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PubMed2005

Rapid identification of Candida tropicalis from canine cystitis.

The isolate from urine of a dog with cystitis was molecularly identified Candida tropicalis and its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by a microdilution method. The 25S ribosomal DNA sequence analysis indicated that the clinical isolate was essentially identical to that of C. tropicalis and distinct from other Candida species. The MIC(50) and the MIC(90) of fluconazole (FLZ) for the clinical isolate of C. tropicalis was 6.25 and 25 microg/ml, respectively, indicating that susceptibility of the clinical isolate of C. tropicalis to FLZ was less than for other strains of C. tropicalis as well as C. albicans. The molecular analysis as presented in this study assisted the diagnosis of candidiasis by identifying the yeasts in urine samples within 2 days. The patient dog, a 10-year-old male Shih Tzu dog (7.0 kg) referred for examination of cystitis was successfully treated with itraconazole.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Case report: cystitis glandularis mimics bladder tumour: a case report and diagnostic characteristics.

We report a rare case of a 26-year-old patient presented with 3-week history of frank haematuria and suprapubic discomfort. Investigations revealed a tumour arising from the bladder wall and histology demonstrated cystitis glandularis. The literature review highlights the rarity of cystitis glandularis presented in such manner. Our radiographic and endoscopic images can also assist future diagnosis of the condition especially in patients in such age groups.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Primary splenic marginal zone lymphoma with bladder metastases mimicking interstitial cystitis.

We report the case of a 76-year-old patient with a past medical history of low-grade chronic lymphocytic leukaemia who presented with severe chronic bladder symptoms attributed to interstitial cystitis. She underwent cystectomy and ileal conduit formation after the failure of all conventional treatment. Bladder histopathology revealed primary splenic marginal zone lymphoma. Literature review shows the rarity of such non-hematopoietic visceral metastases. This may represent the first reported splenic marginal zone lymphoma with bladder involvement and highlights the clinical and histological similarities with interstitial cystitis.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Current investigations and treatment of interstitial cystitis.

Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a chronic condition characterized by a constellation of symptoms such as urinary frequency, nocturia, urinary urgency, suprapubic pressure, and bladder and pelvic pain. Since its original description, the etiology of the disorder has remained unknown despite intense investigations. The International Cystitis Association (ICA) and the National Institutes of Arthritis, Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) have been instrumental in supporting the United States Interstitial Database (ICDB) and foster research to study the disorder. The NIDDK developed criteria to ensure that all groups of patients treated would be relatively comparable. However, many patients who would be clinically considered to have IC do not fulfill all the NIDDK criteria. Many clinical criteria for the diagnosis of IC, such as the presence of glomerulations and the intravesical potassium chloride test, are being challenged. The epidemiology of the disorder is not well established, but there are an estimated 700,000 cases of IC in the United States. Numerous pathophysiologic mechanisms have been proposed, but none have been proven. There is no representative animal model of IC. Both the oral and intravesical treatments of IC are noncurative, and few are based on a plausible mechanism or scientific evidence. Surgical treatment should be considered with extreme caution; it is the last therapeutic option because failure rate can be substantial.

Biomedical Research↗
PubMed2001

Practice guidelines for the treatment of uncomplicated cystitis.

The Infectious Diseases Society of America has published guidelines for the treatment of uncomplicated cystitis. Recommendations are that for healthy, adult, nonpregnant women with bacterial cystitis, 3 days of trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMZ) or trimethoprim alone is standard therapy in those regions where less than 10% to 20% of Escherichia coli that cause such infections is resistant to TMP/SMZ. In those regions where resistance is more than 10% to 20%, the committee recommended using an oral fluoroquinolone for 3 days, and that alternatives such as nitrofurantoin for 7 days or fosfomycin as single-dose therapy need more study. These recommendations were established in the late 1990s as resistance to TMP/SMZ among uropathogens was increasing in the United States, a phenomenon earlier observed in other parts of the world. Clinicians should be alert to patients infected with possibly resistant organisms, eg, patients who have recently been hospitalized or are receiving antibiotics.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Hyperbaric oxygen for the treatment of radiation cystitis and proctitis.

