and 0.73 for LWS). In the subgroup of patients with corticoid therapy (mean dose: 5 mg/d for a period of more than 6 month), our data showed-similar to the collective of all patients-significant correlations (0.34<R<0.59) between DXR and the other methods. In contrast to pQCT (0.37<R<0.59) the study revealed a poor association between DXR- and DXA-parameters in the subgroup of patients without corticoid therapy; only the correlation between DXA-BMD of total femur and DXR-BMD achieved a significant level (R=0.38, p<0.05). The mean value of BMD measured by DXR decreased severity dependently from 0.59 g/cm(2) (Stage 1) to 0.46 g/cm(2) (Stage 5). Similar results were verified for the metacarpal index (DXR). The relative decrease of BMD between the highest and lowest score was 21% (p<0.05). Otherwise the reduction of bone mineral density using DXA revealed no significant results. CONCLUSION: The DXR-based BMD calculation can distinguish severity and progress of disease-related periarticular demineralization in contrast to those of DXA. In this context, DXA primarily measures the systemic (corticoid-induced) osteoporosis and pQCT partially estimates disease-related bone mineral density loss, whereas DXR can predominantly analyze and quantify the periarticular demineralization, which often shows a manifestation at an early stage of rheumatoid arthritis. Therefore DXR seems to be a diagnostic tool in the course of rheumatoid arthritis.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗

PubMed1986

Alcohol use and psychopathology in opioid addicts on methadone maintenance.

The occurrence of alcohol problems in opiate addicts on methadone maintenance presents a serious challenge for treatment. Dually addicted patients have a higher incidence of medical and psychiatric complications, consume large amounts of staff and treatment resources, and often exit treatment through administrative detoxification. Yet, little is known about differences in psychopathology between this group and other opioid addicts. This paper summarizes data for 166 male opioid addicts receiving methadone treatment. Alcohol problems were identified, and the relationship between dual addiction and psychopathology was explored. In the first phase of the study the MMPI and Brief MAST (Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test) were administered to 91 subjects. Comparison of Brief MAST scores with program counselors' judgments of the presence or absence of an alcohol problem showed a significant relationship. Cluster analysis of MMPI scores generated three groups. The clusters had significantly different mean MAST scores with the normal cluster having the least indication of alcohol problems, the neurotic cluster intermediate, and the schizoid cluster the greatest indication of problematic alcohol consumption. The second phase of the study with another 75 subjects replicated the relationship between cluster membership and MAST score. The Addiction Severity Index (ASI) was also administered to these subjects, and high correlations between Brief MAST and ASI alcohol problem measures were found. Within-treatment outcome data on a number of measures were then collected for 1 year. Problem drinking severity was negatively related to employment status and positively related to number of random urinalyses indicating illicit drug use. Implication of these findings for refining treatment strategies are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Stimulation of cortical acetylcholine release by orexin A.

The basal forebrain cholinergic system is a critical component of the neurobiological substrates underlying attentional function. Orexin neurons are important for arousal and maintenance of wakefulness and are found in the area of the hypothalamus previously shown to project to the basal forebrain. We used dual-probe in vivo microdialysis in rats to test the hypothesis that orexin A (OxA) increases cortical acetylcholine (ACh) release. Intrabasalis administration of OxA (0, 0.1, 10.0 microM via reverse dialysis) dose-dependently increased ACh release within the prefrontal cortex (PFC). In a separate group of animals, local (intra-PFC) administration of OxA via reverse dialysis was found to have no significant effect on ACh release. In order to obtain anatomical corroboration of the basal forebrain as a site of orexin modulation of corticopetal cholinergic activity, we used immunohistochemistry to examine the relationship between orexin fibers and cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain. We observed widespread distribution of orexin-immunoreactive fibers in cholinergic regions of the basal forebrain, particularly in more rostral areas where frequent instances of apparent appositional contact were observed between orexin fibers and choline acetyltransferase-positive cell bodies. Collectively, these data suggest that orexin projections to the basal forebrain form an important link between hypothalamic arousal and forebrain attentional systems.

