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PubMed1991

[Funeral rituals, mourning and mental health].

11 informants who were mourning relatives or friends who had died during the last five years were interviewed by a priest, who asked about their relationship to the deceased, their participation in funeral rituals and their experience of their own mourning process. The respondents endorsed the following scales: SCL-90 Depression subscale, Intrinsic, Extrinsic and Quest Scales, Doctrinal Orthodoxy Scale, Liberal Belief Scale, Moral Conservatism Index and Humanistic Mortality Scale. Each respondent was evaluated hermeneutically in a pastoral-clinical way, and the whole material was treated statistically. The extrinsic person uses his religion to attain comfort, security, and social acceptance, and it is not deeply integrated in his personality. The extrinsic religious orientation correlated positively with a prolonged mourning process and depression. It can be tentatively concluded that extensive participation in funeral rituals seems to prevent a prolonged mourning process and resulting depression.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Future fear: prenatal duties imposed by private parties.

The national abortion debate, rising drug use and homelessness, and the return to conservatism intersect in the trend which increasingly recognizes fetal rights, often at the expense of women's rights. Pregnant women, as never before, are faced with criminal charges and physical invasions in the name of protection of fetuses. This Note examines the sociological forces creating these situations and suggests better solutions. The Note cautions against the future fear that private parties will claim a legal right to interfere with a pregnant woman's behavior, and illustrates the need to prevent it.

Beginning of Human Life↗
PubMed1991

Morphological features of gut ontogeny in the parasitic mite Varroa jacobsoni.

The study was focused on the morphological features of the gut through all of its developmental stages in both male and female V. jacobsoni from the drone brood. Histochemical methods were used. Along with histophysiological similarities, there are morphological differences in the gut structure in male and female. Gut development in this parasite's ontogeny is characterized by both morphological conservatism and substantial functional flexibility.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Laser surgery for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

The laser has provided a relatively easy and safe method for treating all types of CIN. The advantages of lasers include great conservatism due to tissue sparing, great precision because of microsurgical method, combination of excisions and vaporization possible, suitable for therapy of multifocal disease, uncluttered field, and good hemostasis. Although other modalities have also been used successfully in the therapy of this disease, it appears that none are so versatile as CO2 laser or possess its ability to accurately treat the multifocal disease that may involve large surface areas of the lower reproductive tract. It seems unlikely that any of the cervical ablation methods--chemical destruction, hot cautery, diathermy electrode, cryoprobe, laser, and diathermy loop--will completely disappear from use in the near future. Ablation is an attractive alternative to cold-knife excision in properly triaged patients, since it is almost always an outpatient procedure done without anesthesia or with only local anesthesia. Most importantly, a large number of patients have completely visible lesions of a severity less than that of in situ cancer; they really do not need excisional conization by any technique and benefit by quick ablation of the transformation zone. A conization, to be diagnostic and therapeutic, must remove the entire transformation zone to the proper depth. This procedure is almost always attended by a higher morbidity rate than is simple ablation. Laser excisional conization and the large loop excision of the transformation zone procedure are similar in a number of respects, because the operator must have certain capabilities and a through understanding of the disease to be treated to perform the operation correctly.

Carcinoma in Situ↗
PubMed1991

Predictive probability in clinical trials.

In a recent paper, Choi and Pepple (1989, Biometrics 45, 317-323) consider the use of predictive probabilities in the monitoring of clinical trials. In particular, they characterise the predictive probability as a "useful conservative measure" for monitoring purposes. In this note the nature and source of this "conservatism" are investigated.

Biometry↗
PubMed1977

General principles of antimicrobial therapy.

In the initial therapy of life-threatening infections in which a bacterial cause is suspected, the emphasis should be on broad antibiotic coverage in contrast to definitive therapy, which is dependent on microbial isolation and, when indicated, in vitro susceptibility tests. In severe infections, antimicrobial agents should be given parenterally, at least initially. The need for optimal dosage is emphasized. This is particularly important when aminoglycosides are administered, for there is a tendency to use inadequate dosage because of concern for potential side effects with these agents. The problems leading to recurrence and persistence of fever during antimicrobial therapy include failure to diagnose and drain abscesses, superinfection, drug fever, and clinical or microbiologic errors. Combinations of antibiotics are indicated in severe infections in severe infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterococcal group D streptococci, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Cryptococcus neoformans. Laboratory aid for the selection of antimicrobial therapy can be of great value but need not always be done, because certain microorganisms have stable, predictable susceptibilities, for example, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes. Cautious conservatism is advocated with regard to the use of new antimicrobial agents.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1990

[Structural organization of a segment of chromosome, containing the vir gene of Bordetella pertussis].

To study the structural arrangement of the chromosomal region containing vir genes of Bordetella pertussis the corresponding 15 kb fragment of Bordetella pertussis chromosomal DNA has been cloned. The sequence homology to an earlier characterized Bordetella pertussis genetical element RSBP1 and flanked by two 400 bp inverted repeats has been shown to be located at an end of a BamHI fragment. The restriction map of Bordetella pertussis 475 coincides with the previously published maps of Bordetella pertussis Tohama and 18323 permitting one to conclude the definite conservatism of the cloned sequence. The preliminary data obtained make possible mapping of the RSBP1 homologous sequence adjacent to adenylate cyclase, agglutinin 2 and pertussis toxin genes. The possible role of RSBP1 elements in the regulation of Bordetella virulence is suggested.

