Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “DBP”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Abnormal 24-hour blood pressure patterns in children after renal transplantation.

Hypertension after renal transplantation occurs commonly and is associated with decreased allograft survival. Hypertension is usually diagnosed by casual blood pressure (BP) measurements in the outpatient clinic that may not reflect the overall 24-hour BP pattern. To better describe the pattern of BP in children after renal transplantation, 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring (APBM) was performed in 42 patients with stable renal function. BP was measured every 20 minutes during the daytime and every 30 minutes at night. Mean patient age was 12.8 +/- 5.2 years, and mean time after transplantation was 34 +/- 36 months. Seventy-six percent of the patients were administered antihypertensive medications. Twenty-four-hour mean systolic BP (SBP) was 127 +/- 11 mm Hg, and diastolic BP (DBP) was 80 +/- 11 mm Hg. Mean 24-hour BP load values (percentage of BP readings > 95th percentile based on Task Force criteria) were 59% for SBP and 50% for DBP, which were significantly elevated compared with healthy children (P < 0.001). An attenuated decline in sleep BP (nondipping) was found in 78% of the patients for SBP and 50% for DBP. Sleep BP exceeded awake BP in 24% of the patients for SBP and 17% for DBP. Boys had a greater SBP load (66% versus 45%; P = 0.03) and DBP load (57% versus 38%; P = 0.04) than girls. These results confirm in children the high prevalence of hypertension by ABPM criteria after renal transplantation and show attenuation of normal sleep BP decreases. These BP disturbances may shorten renal allograft survival and predispose children to long-term hypertensive end-organ damage.

Antihypertensive Agents↗
PubMed2003

Efficacy and tolerability of eplerenone and losartan in hypertensive black and white patients.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of monotherapy with the selective aldosterone blocker eplerenone in both black and white patients with hypertension. BACKGROUND: Essential hypertension and cardiovascular-renal-target organ damage is more prevalent in black than white adults in the U.S. METHODS: Black (n = 348) and white (n = 203) patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension were randomized to double-blind treatment with eplerenone 50 mg, the angiotensin II receptor antagonist losartan 50 mg, or placebo once daily. Doses were increased if blood pressure remained uncontrolled. The primary end point was change in mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) after 16 weeks of therapy. RESULTS: Adjusted mean changes from baseline in DBP were -5.3 +/- 0.7, -10.3 +/- 0.7, and -6.9 +/- 0.6 mm Hg in the placebo, eplerenone-treated, and losartan-treated groups, respectively (mean +/- SE, p < 0.001 eplerenone vs. placebo, p < 0.001 eplerenone vs. losartan). In black patients, DBP decreased by -4.8 +/- 1.0, -10.2 +/- 0.9, and -6.0 +/- 0.9 mm Hg for the placebo, eplerenone-treated, and losartan-treated groups, respectively (mean +/- SE, p < 0.001 eplerenone vs. placebo, p < 0.001 eplerenone vs. losartan), whereas in white patients, DBP decreased by -6.4 +/- 1.0, -11.1 +/- 1.1, and -8.4 +/- 1.0 mm Hg, respectively (p = 0.001 eplerenone vs. placebo, p = 0.068 for eplerenone vs. losartan). For reduction of systolic blood pressure (SBP), eplerenone was superior to placebo and losartan in all patients combined and in black patients, and was superior to placebo in white patients. Eplerenone was as effective as losartan in reducing SBP and DBP in the high renin patient, but more effective than losartan in the low renin patient. Similarly, eplerenone was at least as effective as losartan in patients with differing baseline levels of aldosterone. Both eplerenone and losartan were well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: The antihypertensive effect of eplerenone was equal in black and white patients and was superior to losartan in black patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Resuscitation of the critically ill in the ED: responses of blood pressure, heart rate, shock index, central venous oxygen saturation, and lactate.