Chronic radiation cystitis and radiation proctitis are known complications of the use of radiotherapy in the treatment of pelvic malignancies. These complications are, in part, due to endothelial damage and decreased vascularity and oxygenation to pelvic tissues. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy may be able to improve oxygenation and induce angiogenesis in damaged organs, resulting in recovery from radiation injury. Several studies have shown significant rates of response to hyperbaric oxygen treatment, however, no randomized trial exists to definitively demonstrate its effectiveness for cystitis and proctitis. In addition, concerns exist regarding the durability of the beneficial effect.

Cystitis↗
PubMed2006

Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome and interstitial cystitis: are they related?

Interstitial cystitis and chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome are clinical syndromes characterized by pelvic pain with or without voiding symptoms such as urgency and frequency. There are many similarities in their epidemiology, adverse effect on quality of life, etiology/pathophysiology, natural history, and response to similar treatments. However, overlapping clinical definitions and similar entrance criteria for large-scale cohort studies make comparisons problematic. Newer efforts to classify pelvic pain syndromes should help in our recognition that interstitial cystitis and chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome likely are not organ-specific syndromes but urogenital manifestations of regional or systemic abnormalities.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1981

Studies of the pathogenesis of interstitial cystitis, obstructive uropathy, and intestinal malabsorption in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus.

A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is described who displayed the unusual extraglomerular syndromes of interstitial cystitis with obstructive uropathy and severe secretory-type diarrhea with intestinal malabsorption. Pathologic investigations into the nature of these events revealed immunofluorescent deposits in blood vessel walls of the small intestine and urinary bladder. The patient's malabsorption state and cystitis with urinary obstruction regressed with therapy of the SLE. We are postulating that immune complexes from the circulation may deposit in blood vessel walls, and may be responsible for tissue injury in these sites and the clinical manifestations of this patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Hemorrhagic cystitis due to herpes simplex virus as a marker of disseminated herpes infection.

Herpetic cystitis has rarely been reported. Herein are described two immunocompromised female patients with genital or buttock herpetic lesions in whom hemorrhagic cystitis due to herpes simplex virus type 2 developed in the setting of disseminated herpetic infection. Both patients had indwelling Foley catheters. Urinary tract instrumentation may cause local or widespread dissemination of genital herpes in immunocompromised patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Cystitis glandularis.

We present 12 cases of cystitis glandularis which fall into two distinct groups, one characterized by hematuria and the other by urinary tract infection. We can produce no clinical evidence that this disease is premalignant, but emphasize the necessity of histology to exclude malignancy since, macroscopically, the condition is indistinguishable from mitotic changes. We also describe the association of cystitis glandularis and pelvic lipomatosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Eosinophilic cystitis: advanced disease requiring surgical intervention.

Eosinophilic cystitis, a rare disease of unknown origin, simulates bladder neoplasms and interstitial cystitis. Since the first report by Brown in 1959, 35 additional cases have appeared in the literature. Reported here are 3 cases with advanced forms of this disease which failed to respond to antibiotics, antihistamines, steroids, fulguration, and, finally were subjected to cystectomy and urinary diversion after periods of five to fifteen years.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Prospective study of intravesical dimethyl sulfoxide in treatment of suspected early interstitial cystitis.

The efficacy of intravesical instillations of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in the treatment of suspected early interstitial cystitis was investigated in a prospective study. Among 20 patients treated, complete symptomatic remissions were achieved in 3, partial symptomatic remissions were achieved in 16, and 1 had no symptomatic improvement. However, functional bladder capacities following treatment were increased by more than 25 per cent in only 4 cases. Among 16 patients who experienced symptomatic remissions and who have been followed for greater than or equal to four months, 14 had sustained remissions (mean follow-up eleven months) and 2 had unsustained remissions. Clinically apparent toxicity was minimal but transient elevation of the serum lactic acid dehydrogenase was occasionally observed during treatment. DMSO appears to be useful in the management of carefully selected patients with suspected early interstitial cystitis.

