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At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Isolation of a coronavirus from a green-cheeked Amazon parrot (Amazon viridigenalis Cassin).

A virus (AV71/99) was isolated from a green-cheeked Amazon parrot by propagation and passage in both primary embryo liver cells derived from blue and yellow macaw (Ara ararauna) embryos and chicken embryo liver cells. Electron microscopic examination of cytopathic agents derived from both types of cell cultures suggested that it was a coronavirus. This was confirmed using a pan-coronavirus reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction that amplified part of gene 1 that encodes the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. The deduced sequence of 66 amino acids had 66 to 74% amino acid identity with the corresponding sequence of coronaviruses in groups 1, 2 and 3. Several other oligonucleotide primer pairs that give PCR products corresponding to genes 3, 5, N and the 3'-untranslated region of infectious bronchitis virus, turkey coronavirus and pheasant coronavirus (all in group 3) failed to do so with RNA from the parrot coronavirus. This is the first demonstration of a coronavirus in a psittacine species.

Amazona↗
PubMed1980

Lower eyelid reconstruction by V-Y advancement cheek flap.

Another method of one-stage total reconstruction of the lower eyelid is reported. The usually discarded cheek triangle of the Mustardé technique is advanced superiorly, covering a chondromucosal composite graft used for lining and support.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Facelift approach with a hybrid SMAS rotation advancement flap in parotidectomy for prevention of scars and contour deficiency affecting the neck and sweat secretion of the cheek.

Tumors of the parotid gland are generally be removed by the standard external bayonet-shaped incision approach without reconstruction of the parotid bed. The disadvantage of this approach is frequently an obvious scar affecting the neck and a conspicuous hollow contour around the angle of the mandible in addition to a sweat secretion of the cheek (Frey syndrome). To overcome these disadvantages, especially the facial depressed deformity subsequent to parotid surgery, during the last several years, the author has concentrated on facelift incision used in combination with a hybrid SMAS rotation advancement flap. Twelve patients (7 male; 5 female) ranging in age from 32 to 73 years (mean age, 57.8 years) fulfilled the selection criterion of having a clinically benign discrete parotid lump with a benign preoperative fine-needle cytology result. Parotidectomy was performed using the modified facelift incision in conjunction with the rotation advancement hybrid SMAS flap. All patients were followed up every 3 months during the first year. During follow-up, the patients were specifically asked about their satisfaction with their postoperative appearance and whether they would consent to the operation again. The vascularized hybrid vicryl mesh/SMAS rotation advancement flap is clinically simple to perform and provides satisfactory cosmetic and functional results in patients undergoing conservative parotidectomy and prevents the gustatory sweating. There are no drawbacks to the use of the modified facelift incision to remove tumors of the parotid gland.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMed2004

Different effects of L-type and L+N-type calcium channel blockers on hamster cheek pouch venules.

Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers are not uniform in terms of their action on calcium channel. L-type calcium channel blockers dilate the resistance arterioles. Cilnidipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker that also acts on N-type calcium channels, and may dilate venules through its effect on the sympathetic receptor. The influence of an L-type calcium channel blocker (nifedipine) or this L+N type blocker at 10(-7) mol to 10(-4) mol on venular diameter was examined by superfusion of male Syrian hamster cheek pouches. Nifedipine dose dependently dilated the arterioles alone, whereas cilnidipine dilated both arterioles and venules. Application of 10(-7) mol omega conotoxin, an inhibitor of N-type channels, after nifedipine led to significant dilation of venules, while it had no influence when administered after cilnidipine. These findings indicate that the effects of calcium channel blockers on the venules differ according to the action on N-type calcium channels, and that cilnidipine (an L+N type calcium channel blocker) dilates venules through its additional action on N-type channels.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Predictive value of visible lesions (cheeks, lips, oropharynx) in suspected caustic ingestion: may endoscopy reasonably be omitted in completely negative pediatric patients?