To describe the simultaneous responses of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), shock index (SI = HR/SBP), central venous oxyhemoglobin saturation (ScvO2), and arterial blood lactate concentration (Lact) to resuscitation of critically ill patients in the emergency department (ED), an observational descriptive study was conducted in the ED of an urban teaching hospital. Thirty- six patients admitted from the ED to the medical intensive care unit were studied. Vital signs were measured immediately on arrival to the ED (phase 1). After initial resuscitation and stabilization, ie, HR between 50 and 120 beats/min and MAP between 70 and 110 mm Hg (phase 2), ScvO2 and Lact were measured and additional therapy was given in the ED to increase ScvO2 to > 65% and decrease Lact to < 2 mmol/L, if needed (phase 3). SBP, DBP, MAP, HR. SI, ScvO2, and Lact were measured. Initial resuscitation increased SBP from 103 +/- 39 to 118 +/- 29 mm Hg (P < .05) and MAP from 67 +/- 35 to 82 +/- 22 mm Hg (P < .05) but did not affect DBP (53 +/- 35 to 63 +/- 22 mm Hg, P = NS), HR (110 +/- 26 to 110 +/- 22 beats/min, P = NS) or SI (from 1.3 +/- 0.7 to 1.0 +/- 0.3, P =NS) from phase 1 to phase 2. ScvO2 remained < 65% and/or Lact > 2.0 mmol/L in 31 of 36 patients at phase 2, and additional therapy was required. Lact was decreased (from 4.6 +/- 3.8 to 2.6 +/- 2.5 mmol/L, P < .05) and ScvO2 was increased (from 52 +/- 18 to 65 +/- 13%, P < .05) without significant additional changes in SBP, DBP, MAP, HR, or SI at phase 3. The in-hospital mortality was 14% for this group of patients. It was concluded that additional therapy is required in the majority of critically ill patients to restore adequate systemic oxygenation after initial resuscitation and hemodynamic stabilization in the ED. Additional therapy to increase ScvO2 and decrease Lact may not produce substantial responses in SBP, DBP, MAP, HR, and SI. The measurement of ScvO2 and Lact can be utilized to guide this phase of additional therapy in the ED.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Predictors of subsequent coronary events, stroke, and death among survivors of first hospitalized myocardial infarction.

We identified predictors of prognosis among n = 2,677 health maintenance organization enrollees 30 to 79 years old who survived a first hospitalized myocardial infarction (MI) during 1986-1996 (mean follow-up 3.4 years). Independent risk factors for reinfarction/fatal coronary heart disease (CHD) (incidence = 49.0/1,000 person-years, 445 events) were age, diabetes, chronic congestive heart failure (CHF), angina, high body mass index (BMI), low diastolic blood pressure (DBP), high serum creatinine, and low/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Independent risk factors for stroke (incidence = 13.0/1,000 person-years, 124 events) were age, diabetes, CHF, high DBP, and high creatinine. Independent predictors of death (incidence = 44.2/1,000 person-years, 431 events) were age, diabetes, CHF, continued smoking after MI, low DBP, high pulse rate, high creatinine, and low HDL cholesterol, while BMI had a significant U-shaped association with death (elevated risk at low and high BMI). The occurrence of study end points did not differ significantly between men and women after adjustment for other risk factors and use of preventive medical therapies, although men tended to have higher rates of reinfarction/CHD than women among older subjects. In summary, we demonstrated that the major cardiovascular risk factors age, diabetes, CHF, smoking, and dyslipidemia are important prognostic factors in the years after nonfatal MI. Elevated BMI was associated with increased risk of reinfarction/CHD and death and elevated DBP with increased risk of stroke, but we also observed high mortality among those with low BMI and high risk of recurrent coronary disease and death among those with low DBP. Finally, high creatinine was a strong, independent predictor of a variety of adverse outcomes after first MI.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

An insulin receptor gene polymorphism is associated with diastolic blood pressure in Chinese subjects with components of the metabolic syndrome.

