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PubMed1983

[Clinico-therapeutic and microbiologic studies of the Bulgarian antibiotic cephalothin in patients with active pyelonephritis].

A total of 38 patients with active pyelonephritis and significant bacteriuria were treated with the Bulgarian antibiotic cephalotin, the bacteria isolated from their urine manifesting susceptibility to the Bulgarian broad-spectrum antibiotic cephalotin. Twenty six from the patients were with preserved renal function, and 12 with various stages of renal insufficiency. The subjective complaints, febrility, leukocyturia and bacteriuria were best affected. The highest anti-bacterial effect was observed in the patients with uroinfections caused by E. coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella and staphylococci. Cephalotin has a good tolerance and has no adverse effects. Painful infiltrations were established in some of the patients in the region of the site of intramuscular application, with a transitory character. Cephalotin was assessed, on the base of the study, to be a good and prospective broad-scpectrum antibiotic, deserving to be widely applied in the therapeutic practice.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Kinetics of cefoperazone and cefoperazone and cephalothin in rat tissues].

In order to study the behavior of two cephalosporines in various tissues, 100 mg/kg of cefoperazone (CPZ) or cefalotine (CLT) were administered intraperitoneally to Wistar rats. The animals were sacrificed by groups of 6 at intervals ranging from 30 min to 6 hours after the injection and bioassay of the antibiotic was carried out in 9 organs, the serum, and urine. There are marked differences in tissue affinity for each antibiotic, as well as between the tow antibiotics. With the exception of the renal medulla, CPZ penetrates most tissues better than CLT. This difference is particularly striking in the liver. The decline of concentrations is nearly the same in tissues and serum; it is 2--3 times slower for CPZ. Concentration of CPZ exceed 1 microgram/g for more than 6 hours in the kidney and 4 hours in the liver, whereas CLT cannot be quantified after 2 hours in the kidney and after 1 hour in the liver. As has been noted for other antibiotics, plasma protein binding has only limited influence on cephalosporin penetration into tissues. This study of pharmacokinetics in tissues shows that CPZ permeates well those tissues where it is supposed to be effective and remains there longer than CLT. The study illustrates a method which provides a better understanding of the mechanisms responsible for antibiotic action.

Animals↗