Acetylcholine↗

PubMed2005

Dysprosium as a nonabsorbable fecal marker in studies of zinc homeostasis.

BACKGROUND: Dysprosium is a nonabsorbable rare earth element that has had successful application as a marker for fecal excretion of unabsorbed zinc. OBJECTIVE: Our goals were 1) to evaluate the efficacy of administering dysprosium with all meals over several days as a method of determining the completeness of fecal collections, 2) to determine the similarity of gastrointestinal transit kinetics and excretion patterns of dysprosium and zinc tracer administered simultaneously over several days, and 3) to evaluate alternative methods of using the data for fecal excretion of orally administered zinc tracer and dysprosium to measure the fractional absorption of zinc. DESIGN: 70Zn and dysprosium were administered orally with all meals for 5 consecutive days to 7 healthy, free-living adults consuming a constant diet based on habitual intake. Additional tracers, 67Zn and 68Zn, were administered intravenously. Urine and fecal samples were collected during tracer administration and for 8 d after the last dose. Isotope ratios were measured in urine and feces, and total zinc and dysprosium were measured in fecal samples. RESULTS: The mean recovery of dysprosium was 101.3 +/- 2.4%. The zinc oral tracer and dysprosium had similar fecal excretory patterns; the correlation coefficient for 70Zn and dysprosium in fecal samples exceeded 0.99 (P < 0.0001) for each subject. Fractional zinc absorption measurements using various dysprosium methods correlated well (r > 0.95) with those from the fecal monitoring and dual-isotope-tracer ratio methods. CONCLUSION: Administration of dysprosium is a useful means of determining the completeness of fecal collections and of measuring zinc absorption.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed2005

PCR analysis of egyptian respiratory adenovirus isolates, including identification of species, serotypes, and coinfections.

Eighty-eight adenovirus (Ad) isolates and associated clinical data were collected from walk-in patients with influenza-like illness in Egypt during routine influenza surveillance from 1999 through 2002. Respiratory Ad distributions are geographically variable, and serotype prevalence has not been previously characterized in this region. Serotype identity is clinically relevant because it predicts vaccine efficacy and correlates strongly with both clinical presentation and epidemiological pattern. Species and serotype identities were determined using several well-validated multiplex PCR protocols culled from the literature and supplemented with a few novel primer sets designed to identify rare types. The isolates included common species B1 serotypes (Ad3 and Ad7), common species C serotypes (Ad1, Ad2, and Ad5), the less common species B2 serotype Ad11, and three isolates of the rare species B1 serotype Ad16. Two isolates that appear to be variant Ad16 were also identified. Fifteen coinfections of multiple adenoviral types, primarily AdB/AdC and Ad3/Ad7 dual infections, were detected. The majority of these were verified using redundant PCR tests targeted at multiple genes. PCR is able to resolve coinfections, in contrast to traditional serum neutralization tests. PCR is also comparatively rapid and requires very little equipment. Application of the method allowed an inclusive determination of the serotypes found in the Egyptian respiratory sample set and demonstrated that coinfections are common and may play a previously unrecognized role in adenovirus pathogenesis, evolution, and epidemiology. In particular, coinfections may influence adenoviral evolution, as interserotypic recombination has been identified as a source of emerging strains.

Adenovirus Infections, Human↗

PubMed2005

Antivascular therapy of human follicular thyroid cancer experimental bone metastasis by blockade of epidermal growth factor receptor and vascular growth factor receptor phosphorylation.