Insulin resistance has been described as a possible underlying link for the clustering of Type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity, and dyslipidemia, known as the metabolic syndrome. Mutations within the insulin receptor have been associated with hypertension in some white and Oriental populations. We examined the relationship between the insulin receptor NsiI restriction fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP) and biochemical and anthropometric parameters associated with these disorders in 933 Chinese subjects. Of the 933 subjects, 117 were control subjects and 816 had one or more components of the metabolic syndrome: 59.7% hypertension, 64.6% glucose intolerance, 55.3% dyslipidemia, and 53.3% obesity. The prevalences of the N1 allele and N1N1 genotype were 74.4% and 55.8%, respectively, in the whole population. No differences were observed in the genotype and allele frequency distributions between the control group and the cohorts with glucose intolerance, hypertension, or dyslipidemia alone or in combination. Using one-way ANOVA, there was a weak relationship between the insulin receptor genotypes and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), P = .069. The DBP was significantly higher in subjects carrying the N1N1 genotype in both the total population (80 +/- 13 v 76 +/- 12 mm Hg, P = .038) and subjects with glucose intolerance (80 +/- 12 v 76 +/- 10 mm Hg, P = .048). Using stepwise multiple regression, the insulin receptor NsiI polymorphism was found to be an independent predictor of DBP in this Chinese population, P = .018. Age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) were also included in the analysis and were all significantly associated with diastolic DBP. To conclude, the insulin receptor gene NsiI RFLP is associated with DBP in these Chinese subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Sustained antihypertensive actions of a dual angiotensin-converting enzyme neutral endopeptidase inhibitor, sampatrilat, in black hypertensive subjects.

Our objective was to evaluate the safety and antihypertensive efficacy of sampatrilat, a novel dual inhibitor of both angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and neutral endopeptidase (NEP), in subjects poorly responsive to ACE inhibitor monotherapy. The ability of sampatrilat (50 to 100 mg daily) (n = 28) to lower blood pressure was compared with that of the ACE inhibitor lisinopril (10 to 20 mg daily) (n = 30) using a double-blind, randomized, parallel group study design over a 56-day treatment period in black hypertensives. Changes in systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure were determined using repeated ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) monitoring. Both sampatrilat and lisinopril decreased plasma ACE concentrations after 28 and 56 days. The decrease in plasma ACE concentrations (U/L) was greater after lisinopril (-9.33 +/- 0.52) as compared with sampatrilat (-6.31 +/- 0.70) (P = .0001) therapy. Lisinopril, but not sampatrilat, increased plasma renin activity. Lisinopril produced a transient decrease in mean 24-h ABP (mm Hg) at 28 days (SBP = -9.0 +/- 2.3, DBP = -5.7 +/- 1.3; P < .01), which returned to pretreatment values by 56 days of therapy. Alternatively, sampatrilat produced a sustained decrease in mean ABP over the 56-day treatment period (day 28: SBP = -7.3 +/- 1.8, DBP = -5.2 +/- 1.2; P < .01: day 56: SBP = -7.8 +/- 1.5; DBP = -5.2 +/- 0.95; P < 0.01) with a greater treatment effect on DBP than that of lisinopril at day 56 (P = .05). Treatment-emergent adverse events were noted to be similar between both treatment groups. We conclude that the antihypertensive actions of ACE/NEP inhibitor monotherapy in black subjects offers a novel therapeutic approach to patients otherwise resistant to the sustained antihypertensive actions of ACE inhibitor monotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Birth cohort evidence of population influences on blood pressure in the United States, 1887-1994.

PURPOSE: Mean blood pressure (BP) has declined in the U.S. for several decades. It is unknown to what extent this decline was due to treatment of persons with recognized high BP or to population-wide influences on BP. Treatment would shift only the highest values lower, whereas, population-wide influences on BP would shift the entire distribution downward. METHODS: We examined changes in the distributions of systolic and diastolic BP (SBP, DBP) across birth cohorts born between 1887 and 1975 in 52,646 individuals examined in the National Health (and Nutrition) Examination Surveys between 1960 and 1994. The BP distributions were estimated as functions of age and birth-year to examine changes between birth cohorts. We postulated that the age-adjusted 10th, 50th and 90th percentiles of SBP and DBP had decreased in more recent versus earlier birth cohorts. RESULTS: The series of birth cohorts exhibited successively lower SBP and DBP at low, middle and high percentiles. In general, the 10th percentile of SBP decreased approximately 1.19 mmHg per decade of birth-year, whereas the 50th percentile decreased 2.40 mmHg per decade, and the 90th percentile decreased 4.62 mmHg per decade. A similar pattern of results was seen for DBP. CONCLUSIONS: The entire distribution of both SBP and DBP shifted downward. The downward shifts at the 50th percentile and below unequivocally demonstrate a strong prevention effect in the U.S. population during the period 1887 through 1975. This epidemiologic analysis indicates that population-wide influences can alter favorably the distribution of BP throughout the whole population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Genetic variance and heritability of cardiovascular risk factors in Chinese adolescent twins.

