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Results for “Compulsive Personality Disorder”

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PubMed1995

Obsessive-compulsive symptom clusters and urinary amine correlates in Tourette syndrome.

This study was conducted to identify clusters of obsessive-compulsive characteristics in Tourette syndrome subjects and to explore their neurochemical correlates. Patients completed a 40-item questionnaire assessing obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Each subject had a 24-hour urine specimen collected and analyzed for a variety of biogenic amines and their metabolites. Factor analysis identified eight symptom clusters, the majority of which appeared to reflect obsessive symptoms. Consistent relationships were observed between symptom clusters and levels of catecholamine and indolamine amines and metabolites. Overall, the primary metabolite of serotonin, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, appeared to be the most highly correlated with the individual obsessive-compulsive symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Performance of subclinical compulsive checkers on putative tests of frontal and temporal lobe memory functions.

Previous research suggests that compulsive checking is associated with a deficit in memory for actions. In addition, evidence indicates frontal lobe involvement in both obsessive-compulsive disorder and in the monitoring of self-ordered actions. We examined the relationship between compulsive checking and performance on tests putatively related to frontal and temporal lobe memory functions. Subjects consisted of two groups of 14 university students identified as checkers or noncheckers according to the checking subscale of the Maudsley Obsessional-Compulsive Inventory. Checkers demonstrated significantly poorer ability to monitor their responses on the frontal task and a trend toward better long-term visuospatial memory. When the effect of trait anxiety was controlled for, the frontal effect was reduced to a trend, but the visuospatial memory advantage was enhanced. Although both a frontal deficit and enhanced long-term visuospatial memory may contribute to compulsive checking, trait anxiety seems to play a moderating role.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome with and without obsessive-compulsive disorder compared with obsessive-compulsive disorder without tics: which symptoms discriminate?

Stereotyped repetitive behaviors occur in Gilles de la Tourette's Syndrome (GTS) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The present study was undertaken to compare the distribution of obsessive-compulsive and Tourette-related impulsive behaviors in GTS with (+) OCD, GTS without (-) OCD, tic-free OCD, and control subjects. Fourteen GTS + OCD, 18 GTS-OCD, 21 OCD-tic, and 29 control subjects were evaluated using a semistructured interview designed to assess GTS and OCD-related repetitive behaviors. Each reported item was evaluated on the presence of anxiety and goal-directedness. This information was subsequently used to define whether the repetitive behavior was an (anxiety-related) obsession or compulsion, or a (non-anxiety-related) OC-like behavior, impulsion. GTS + OCD subjects reported more overall Tourette-related impulsions than OCD-tic subjects, i.e., more mental play, echophenomena, and touching behaviors but similar frequencies of typical obsessive-compulsive behaviors. Further, GTS + OCD subjects exhibited more overall repetitive behaviors than GTS-OCD subjects, i.e., more Tourette-related impulsions as well as more obsessive-compulsive behaviors. The distribution of symptoms is similar in GTS with and without OCD, and differs from tic-free OCD. These differences suggest that GTS with OCD constitutes a form of GTS, not of OCD, although the possibility that GTS + OCD patients constitute a subgroup distinct from GTS and from OCD can not be excluded by this phenomenological study. Specific non-anxiety-related impulsions seem to discriminate between GTS and OCD-tic individuals. These impulsions possibly reflect differences in underlying mechanisms between GTS and OCD-tics.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Dissociation in adolescent girls with anorexia: relationship to comorbid psychopathology.

This study investigated the relationship between dissociation and psychological symptoms in adolescent girls with anorexia. First, the psychometric properties of the Adolescent Dissociative Experiences Scale (A-DES) were examined using data from 181 nonclinical adolescent boys and girls. Thereafter, A-DES scores and correlations with a range of psychological symptoms were compared across 20 girls with anorexia, 19 mixed clinical girls, and 86 nonclinical girls. The A-DES had a one-factor structure and good psychometric characteristics. Dissociation scores were significantly correlated with level of symptomatology for all groups. Although the group with anorexia did not have significantly higher dissociation scores than the other two groups, dissociation in the anorexic girls was related to psychopathology in a distinct way. Adolescent girls with anorexia appear to use dissociation specifically to avoid processing angry affect with an interpersonal basis, although it is also related to their use of somatization, and obsessive-compulsive features.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Psychogenic purpura in a man.

A 53-year-old man with chronic back and leg pain developed recurrent painful ecchymoses after lumbar laminectomy. No hematologic abnormality could be detected, but an ecchymosis developed after subcutaneous injection of his blood into the region of pain. A detailed study of the psychological setting of the illness and his personality revealed this to be an example of psychogenic purpura. This is the third report of the syndrome in a male.

Accident Proneness↗
PubMed1977

Emotional factors in inflammatory bowel disease.