The relationship between absence or presence of grossly visible lesions in the cheeks, lips, and oropharynx (C.L.O. burns) and the incidence, site, and degree of visceral burns was evaluated in all children referred to our hospital for a suspected caustic ingestion during a 10-year period. All children underwent eso-gastro-duodenoscopy within 24 hours. Of the 156 children, 96 (61.6%) showed no visible signs of contact with the caustic substance; however, in 36/96 (37.5%), endoscopy revealed burns in one or more visceral sites. Eight of 36 children (22.2%) sustained potentially dangerous lesions (second to third degree). Sixty of 156 children (38.4%) showed visible lesions; in 30/60 (50%), endoscopy revealed other burns in one or more visceral sites. Fourteen of 30 patients (46.6%) sustained potentially dangerous lesions (second to third degree). A total of 50 esophageal burns have been recorded: first degree (E1), 32; second degree (E2), 12; third degree (E3), 6. Two of 12 patients with E2 lesions and 6/6 with E3 lesions developed esophageal stenosis. One patient in this latter group died because of complications related to a tracheostomy. A total of 31 gastric burns have been recorded: G1 (22), G2 (6), G3 (3). One gastric perforation was observed in the G3 group, whereas the remaining two lesions healed with residual asymptomatic scarring. Minimal scarring was observed in two of six patients with G2 burns. A total of eight lesions have been recorded in the larynx [L1 (3), L3 (1)] and in the duodenum [D1 (2), D2 (2)].(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Burns, Chemical↗
PubMed2004

Oxytalan fibres in the periodontal ligament of equine molar cheek teeth.

The distribution and arrangement of oxytalan fibres were examined in periodontal specimens of cheek teeth from seven horses. Oxidation prior to aldehyde fuchsin exposition permitted a selective staining of the oxytalan fibres, which are a distinct component of the elastic fibre system. On three horizontal levels of the periodontium--(a) subgingival, (b) middle third and (c) apical--two oxytalan fibre groups were shown histologically: 'blood vessel-related' and 'independent' oxytalan fibres. In levels a and b, both groups were arranged in a typical occluso-apical alignment along the reserve crown. Single oxytalan fibres deviated from their general course in order to attach to the cementum. In these cemental entheses the oxytalan fibres ran parallel to collagen fibre bundles. The interpretation of such morphological features emphasized the oxytalan fibres' capacity to improve the stability of periodontal blood vessel walls during masticatory movements. Level c, especially in regions next to the persisting epithelial root sheath, is the site of oxytalan fibre generation. This is a prerequisite for the facilitation of periodontal regeneration and reorganization during dental growth and eruption.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Nasal tip reconstruction: the horizontal "J" rotation flap using skin from the lower lateral bridge and cheek.

The horizontal "J" flap is a rotation flap that uses skin from the lower lateral bridge and cheek to repair full-thickness skin defects of the nasal tip. Pertinent anatomic morphologic characteristics of the nasal tip skin that contribute to the unique character of the nose are discussed. The example defects presented resulted from the excision of skin cancers using micrographic surgery. Nasal tip reconstruction, using adjacent skin based on the nasal anatomic subunit principle, results in superior aesthetic repairs.

Basal Cell Carcinoma↗
PubMed1979

Immunologic manipulation of DMBA tumorigenesis in hamster cheek pouch by DNCB contact hypersensitivity.

Hamster cheek pouches were sensitized with the potent allergen DNCB either before the initiation of DMBA tumorigenesis or by direct application to already developed tumors. Among animals treated prior to tumorigenesis induction there was an apparent delay in onset of tumors and decreased rate of tumor growth. Direct application of DNCB to already established tumors seemed to temporarily arrest tumor growth; later, however, tumor growth rate resumed to approximately that in untreated control animals. It is concluded that DNCB contact hypersensitivity may exert some influence on the DMBA tumorigenesis process as manifested by delay in tumor onset or by temporarily retarding growth of established tumors. It appears that DNCB sensitization prior to tumorigenesis is generally more effective than DNCB applied after tumor development.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1983

Effects of calcium ions on hamster cheek pouch epithelium grown in vitro.