In order to estimate genetic variance and heritability of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels, a total of 235 (79 male and 82 female MZ, 41 male and 33 female DZ) twin pairs, recruited from 12 junior high schools in Taipei city, were studied. Statistically significant genetic variance observed for SBP, DBP, serum cholesterol and triglycerides persisted after adjustment for age and anthropometric characteristics. However, further adjustment for dietary preference, beverage consumption, and other host and environmental factors gave different results: genetic variance of adjusted SBP and DBP was still significant, while significance was found only in males for cholesterol and in neither males nor females for triglycerides. Heritability estimates of unadjusted SBP, DBP, cholesterol and triglycerides were 0.27, 0.45, 0.21 and 0.41, respectively, for males, and 0.15, 0.42, 0.41 and 0.82, respectively, for females. After adjustment for age, anthropometric characteristics, host and environmental factors, the heritability estimates of SBP, DBP and cholesterol were 0.64, 0.72 and 0.50, respectively, for males, and 0.40, 0.60 and 0.37, respectively, for females.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Identification of the sterol- and actin-binding domains of plasma vitamin D binding protein (Gc-globulin).

The mammalian plasma vitamin D binding protein (DBP), or Gc-globulin, is recognized to have at least two functional properties: sterol binding and G-actin sequestration. Affinity labeling of the sterol binding site with the radioactive electrophilic ligand, 3 beta-(bromoacetoxy)-25-hydroxycholecalciferol, followed by limited proteolysis, permitted the isolation and identification of three overlapping peptides in the amino terminus of the molecule. When G-actin affinity chromatography was applied to other proteolytic fragments, two fragments from the carboxy terminus of the molecule were isolated and identified. Another, large, tryptic fragment displayed both sterol- and actin-binding properties. The amino-terminal assignment of the sterol-binding domain was confirmed by demonstrating sterol-specific binding by an in vitro transcribed and translated product of a mutated rat DBP cDNA encoding a protein truncated in its carboxy terminus. The sterol-binding domain was localized to the region between the first-amino-terminal disulfide bond, and the actin-binding domain was found between residues 350 and 403. A high degree of sequence conservation in these regions was found among human, rat, and mouse DBP's. These functional domain assignments confirm the apparent independence of these two binding activities and help to explain the observed triprotein complex of DBP-actin-DNase I and the competition between DBP and profilin for G-actin binding. Our findings should facilitate more precise delineation of the binding domains by site-directed mutagenesis experiments.

Actins↗
PubMed2004

Radiocarbon evidence for a naturally produced, bioaccumulating halogenated organic compound.

Halogenated organic compounds (HOCs) such as 1,1'-dimethyl-3,3',4,4'-tetrabromo-5,5'-dichloro-2,2'-bipyrrole (DBP-Br4Cl2) and heptachloro-1'-methyl-1,2'-bipyrrole (Q1) have been detected worldwide, sometimes at high levels in Antarctic air, seabird eggs, the blubber of marine mammals, and, most notably, even human milk. To date, it has been difficult to determine whether these compounds are natural products or derived from industrial synthesis. Molecular-level 14C analysis of these compounds is particularly appealing because most industrial compounds are manufactured from petrochemicals (14C-free) and natural compounds should have "modern" or "contemporary" 14C levels. To investigate the source of DBP-Br4Cl2, we isolated 600 microg of this compound (150 microg of carbon) from marine animal extracts by employing gel permeation chromatography, Florisil column chromatography, and two-dimensional preparative capillary gas chromatography. The purified DBP-Br4Cl2 was split into two samples (75 microg of carbon each) and analyzed by accelerator mass spectrometry for 14C content. The delta14C values were -449 percent per thousand and -467 percent per thousand, corresponding to conventional 14C ages of 4740 and 5000 years before present (BP), respectively. The presence of detectable 14C in the DBP-Br4Cl2 strongly points to at least a natural or biogenic source. However, these delta14C values for DBP-Br4Cl2 are more depleted than expected for a recently synthesized natural product. Several explanations are discussed, but additional samples