Patients suffering from bone metastases of follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) have a poor prognosis because of the lack of effective treatment strategies. The overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) associated with increased vascularity has been implicated in the pathogenesis of FTC and subsequent bone metastases. We hypothesized that inhibiting the phosphorylation of the EGFR and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) by AEE788, a dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor of EGFR and VEGFR, in combination with paclitaxel would inhibit experimental FTC bone lesions and preserve bone structure. We tested this hypothesis using the human WRO FTC cell line. In culture, AEE788 inhibited the EGF-mediated phosphorylation of EGFR, VEGFR2, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and Akt in culture. AEE788, alone and in combination with paclitaxel, inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis. When WRO cells were injected into the tibia of nude mice, tumor and endothelial cells within the lesions expressed phosphorylated EGFR, VEGFR, Akt, and mitogen-activated protein kinase that were inhibited by the oral administration of AEE788. Therapy consisting of orally given AEE788 and i.p. injected paclitaxel induced a high level of apoptosis in tumor-associated endothelial cells and tumor cells with the inhibition of tumor growth in the bone and the preservation of bone structure. Collectively, these data show that blocking the phosphorylation of EGFR and VEGFR with AEE788 combined with paclitaxel can significantly inhibit experimental human FTC in the bone of nude mice.

Adenocarcinoma, Follicular↗

PubMed1999

Factors affecting broadband ultrasound attenuation results of the calcaneus using a gel-coupled quantitative ultrasound scanning system.

This study aimed to assess the factors that may influence the distribution and description of broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and to identify specific criteria for diagnostic consideration when collecting BUA reference data. Two hundred Caucasian women (aged 20-79 years) without a history of atraumatic fractures or medicines known to affect bone metabolism were selected for this study. Medical and menstrual history, medication usage, family history of osteoporosis (FHO), physical activity, activities of daily living (ADL), dietary calcium intake, as well as smoking and alcohol consumption were obtained. Broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA, dB/MHz) was determined in the right foot using a new gel-coupled ultrasound system. BUA was significantly associated with age (p<0.001), body weight (p<0.001), level of physical activity (p = 0.024) and dietary calcium intake (p = 0.023). Smoking, alcohol and coffee consumption and ADL were not associated with BUA (p>0.05). There were no differences in BUA (p>0.05) between those women who reported taking medications or had diseases (known to not affect bone metabolism), were using contraceptives, taking vitamin/mineral supplements and/or had traumatic fractures and their counterparts who did not report these characteristics. Premenopausal women with a FHO had significantly lower BUA values compared with those without a FHO (p = 0.013). When those participants with a FHO were removed from the sample, the peak BUA value was 1.1-4.4% higher and the variability (SD) was reduced by about 3.3-9.3% depending on which age range was used to define the peak BUA value. Consequently, an additional 4.5% of the population were classified as having a T-score <-2. Our results suggest that the impact on BUA of risk factors such as a FHO, body weight, physical activity and dietary calcium intake is similar to that on bone mineral density obtained by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and thus provides further information on the comparability of quantitative ultrasound and DXA for assessment of risk of fracture. The criteria for calculating the T-score need further study to determine whether young adults with FHO should be included and what cutoff age range should be used in collecting peak values of quantitative ultrasound parameters.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

The carboxyl-terminal domains of MKP-1 and MKP-2 have inhibitory effects on their phosphatase activity.

Both the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatases MKP-1 and MKP-2 exert important feedback control of MAPK-mediated signaling events. The function of MKP-1 and MKP-2 is regulated via complex mechanisms, ranging from increased transcription of the MKP-1 and MKP-2 genes to post-translational catalytic activation of MKP-1 and MKP-2 proteins upon binding to their substrate MAPKs. In addition, MKP-1 stability increases upon ERK-dependent phosphorylation of two serine residues in its C-terminus. The C-terminal regions of MKP-1 and MKP-2, but not those of other MKPs, are homologous. To investigate the role of this domain, we have deleted the C-terminal tails from MKP-1 and MKP-2 and examined the effect of these deletions on their enzymatic activity. C-terminally truncated MKP-1 and MKP-2 exhibited, both in vivo and in vitro, substantially greater phosphatase activity towards their substrate MAPKs than did the full-length counterparts. However, C-terminal truncations did not significantly change either their substrate affinity, or their substrate-mediated catalytic activation. Basal phosphatase activity of the truncated proteins was also significantly higher than that of the wild-type counterparts. Collectively, these results suggest that the C-terminal domain may potentially play a role in the regulation of MKP-1 and MKP-2.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed2006

[Impact of structure and context on utilization of socio-psychiatric services in Saxony--a multi-level-analysis].