Epithelial outgrowths from hamster cheek pouch explants were cultured for 14 days in media containing calcium concentrations of 0.05 mM, 0.075 mM, 0.1 mM, 0.25 mM, 0.75 mM or 1.45 mM (control). Compared with controls, the cultures grown at lower calcium concentrations (0.25-0.75 mM), exhibited higher mitotic indices and an increase in outgrowth size. The mitotic index of cultures at 0.25 mM calcium concentration was 30 +/- 2.26, compared to 24 +/- 2.24 for controls. Increase in size of the outgrowths was also observed at 0.25 mM calcium concentration compared with those grown in control medium. The epithelial outgrowths grown in control media exhibited cell stratification not observed at lower calcium concentrations. These studies indicate that lower calcium concentration in the media (0.25-0.75 mM) increased epithelial cell proliferation and inhibited keratinization.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The effect of DMBA on hamster cheek pouch mucosa in vitro: constant exposure.

Repeated topical application of DMBA to hamster cheek pouch mucosa in vivo has been shown to cause dysplastic changes and ultimately the development of squamous cell carcinomas in the epithelium. A technique has already been reported whereby neonatal hamster pouch mucosa can be maintained in vitro and dysplastic changes have been described in the epithelium after a single exposure to DMBA. By 35 days in organ culture, these changes disappeared and the epithelium regained its normal organotypic morphology. In this study, the tissue was maintained in vitro in medium containing various concentrations of DMBA for up to 49 days. Dysplastic changes were seen in the epithelium of the explants with some histological evidence of malignant behaviour. These changes were observed throughout the experimental period.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1984

Effects of the anti-inflammatory agents indomethacin, metiamide and acetylsalicylic acid on the induction of hyperplasia in hamster cheek-pouch epithelium and ear epidermis.

Previous studies have shown that agents such as indomethacin and hydrocortisone act to reduce the level of epidermal hyperplasia produced by various chemical, but little information is available about the effects of such anti-inflammatory agents on the induction of hyperplasia in oral mucosa. Hamster cheek-pouch epithelium and ear epidermis were treated with indomethacin, metiamide and acetylsalicylic acid prior to treatment with turpentine, podophyllin or TPA. The levels of hyperplasia induced were monitored by rates of epithelial glycolysis, protein synthesis and mitosis. The response of the metabolic assays to epinephrine was also examined. Alone, turpentine, podophyllin and TPA each caused a 3-5 fold increase in the metabolic assays and loss of the normal tissue response to epinephrine. Tissues pretreated with indomethacin showed significant reductions in the levels of hyperplasia produced and they retained a normal response to epinephrine. No reduction in hyperplasia was observed following pretreatment with acetylsalicylic acid, an alternative inhibitor or prostaglandin synthesis or with metiamide, a histamine blocker. The results indicate that the production of epithelial hyperplasia by turpentine, podophyllin and TPA can be inhibited by indomethacin.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Use of computed tomography to investigate cheek tooth abnormalities in chinchillas (Chinchilla laniger)

Computerised tomographic scanning was used to investigate tooth structure in chinchillas (Chinchilla laniger), both cheek tooth crown and root abnormalities being common in this species. This paper describes a common form of dental disease affecting species with continuously growing teeth, with particular reference to the chinchilla, and confirms the potential role of computed tomography (CT) in its early diagnosis. CT imaging is compared with previously available methods of investigation which frequently fail to detect early pathological changes.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Clinical signs and treatment of aged sheep with loose mandibular or maxillary cheek teeth.

Five cases of loose mandibular or maxillary cheek teeth in sheep are described. All the sheep showed loss of condition but excessive salivation was not a consistent feature. Two had high helminth egg counts, one a facial abscess and three loose rostral teeth. Blood biochemical results showed raised creatine phosphokinase (three cases), low glucose (three) and marginally low calcium levels (two). Diagnosis was based on digital palpation of the teeth during sedation. Treatment by extraction of loose teeth allowed a further litter of lambs from pregnant ewes and an extra tupping season from a ram.

Aging↗
PubMed2003

Antioxidant activity of nitro derivative of aspirin against ischemia-reperfusion in hamster cheek pouch microcirculation.