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Synthesis and characterization of a family of structurally characterized dysprosium alkoxides for improved fatigue-resistance characteristics of PDyZT thin films.

Using either an ammoniacal route, the reaction between DyCl3, Na0, and HOR in liquid ammonia, or preferentially reacting Dy(N(SiMe3)2)3 with HOR in a solvent, we isolated a family of dysprosium alkoxides as [Dy(mu-ONep)2(ONep)]4 (1), (ONep)2Dy[(mu3-ONep)(mu-ONep)Dy(ONep)(THF)]2(mu-ONep) (2), (ONep)2Dy[(mu3-ONep)(mu-ONep)Dy(ONep)(py)]2(mu-ONep) (3), [Dy3(mu3-OBut)2(mu-OBut3(OBut)4(HOBut)2] (4), [Dy3(mu3-OBut)2(mu-OBut)3(OBut)4(THF)2] (5), [Dy3(mu3-OBut)2(mu-OBut)3(OBut)4(py)2] (6), (DMP)Dy(mu-DMP)4[Dy(DMP)2(NH3)]2 (7), [Dy(eta6-DMP)(DMP)2]2 (8), Dy(DMP)3(THF)3 (9), Dy(DMP)3(py)3 (10), Dy(DIP)3(NH3)2 (11), [Dy(eta6-DIP)(DIP)2]2 (12), Dy(DIP)3(THF)2 (13), Dy(DIP)3(py)3 (14), Dy(DBP)3(NH3) (15), Dy(DBP)3 (16), Dy(DBP)3(THF) (17), Dy(DBP)3(py)2 (18), [Dy(mu-TPS)(TPS2]2 (19), Dy(TPS)3(THF)3 (20), and Dy(TPS)3(py)3 (21), where ONep = OCH2CMe3, OBut) = OCMe3, DMP = OC6H3(Me)(2)-2,6, DIP = OC6H3(CHMe2)(2)-2,6, DBP = OC6H3(CMe3)(2)-2,6, TPS = OSi(C6H5)3, tol = toluene, THF = tetrahydrofuran, and py = pyridine. We were not able to obtain X-ray quality crystals of compounds 2, 8, and 9. The structures observed and data collected for the Dy compounds are consistent with those reported for its other congeners. A number of these precursors were used as Dy dopants in Pb(Zr0.3Ti0.7)O3 (PZT 30/70) thin films, with compound 12 yielding the highest-quality films. The resulting Pb0.94Dy0.04(Zr0.3Ti0.7)O3 [PDyZT (4/30/70)] had similar properties to PZT (30/70), but showed substantial resistance to polarization reversal fatigue.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

Comparison of efficacy of spirapril and enalapril in control of mild-to-moderate hypertension.

The efficacy of spirapril, 6 mg once daily, was compared with enalapril, 5-20 mg once daily, in the control of mild-to-moderate hypertension in a placebo-controlled, parallel-group study. A total of 251 patients participated in the study, all of whom underwent a 4-week washout period on placebo. Thereafter, 100 patients were randomized to spirapril, 6 mg once daily, 101 patients to enalapril, 5-20 mg once daily, and 50 patients remained on placebo. Sitting diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were measured at 2-weekly clinic visits. Blood pressure profiles during peak and trough plasma drug concentrations (2-4 hours and 24-26 hours postdose, respectively) were determined at baseline and 4 and 8 weeks after starting the double-blind phase. Compared with placebo, treatment with both spirapril and enalapril resulted in significant reductions (p < 0.001) in DBP and SBP. DBP was reduced to a greater extent with spirapril than with enalapril both at peak (-17.4 mmHg vs. -14.8 mmHg) and trough (-14.7 mmHg vs. -12.4 mmHg). Thus, although the trough/peak DBP ratios for spirapril and enalapril were very similar (84% vs. 82%), actual reductions in DBP were different. Spirapril and enalapril treatment resulted in similar reductions in SBP at both peak and trough levels. Both drugs were well tolerated, and there were very few adverse events or changes in hematological or biochemical parameters during the study. In conclusion, spirapril, 6 mg once daily, as the initial and maintenance dose, is at least as effective and well tolerated as enalapril individually titrated.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2003