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the influence of structural (service) aspects and context (catchment area) variables on the individual use of socio-psychiatric services in Saxony. METHOD: Data collected in 34 services were used. For the analysis of the variance components a multi-level model with random effects was computed using data at two levels ([1] client, and [2] service/catchment area). RESULTS: Service use was substantially influenced by structural/context factors which accounted for a proportion of 10 to 50 % of the variance depending on the (sub-)group of users included in the analysis. The impact of service structure and context on service use was particularly strong in the subgroup of service users with very high service utilisation.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

Telephone surveys in public health research.

The last 10 years have seen increasing use of telephone surveys in public health research. This paper reviews issues of sampling, data quality, questionnaire development, scheduling of interviewers, respondent burden, interviewer effects, and the use of the computer in telephone interviewing. Throughout, the authors focus on findings from recent research, with particular emphasis on those studies suggesting new advances or protocols for conducting telephone health surveys. The findings of this review suggest four conclusions. First, telephone interviews can be highly recommended for follow-up interviews in panel surveys that use an initial face-to-face interview. Second, telephone surveys can be recommended as a viable alternative to costly face-to-face surveys in cross-sectional studies of the general population. Third, when the focus of the survey is on subgroups of the population that have both low telephone coverage and higher rates of nonresponse (e.g., low income and low education respondents), telephone interviews should be used more cautiously. In these situations, a dual sampling frame approach (using a combination of face-to-face and telephone interviewing) may be considered. Finally, computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI) represents one of the most important and innovative technologic advances in health survey research in recent years. The advantages of CATI in improving survey management are noteworthy and ideally suited for moderate- to large-sample surveys. CATI also provides an attractive (and largely untapped) resource for testing and refining other methodologic protocols in survey research.

Computers↗

PubMed1998

Identification of a novel dual angiotensin II/vasopressin receptor.

The isolation and molecular characterization of the Ang II/AVP receptor elucidates the structure of a novel dual receptor coupled to adenylate cyclase and responding with equal sensitivity to Ang II and AVP. The cloning strategy in conjunction with site directed mutagenesis have permitted the delineation of the Ang II and AVP binding domains within the receptor polypeptide. Pharmacological characterization of the receptor defines the AngII/AVP receptor as a novel AT1/V2 type of receptor. The renal immunocytochemical distribution of the Ang II/AVP receptor to the outer medullary thick ascending limb tubules and inner medullary collecting ducts suggests a prominent role in renal tubular sodium and fluid reabsorption.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗

PubMed2004

A method for analyzing longitudinal outcomes with many zeros.

Health care utilization and cost data have challenged analysts because they are often correlated over time, highly skewed, and clumped at 0. Traditional approaches do not address all these problems, and evaluators of mental health and substance abuse interventions often grapple with the problem of how to analyze these data in a way that accurately represents program impact. Recently, the traditional 2-part model has been extended to mixed-effects mixed-distribution model with correlated random effects to deal simultaneously with excess zeros, skewness, and correlated observations. We introduce and demonstrate this new method to mental health services researchers and evaluators by analyzing the data from a study of assertive community treatment (ACT). The response variable is the number of days of hospitalization, collected every 6 months over 3 years. The explanatory variable is group: ACT vs. standard case management. Diagnosis (schizophrenia vs. bipolar disorder), time, and the baseline values of hospital days are covariates. Results indicate that clients in the ACT group have a higher probability of hospital admission, but tend to have shorter lengths of stay. The mixed-distribution model provides greater specification of a model to fit these data and leads to more refined interpretation of the results.

Adult↗