Aspirin that has been chemically combined with a nitric oxide (NO) donor (NCX-4016) has been shown to inhibit cyclooxygenase and prostaglandin generation while maintaining the inhibitory effects of aspirin. The possible role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the action of NCX-4016 in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) has not been studied. Furthermore, we were interested in comparing the effects of a conventional NO donor [2,2'-hydroxynitrosohydrazino-bis-etanamine (DETA/NO)] and NCX-4016 at the microvascular level in the hamster cheek pouch visualized by using an intravital fluorescent microscopy technique. Microvascular injury was assessed by measuring diameter change, the perfused capillary length (PCL), and leukocyte adhesion. Animals were treated with NCX-4016 (100 mg/kg or 30 mg.kg(-1).day(-1) for 5 days po) or DETA-NO (0.5 mg/kg). Mean arterial blood pressure increased slightly but significantly after NCX-4016 treatment. During 5- and 15-min reperfusion, lipid peroxides in the systemic blood increased by 72 and 89% vs. baseline, respectively, and were still higher than in basal conditions after 30-min reperfusion in the I/R group. Pretreatment with NCX-4016 maintained ROS at normal levels; increased arteriolar diameter, blood flow, and PCL; and decreased leukocyte adhesion (P < 0.05). DETA-NO decreased ROS during 30-min reperfusion; however, later there was a significant increase during reperfusion. DETA-NO decreased leukocyte adhesion (P < 0.05) but microvascular permeability increased after 30 min of reperfusion. In conclusion, NCX-4016 attenuates oxidative stress and prevents arteriolar constriction during I/R, whereas DETA-NO increases lipid peroxides in the systemic blood and permeability after reperfusion.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Effects of tetraiodothyronine and triiodothyronine on hamster cheek pouch microcirculation.

The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of topically applied triiodothyronine (T(3)) and thyroxine (T(4)) on the arterioles of hamster cheek pouch microcirculation in vivo. Microvessels were visualized using a fluorescent microscopy technique. Topical application of T(3) (3.08, 30.8, 61.5, 307, 615, and 6,150 nM/l) consistently induced dose-dependent dilation of arterioles within 2.0 +/- 0.5 min of administration. The application of T(4) (150, 257, 514, and 5,140 nM/l) caused different dose-dependent effects: dilation at the three lower doses within 16 +/- 2 min and rhythmic diameter changes at the highest dose. Aging of hamsters did not alter the arteriolar responses to T(3) and T(4). T(3)-induced dilation was countered by the inhibition of nitric oxide synthase with N(G)-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester or N(G)-nitro-L-arginine. Iopanoic acid (IPA), which inhibits types I and II 5'-deiodinase, abolished the dilation elicited by 514 nM T(4) but did not affect T(3)-dependent dilation. 6-Propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU), which inhibits type I 5'-deiodinase only, did not affect the dilation induced by T(4). IPA and PTU did not impair arteriolar dilation induced by acetylcholine or sodium nitroprusside. These results indicate that T(3) induces arteriolar dilation, likely through nitric oxide release. The local conversion of T(4) to T(3) appears to be crucial for the dilation induced by T(4).

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Development and eruption of the mandibular cheek teeth in Cebus albifrons.

The development and eruption of the mandibular cheek teeth of Cebus albifrons is described from a longitudinal series of whole body radiographs. Males are generally ahead of females in both development and eruption times. The dental development and eruption in C. albifrons is intermediate between the smaller New World primates and the larger catarrhines.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

Reproductive parameters of captive grey-cheeked mangabeys.

This paper reports reproductive parameters for 9 female grey-cheeked mangabeys kept in a captive colony over a 17-year period. Birth seasonality has shown a consistent trend towards an autumn peak. Oestrous cycles had an average length of 31.2 days: however 'short-cycle' (29.9 days) and 'long-cycle' (37.7 days) groups could be discriminated. Gestation was 175 days, with little variability. Variability in interbirth interval is mainly due to varying length of the cycling phase preceding the next gestation, suggesting influences of social factors. All these reproductive parameters are compared to those of baboons and macaques. Some conclusions about mangabey breeding colony management are drawn.

Amenorrhea↗