Body composition, ethnicity and alcohol consumption as determinants for the development of blood pressure in a birth cohort of young middle-aged men.

AIM: To investigate the development of blood pressure (BP) determinants over a period of 6 years in a birth cohort of middle-aged Swedish men. METHODS: Men born 1953 and 1954 living in Helsingborg, Southern Sweden, were surveyed at 37, 40 and 43 years of age. Baseline participation rate was 68% (n = 991). S-Cholesterol, HDL-Cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) and anthropomorphic measurements were collected and a questionnaire covering ethnicity, smoking, leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and alcohol consumption was completed. RESULTS: At these surveys, SBP means were: 131, 132, 135 mm Hg and DBP were 83, 83 and 85 mm Hg respectively. Body mass index (BMI), waist hip ratio (WHR), S-Cholesterol and alcohol consumption consistently showed cross-sectional positive associations with SBP and DBP. One mmol/L higher S-Cholesterol at baseline predicted an increase in SBP by 1.16 mm Hg (confidence interval, CI: 0.25; 2.07) over 6 years. At age 40, there was a 4.4 mm Hg (p < 0.020) difference in SBP and a 2.64 mm Hg (p < 0.056) difference in DBP means between the low and high alcohol consumption. Corresponding differences at age 43 were SBP 5.28 mm Hg (p < 0.023) and DBP 5.4 mm Hg (p < 0.000). Men born in Sweden had a higher baseline SBP (delta = 4 mm Hg, CI: 2.11; 6.35) and showed a higher 6 year increase in SBP (2.80 mm Hg CI: 0.07; 5.53) than men born abroad. CONCLUSIONS: Body composition, ethnicity and alcohol consumption are strong determinants for the development of BP. These findings have to be considered in strategies for primary prevention of hypertension in younger middle-aged men.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

The association of body mass index and waist circumference with blood pressure depends on age and gender: a study of 10,928 non-smoking adults in the Greek EPIC cohort.

Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference are independently associated with blood pressure, but the dependence of these associations on gender and age has not been clarified. We investigated the associations of BMI and waist circumference with systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure and assessed possible interactions with gender and age. Data concerning blood pressure and anthropometric variables were collected at enrollment in a cohort study from 10,928 non-smoking adults, all over Greece, who have never received antihypertensive treatment. Multiple regression-derived standardized coefficients were estimated to compare effects among variables. Among men, waist circumference appears more important than BMI in the prediction of SBP (standardized coefficients 2.26 vs. 1.52 mmHg/SD), and to a lesser extent DBP. In contrast, among women, BMI is more important than waist circumference, in the prediction of SBP (standardized coefficients 3.97 vs. 1.56 mmHg/ SD) and to a lesser extent DBP. The different effects of BMI and waist circumference on blood pressure by gender are evident among older individuals (> 55 years); among younger individuals BMI and waist circumference have comparable effects in both genders. Among younger individuals, BMI and waist circumference are independent and equally important predictors of SBP and DBP in both genders, whereas among older individuals waist circumference is the dominant predictor of blood pressure among men and BMI is the dominant predictor of blood pressure among women. Associations are more evident with respect to SBP than DBP.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Blood pressure variability and leukoaraiosis amount in cerebral small-vessel disease.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the correlation between blood pressure (BP) variability and leukoaraiosis (LA) amount in patients with symptomatic cerebral small-vessel disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We included 25 hypertensive patients: 13 with Binswanger's disease (BD) and 12 with a first-ever lacunar infarction (LI). Baseline office BP was obtained for 3 consecutive weeks. From a 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring performed 1 week later we obtained average systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) BP for daytime, nighttime and 24-h periods. SBP and DBP variability was defined as the within-subject standard deviation of all readings. A standardized cerebral MR was performed in each patient and an LA score was calculated. RESULTS: No statistically significant correlation was obtained between the LA score and any of the following BP values: 1) Baseline SBP and DBP; 2) 24-h, daytime or nighttime SBP and DBP, and 3) 24-h, daytime or nighttime SBP and DBP variability. CONCLUSION: Increased BP variability is not associated with greater amounts of leukoaraiosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Type A behavior, personality hardiness, and cardiovascular responses to stress.