Cystitis↗
PubMed1982

Comparison of cinoxacin and nalidixic acid in patients with cystitis.

A single-blind comparative study was undertaken in 95 patients with cystitis. Each patient received either cinoxacin. 250 mg. qid or nalidixic acid, 1 Gm. qid for seven to fourteen days. Fifty-five patients fulfilled all the criteria for efficacy evaluations; in the cinoxacin-treated group, 26 patients (93 per cent) had a satisfactory symptomatic response, and in the nalidixic acid group there were 25 patients (93 per cent) with a satisfactory symptomatic response. The bacteriologic response was also similar in both groups. One patient in each group became reinfected with a new pathogen and in 1 patient, who received conoxacin, the causative pathogen was not eliminated. four female patients in the cinoxacin group had seven adverse drug reactions, compared with 9 patients in the nalidixic acid group who had 18 adverse reactions. It is concluded that cinoxacin has advantages over nalidixic acid for the treatment of patients with cystitis due to susceptible organisms.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Prevention of cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis.

The occurrence of hemorrhagic cystitis with the use of high-dose cyclophosphamide is thought to be a toxic effect of cyclophosphamide metabolites directly on the bladder mucosa. To decrease both the concentration of metabolites in contact with the bladder mucosa and the time of such contact, a regimen of diuresis and frequent voiding or catheter drainage was instituted in patients at risk for the development of hemorrhage. Prior to institution of this regimen, 8 of 97 patients experienced massive clot-producing hemorrhage, three-quarters of whom died as a direct result of such hemorrhage. Subsequent to use of this regimen, only 1 of 198 patients experienced this degree of hemorrhage. Although this is only a phase II study, the dramatic decrease in the incidence of hemorrhage strongly suggests the efficacy of this regimen in decreasing the potential morbidity associated with cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis.

Cyclophosphamide↗
PubMed1985

Nephrogenic adenoma associated with interstitial cystitis.

A nephrogenic adenoma occurring in a forty-five-year-old male with a past history of urinary tract infection and interstitial cystitis is described. Four years after the diagnosis of interstitial cystitis, nephrogenic adenoma developed. The patient underwent a total cystoprostatectomy and urinary diversion for bilateral vesicoureteral reflux and progressive and incapacitating symptoms that persisted in spite of accepted standards of management for this disease. This case further supports the role of chronic inflammatory processes of the bladder in the subsequent development of nephrogenic adenoma.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1985

Ureteral involvement complicating eosinophilic cystitis.

A thirty-three-year-old woman was evaluated for eosinophilia, irritative bladder symptoms, and renal insufficiency. Eosinophilic cystitis was documented by bladder biopsy and glomerulonephritis by renal biopsy. As the glomerulonephritis and other symptoms resolved, unilateral ureteral obstruction developed with irreversible loss of right renal function. The distal ureter was found to have eosinophilic infiltration. This entity should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unilateral ureteral obstruction associated with cystitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Treatment of radiation cystitis with hyperbaric oxygen.

A patient with severe radiation cystitis resistant to current therapy was treated with hyperbaric oxygen to facilitate closure of a vesicocutaneous fistula. In addition to the fistula healing, her symptoms of radiation cystitis have not recurred for over a year and a half.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Bladder detrusor endometriosis mimicking interstitial cystitis.

Endometriosis involving the muscular wall of the bladder may cause symptoms similar to those of interstitial cystitis. Vesical endometriosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of interstitial cystitis, especially in patients with a history of prior gynecologic or pelvic surgery.

Adult↗