Bordetella pertussis↗
PubMed1990

[Single diverticulum of perforated cecum. Report of 5 cases].

Cecal diverticulitis is a relatively rare disease, which closely mimics the picture of acute appendicitis. At times it is difficult to differentiate from carcinoma. Five cases of cecal diverticulitis are reported, with a discussion of some salient features of this condition. Although two cases were treated with a right hemicolectomy, a plea for conservatism in the treatment of this disease is made.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Comparative analysis of the structure and function of recA genes from Serratia marcescens Sb and Escherichia coli K-12].

Nucleotide sequence of the 1276 bp fragment of Serratia marcescens DNA coding for the recASM gene has been determined. This structure was shown to contain an ORF corresponding to a protein with molecular weight of 37766 D. Comparative analysis of the regulatory part of recASM and recAEC (Escherichia coli) demonstrated identity of "-35" and "-10" boxes for these genes and similarity of the SOS box and the enhancer sequences. A comparison of the amino acids sequences of RecASM, RecAEC and RecAPA (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) proteins revealed a great conservatism in the N-terminus and in some structural patches (alpha-helices and beta-sheets) of the RecA proteins predicted by the model of Blanar et al. In contrast, a strong variability of the C-terminus (for the last 25 amino acids, in particular) was revealed. A necessity for definite amino acids composition of the carboxy-terminal end is discussed.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

A regional approach to patient selection and evaluation for liposuction.

Any area of the body where the deformity is due to regional excess fat and where there is overlying good skin tone is presumably amenable to body contouring by liposuction. It is an understandable temptation to attempt to remove large quantities of fat without major surgery and without noticeable scars. With experience, the surgeon will be able to estimate preoperatively the amount of fat that should be removed. However, liposuction is a procedure that requires conservatism because overzealous fat removal can generally leave unsightly permanent sequelae. Careful patient selection and proper identification of the correct indications of the technique are of paramount importance in achieving good aesthetic results and in avoiding complications. The ideal candidate is young, with good skin tone, moderate localized fatty deposits, and realistic expectations. There is certainly a wide range of patients who will benefit from the use of liposuction, and the average patient with less-than-ideal indications is more commonly encountered. The poor candidate is obese or has a significant deformity, poor skin tone, and, ironically, the most unrealistic expectations. Old age is not an absolute contraindication, although with increased age there is a concomitant decrease in elastic fibers, resulting in decreased capability to adapt a new contour. However, many patients "past their prime" will also have an acceptable cosmetic result and are particularly pleased with their changed, clothed silhouette. Appropriate patient selection, appreciation of the underlying anatomy, and judicious surgical technique are all essential for optimal results and patient satisfaction. Liposuction as described, either alone or as an adjunct to other procedures, allows for optimal aesthetic correction of figure faults due to adipose tissue.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1990

Update on trauma care in Canada. 2. Update on pediatric trauma.

Selective conservatism is the key to the rational management of pediatric trauma, realizing that children may harbour severe occult injuries. The modern treatment of childhood abdominal trauma best exemplifies this approach: nonoperative management of splenic trauma is now standard for children, and a selective conservative approach is advised in the handling of childhood liver and pancreatic injuries. Prevention of childhood injuries should be the goal. The development of a national database of childhood trauma should provide the basis for action to educate and legislate for prevention. When prevention fails, however, up-to-date quality pediatric trauma care is the key.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1990

Common multiple comparison procedures.

With all the multiple comparison tests cited above, the logical question is, "Which procedure is best?" The answer to this question depends on whether an individual's decisions regarding differences should be conservative or nonconservative. The most powerful tests (LSD and Duncan's) are nonconservative (ie, more likely to detect a significant difference when it doesn't exist). Scheff's S method is so conservative that it is not useful when pairwise comparisons are desired and is more appropriate for "data dredging," that is, looking at contrasts suggested by the data. Waller and Duncan have proposed a k ratio rule to determine whether one needs to use a conservative rule (such as Tukey's) or a nonconservative rule (such as Fisher's LSD). In practice, the SNK procedure is commonly used because it is a good compromise between power and conservatism.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Some aspects of doctor-patient relationships and the older patient.

A study of doctor-patient relationships concerning older patients was carried out among general practitioners in German-speaking Switzerland. Information was sought by questionnaire on general practitioners' personal characteristics and characteristics of practice (independent variables), on attitudes and personality characteristics (intervening variables), and on consultation behavior (dependent variables). Findings indicated the effects of personal background factors, of personality characteristics, and of attitudes on consulting behavior of general practitioners vis-à-vis the elderly. A causal path analysis was carried out and showed that general practitioners' age (and what age stands for in terms of life events) and, to a lesser extent, proportion of elderly in the practice were important causal determinants in general practitioners' consulting behavior vis-à-vis the elderly. Other variables were also found to be significant as causal links; these included preventive orientation, attitude to the aged, extraversion, and conservatism. In conclusion, some practical implications are briefly discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[New possibilities in kidney transplantation from live unrelated donors].