Type A behavior and hardiness were examined as predictors of cardiovascular responses to stress in 68 male undergraduates. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) and heart rate were monitored while subjects performed a difficult mirror-tracing task. Type A assessments based on the Structured Interview, but not those based on the Jenkins Activity Survey, were associated with significantly enhanced SBP and DBP elevations. Hardiness was associated with significantly reduced DBP responsiveness. In addition, a significant interaction indicated that the Type B-high hardiness group showed the least DBP reactivity. A near-significant interaction (p = .06) suggested that Type B-high hardiness subjects also reported the least anger. Further exploration of the data indicated that the challenge component of hardiness accounted for its relationship to DBP reactivity. These results have implications both for the psychophysiologic study of Type A behavior and for understanding the health-promoting effects of hardiness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Blood pressure reactivity in adult male twins.

The purpose of the present investigation was to examine possible genetic contributions to cardiovascular reactivity by contrasting patterns of association in 82 monozygotic (MZ) and 88 dizygotic (DZ) adult male twin pairs (age range = 21 to 61 years, M = 35 years). Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate (HR) were recorded during baseline and during a mental arithmetic task (i.e., serial subtraction). The task produced significant elevations in all three cardiovascular measures (i.e., 10 mmHg SBP, 8 mmHg DBP, and 6 bpm HR, respectively). Levels of SBP and DBP reactivity were significantly correlated in MZ pairs but not in DZ pairs. Statistical tests suggest a heritability estimate of about 50% that was marginally significantly for SBP and DBP changes during the task. There was no indication of a genetic influence on HR reactivity. Resting level and static task period measures of SBP, DBP, and HR demonstrated statistically significant heritability estimates of 60% to 80%.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Free and total 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels in subjects with renal disease.

Patients with nephrotic syndrome and varying degrees of renal failure, including those on chronic hemo- and peritoneal dialysis, may have low serum concentrations of total 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D]. However, it is unknown whether the true activity of 1,25(OH)2D is better reflected by the free 1,25(OH)2D fraction. We measured total 1,25(OH)2D, free 1,25(OH)2D, and vitamin-D-binding protein (DBP) in normal subjects (group A), subjects with moderate renal failure (group B), subjects on hemodialysis (group C), subjects on peritoneal dialysis (group D), and subjects with nephrotic syndrome (group E). The serum concentrations of total and free 1,25(OH)2D decreased with worsening renal function in groups A through C, with a high degree of correlation (r = 0.974, P less than 0.0001). Levels of DBP and the percent free 1,25(OH)2D remained constant in these groups. Patients on peritoneal dialysis and nephrotic patients had lower levels of DBP (203 +/- 14 micrograms/ml and 371 +/- 46 micrograms/ml, respectively) than normal subjects (436 +/- 33 micrograms/ml) and had significantly higher percent free 1,25(OH)2D (0.98 +/- 0.13% and 1.27 +/- 0.14%, respectively) compared to 0.63 +/- 0.03% (P less than 0.05). Thus, the loss of DBP in these patients correlated with a rise in the percent free 1,25(OH)2D. We conclude that levels of total 1,25(OH)2D are an accurate representation of 1,25(OH)2D status in normal subjects, subjects with renal insufficiency without nephrotic syndrome, and hemodialysis patients. In peritoneal dialysis and nephrotic patients, who lose DBP, measurements of free 1,25(OH)2D may be necessary in order to accurately assess 1,25(OH)2D status.

Aged↗