Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Cognitive Science”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

An information processing system for scheduling of nurse assignments by head nurses.

Implementation of the nurse scheduling task is a difficult problem for head nurses because it is a multi-period, multi-criteria decision-making problem with the condition that it meet the requirements of the patients, the hospital administration, and the staff nurses. There have been many research studies done using the following methods: cyclic method, mathematical modelling method, heuristic method and expert system approach. Without a theoretical review of head nurses' problem-solving processes, the limitations of inflexible computational modelling in comparison to the complex, real problem-solving process must be recognised. This research applies the cognitive scientific approach which uses protocol analysis and computer simulation. It will be used as basic data for a decision support system which will be constructed as a result of protocol analysis (collect data, analyse the head nurses' problem-solving process) and cognitive process simulation. Research in phase II will develop the following research lists: first; construction of databases including each nurse's major attributes as a data field, second; development of schedule optimising modules, and third; development of user interface for communication between head nurses and staff nurses using the system.

Cognitive Science↗
PubMed1997

Developing informatics as a discipline.

Informatics is developing in all of the disciplines related to healthcare. There are many aspects to informatics development which frequently appear to be unrelated and to lack cohesion. This paper builds on the development of a model for nursing informatics and proposes how the components of that model can interact to provide an outline for the development of informatics as a discipline. A understanding of the disciple allows us to organize the existing research and more importantly to understand the areas where research is lacking as the discipline is evolving.

Classification↗
PubMed1999

An examination of social cognitive theory with differences among sexually aggressive, physically aggressive and nonaggressive children in state care.

Three groups of boys in Washington State care (37 sexually aggressive, 17 physically aggressive, and 15 nonaggressive) are compared on measures of behavior and cognition. Bandura's Social Cognition theory is offered as a possible explanation for sexual aggression by children. Two theory-based hypothesis are tested. First, are sexually aggressive children cognitively deficient when compared to the other groups? Second, do the sexually aggressive children have cognitive distortions about their behavior and about sex? Similarities were found in the aggressive and sexually aggressive groups on several measures. Physically aggressive boys were found to have some sexual behavior problems. Sexually aggressive boys were also found to be physically aggressive. Physically aggressive boys were found to have the least severe and least frequent victimization history. No support was found for the first hypothesis, while some evidence of cognitive distortions regarding both social behavior and sex was found in the sexually aggressive children. Discussion and some implications for research and practice are offered.

Aggression↗
PubMed1999

The Children's Cognitive Triad Inventory: reliability, validity, and congruence with Beck's cognitive triad theory of depression.

Depression, once thought rare in children, is now more widely recognized and believed to arise from negative views of self, world, and future, according to Beck's cognitive theory of depression. The Cognitive Triad Inventory for children measures the three negative views, and although reported as psychometrically adequate, this study extended previous analyses with confirmatory factor analysis in a sample of 122 school-aged children. Internal consistency was .82 (total scale) but ranged from .54 to .76 for subscales reflecting the views of self, world, and future. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed factors reflecting three aspects of the self rather than the three negative views. The findings suggest that Beck's theory about the negative cognitive triad may be less suitable for children than adults.

Child↗
PubMed1996

First use of cognitive algorithms in investigations under compensated gravity.

In the present paper the use of cognitive algorithms for solving a wide spectrum of problems which often arise in investigations under compensated gravity is suggested. Applying such algorithms in the preparation and performance of experiments provides a substantial assistance to the experimentator as the behaviour of complex processes can be described and predicted correctly even when unexpected perturbations occur. Furthermore, an essential advantage of cognitive computing consists in the fact that the description and optimisation of the processes considered are possible also in such cases in which the corresponding basic equations are not known or not treatable practically. For convenience, the basic ideas of cognitive algorithms are discussed here. Due to their special relevance for investigations under compensated gravity algorithms based on fuzzy logic (FL) and artificial neuronal networks (ANN) are elucidated more in detail. In order to illustrate some advantages of cognitive computing exemplary results for the flow field induced by coaxial rotating disks are given. This represents the first attempt to use the benefits provided by cognitive algorithms in investigations under compensated gravity. The flow field between rotating disks plays an important role not only in experiments under compensated gravity but also in a wide range of terrestrial applications. A comparison of the results found by solving the Navier-Stokes equations and those from the prediction performed by ANN adequately trained shows an excellent agreement. However, the calculation times needed by the ANN are significantly smaller than that of the direct numerical simulation. Therefore, the real time prediction of the results from a running experiment seems to be possible.

Algorithms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Where do moral decisions come from?

[Mark] Johnson asks us to take seriously theory as an imaginative construction that offers, not an objective account of the world, but a dynamic, intersubjective construal of it....A common feature [of the four books discussed] is the conviction that moral universals are somehow bound up with dynamic processes that have their origin in the human form, not with disembodied rules or rational arguments per se.

Bioethics↗
PubMed2002

Freud's 'problem': cognitive neuroscience & psychoanalysis working together on memory.

The first part of this paper discusses the development of Freud's views on memory from the time of the Project up to the formulation of the second topography. Freud's attempts to match his psychological views with an organic model were necessarily inconclusive, but in the process many innovative ideas about memory can be seen to resonate with recent developments in cognitive neuroscience. A brief discussion of perceptual identity, internal perception and Freud's affect theory introduce the central theoretical idea in the second half of the paper, namely that Identification can be seen as a form of memory. Modern memory theory is linked with the superego, following which the author proposes that internal objects might be renamed 'memory-objects' and that these can be understood in terms of the distinction made in cognitive neuroscience between implicit and explicit memory and between different parts of the brain, in particular the amygdala, the basal ganglia and the hippocampus. Klein's 'memory in feeling' and the views of Fairbairn and Ogden in relation to the dynamic nature of internal objects are briefly discussed. The paper ends with a few comments on the aberrations of memory and some implications of the implicit memory-object system.

Cognitive Science↗
PubMed2003

[Neurophysiologic mechanisms of face recognition].

During the last three decades, the mechanisms implicated in face perception and recognition, have been investigated with an interdisciplinary approach. On one hand, in psychology, models of cognitive architectures have been developed in which the different kinds of mental operations in the processing of face have been identified. On the other hand, a lot of studies in neuropsychology have analyzed the deficits in visual processing of face, specifically due to lesions or dysfunctions of the central nervous system. Finally, research in neurophysiology (cellular recording in animal and functional cerebral imagery in man) have tried to highlight the complex assembly of cerebral areas implicated in these different operations. Besides a short summary of the principal data collected in this interdisciplinary approach, we present in this contribution results obtained in our laboratory and in the context of an "Action de recherche concertée", in the fields of neuropsychology and cerebral functional imagery.

Animals↗