The kidney transplantation, as a method of medical treatment, could not be developed faster in our country for many years. A number of demands for transplantation grows much faster than our modest capability. The similar, but in a rather smaller degree, this problem occurs in some other countries in the world. The main cause is: the organization of corpse collecting and the conservatism of doctors. The latter problem, in the countries of western hemisphere, is surpassed more easily by a doctor codex and a legal obligation that involves doctors actively in this process, which is not the case in our country. The organization of corpse collecting in some states of the USA is highly developed, but however it does not give sufficient number of organs for the cadaveric transplantation. New, additional possibilities are found: the taking of even organs (kidneys) from alive unrelated donors, spouses, which excludes the possibility of greed and gives, only in the USA, about 1.500 additional alive transplantations per year. The complementary medical attitude towards the increasing of number of cadaveric transplantations is: considerably freely taking of kidneys from cadavers without tissue compatibility, only with the compatibility of blood groups of ABO system. Since the immunological criteria, in our country, are very intensified by the Zagreb immunology group, e.g. from 75-100% for alive transplantation, or the minimum of 50% tissue compatibility for cadaveric transplantation, this old-fashioned attitude has considerably lowered the number of transplantations in our country.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Histocompatibility↗
PubMed1990

Multivariate interpretation of laboratory tests used in monitoring patients.

This study demonstrates an approach to the problem of minimizing false-negative and false-positive laboratory findings. In this approach, we consider the fact that results of laboratory tests are correlated, utilize within-person test results to interpret current results, and minimize the impact of multivariate conservatism by examining test results in small groups. The procedure requires panels of tests to be divided into related subpanels, testing each subpanel independently, and using the Bonferroni inequality to determine whether any of the observed values for a given subpanel is "out-of-range." The procedure is demonstrated, and its limitations are observed and discussed.

Chemistry, Clinical↗
PubMed1988

[Use of monoclonal antibodies in comparative studies of Ca, Mg-dependent endonuclease in cell nuclei].

Eight hybridoma cell lines derived from fusion between myeloma X-63 and mouse splenocytes were found to secrete monoclonal antibodies against Ca/Mg-dependent endonuclease of human spleen cell nuclei. Two of them, termed N and S, were used in comparative research of enzymes from different organs and species of animals. The data obtained show that N and S antibodies recognize different antigenic determinants of the enzyme molecule. Cross-reactions of antibodies with different antigens having similar antigenic determinants, exist in Ca/Mg-endonuclease of such species as man, mouse, rat and cattle. The evolutionary conservatism of this enzyme is suggested. The data show that the existence of tissue-specific (thymus-specific and spleen-specific) isoforms of Ca/Mg-endonuclease of cell nuclei is possible.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Receptor-mediated endocytosis and intracellular processing of insulin: ultrastructural and biochemical evidence for cell-specific heterogeneity and distinction from nonhormonal ligands.

This review has presented some of the data which indicate that there are substantial differences in the mechanisms of receptor-mediated uptake and intracellular processing of ligands. Data from various laboratories indicate that receptor-mediated endocytosis is not necessarily synonymous with the concentrative, coated-pit-mediated internalization of ligand-receptor complexes. That differences exist both between the internalization of different types of ligands on the same cell type and between different types of cells for same ligand has clearly been documented. The differences in mechanisms or structures involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis have been demonstrated both biochemically and ultrastructurally. The reasons for these two diverse internalization pathways utilizing coated and non-coated membrane domains are not known and require further investigation to substantiate or disprove hypotheses presented here and elsewhere. Similarly, while differences in intracellular routing of hormonal and non-hormonal ligands and their receptors certainly exist, the factors controlling the itinerary of the ligand or its receptor need to be identified. The differences in ligand-receptor processing already demonstrated should indicate that interpretation of the results of future studies must be made with a great deal of caution and conservatism particularly when attempting to apply knowledge of one ligand and cell system to pharmacologically, ultrastructurally, or physiologically dissimilar systems.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1989

[Immunomorphologic study of vertebrate renal glomerula using antibodies to intermediate filament proteins].

A comparative immunomorphologic study was carried out on cryostate sections of renal tissue of plaice (Pleuronectes platessa L.) and rat, using specific antibodies against the proteins of intermediate filaments--cytokeratins and vimentin. No cytokeratins were revealed in cells of renal glomerula in both the animals under investigation. Indirect immunofluorescence of the polyclonal serum against vimentin showed brightly coloured capillaries of the renal glomerula of plaice and weakly coloured ones of rat. At the same time cells of parietal epithelium of the Bowman capsule showed trace or negative reaction. The electron microscopic control revealed a powerful development of intermediate filament system in the podocyte cytoplasm of plaice, and a dense microfilament network and plural bundles of microtubules in the podocyte cytoplasm of rats. Problems of conservatism of the vimentin intermediate filaments in the evolution are discussed in addition to the present theories of the origin and development of renal glomerula of the vertebrates.

Animals↗