Inflammatory bowel diseases are not caused by emotional conflicts, but emotional factors influence both the pathogenesis and the course of the illness. Establishing a trusting physician-patient relationship is important in helping the patient to (1) avoid denial of illness or chronic illness behavior, (2) understand symptoms and diagnostic and treatment procedures, and (3) cope with loss of a key person or the threat of lessened self-control.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Co-occurrence of obsessive-compulsive personality traits in young and middle-aged Japanese alcohol-dependent men.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies may have underestimated the potential importance of the prevalence of obsessive-compulsive traits among persons with alcoholism. Although many studies have examined the characteristics of young alcoholics compared with middle-aged alcoholics, none has compared the prevalence of obsessive-compulsive traits in young and middle-aged alcoholics. METHODS: This study compared the prevalence of obsessive-compulsive traits (Leyton Obsessional Inventory) and depressive symptoms (Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale) among young (n=41) and middle-aged (n=34) hospitalized Japanese male alcoholics and in young (n=28) and middle-aged (n=25) nonalcoholic subjects. RESULTS: Both young and middle-aged male alcoholics reported more obsessive-compulsive personality traits and depressive symptoms than their comparison groups. However, the alcoholic subjects' obsessive-compulsive personality traits were not related to their level of depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Young and middle-aged male Japanese alcoholics have more obsessive-compulsive personality traits than nonalcoholic males of similar ages. Their alcohol-related psychological and behavioral characteristics may derive, in part, from their obsessive-compulsive symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Development of a chinese version of the Yale-Brown obsessive compulsive scale for heavy drinking.

BACKGROUND: Measurement of craving is an important component in the investigation of the etiology and clinical pictures of alcoholism and dependence of other substances in different cultures. The aim of this study was to develop a Chinese version of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale for heavy drinking (YBOCS-hd-C), the instrument most frequently used in assessing the severity of alcohol craving in Taiwan. METHODS: Four hundred twenty Han Chinese (220 with alcohol use disorders) and 218 Bunun aborigines (150 with alcohol use disorders) in Taiwan were interviewed by mental health professionals with the YBOCS-hd-C and a Chinese version of the World Health Organization Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry to establish the psychiatric diagnosis. Validity and reliability of the YBOCS-hd-C were examined. RESULTS: The YBOCS-hd-C was found to have acceptable interrater reliability (intraclass correlation, 0.89-0.96), internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.99), construct validity, concurrent validity, and cross-cultural validity. The correlations between 10 items of the YBOCS-hd-C and 11 items of the World Health Organization Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry adjusted for age, gender, and ethnicity ranged from 0.39 to 1.00. The YBOCS-hd-C also discriminated effectively among individuals with alcohol dependence, alcohol abusers, and normal drinkers. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that the YBOCS-hd-C is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing the extent of craving for alcohol in Taiwanese Han and Bunun individuals.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Reduced anterior cingulate glutamatergic concentrations in childhood OCD and major depression versus healthy controls.

OBJECTIVE: To examine in vivo glutamatergic neurochemical alterations in the anterior cingulate cortex of pediatric patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) without major depressive disorder (MDD) versus pediatric patients with MDD without OCD and healthy controls. METHOD: Single-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic examinations of the anterior cingulate cortex were conducted in 14 psychotropic-naïve children and adolescents with MDD without OCD, 10 to 19 years of age, 14 case-matched healthy controls, and 20 nondepressed, psychotropic-naïve pediatric patients with OCD 7 to 19 years of age. RESULTS: Anterior cingulate glutamatergic concentrations were significantly reduced in both patients with OCD (15.1% decrease) and patients with MDD (18.7% decrease) compared with controls. Anterior cingulate glutamatergic concentrations did not differ significantly between patients with OCD and those with MDD. CONCLUSIONS: Altered anterior cingulate glutamatergic neurotransmission may be involved in the pathogenesis of OCD and MDD. These preliminary findings further suggest that reduced anterior cingulate glutamate does not differentiate pediatric patients with OCD from pediatric patients with MDD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

An obsessive-compulsive subtype of schizotypy: evidence from a nonclinical sample.

Obsessive-compulsive (OC) and schizotypal symptoms are highly correlated in clinical samples. The current study investigated the presence of schizotypal and OC symptomatology in a large undergraduate sample using factor and cluster analysis and t test comparison of cluster groups. Separate clusters of individuals reporting high levels of schizotypal and OC symptoms versus purely schizotypal symptoms emerged and demonstrated different overall symptom profiles. Individuals with high levels of pure schizotypy symptoms demonstrated a prevalence of interpersonal symptoms, including restricted affect, and few close friends. In contrast, those with high levels of both schizotypy and OC symptoms demonstrated higher cognitive/perceptual symptoms, including ideas of reference and suspiciousness. Consistent with research in clinical populations, results suggest greater prevalence of positive symptoms in individuals experiencing both schizotypal and OC disorder symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Photosensitive epilepsy.

Although epilepsy remains an unsolved medical problem, there is a type of epilepsy known as 'photosensitive epilepsy' described in the medical literature that could serve as the window to understanding the pathophysiology of all epilepsies. Photosensitive epilepsy is a seizure phenomenon caused by exposure to bright and/or flickering light. This type of epilepsy has been estimated to occur in one of every 10,000 people. The nurse's role in this pathological state includes meticulous notations of seizure activity, adverse medication reactions, and psychological assessment of the photosensitive epileptic client.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Psychological and psychiatric aspects of pain.

The relationship of pain to personality and the significance have been discussed. Pain may first be evidence of tissue damage, secondly it may be used as a means of communicating emotional distress to others and thirdly, it may be a means of manipulating others, expressing hostility or relieving guilt. The evidence is clear that an understanding of mental life and its relation to pain is important if this symptoms is to be dealt with effectively, irrespective of whether it is physical or psychogenic in origin.

Adolescent↗