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PubMed1982

[Prophylaxis of infectious complications in maxillo-facial surgery. Value of cefazolin. (A review of 400 cases)].

The value of short-term prophylaxis with antibiotics in maxillo-facial surgery and plastic facial surgery is studied. 200 patients were included in the study and compared to 200 controls who were given the usual systematic antibiotic therapy, with a different antibiotic, for more than 6 days. 400 case-reports were thus retrospectively analyzed. The results show that when the surgical procedure lasts for less than three hours, short-term prophylaxis with antibiotics is more effective than the usual systematic antibiotic therapy given for more than 6 days.

Cefazolin↗
PubMed1984

[Clinical trials of cefmetazole for pneumonia and pyothorax caused by Staphylococcus aureus resistant to cefazolin].

Cefmetazole (CMZ), an antibiotic agent of the cephamycin group, is resistant to beta-lactamase and has a broad antibacterial spectrum covering Gram-positive cocci and Gram-negative bacilli. However, it has not been indicated for Gram-positive cocci. We examined its clinical, bacteriological and side effects in 2 infants with pneumonia and 2 with pyothorax, which had been suggested to be caused by CEZ-resistant and CMZ-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus or other inflammatory organisms by a disc sensitivity test, for 2 years and 3 months from January, 1981 to March, 1983. The patients aged 1 to 22 months, and a mean daily dose of 108 to 115 mg/kg was divided into 2 to 4 equal doses and injected into the vein at one shot for a mean fo 19 days. The following results were obtained: The clinical effect of CMZ was evaluated to be good in 1 and fair in 1 of 2 infants with pneumonia, and excellent in 1 and good in 1 of 2 with pyothorax. Bacteriologically, S. aureus was removed in an infant with pneumonia and in 2 with pyothorax. Bacteriological test was not conducted in the remaining 1 with pneumonia. No side effects were found in any cases. Eosinophilia appeared as an abnormal clinical test value in a case, but the number of eosinophils became normal after termination of the medication. As mentioned above, CMZ manifested an excellent clinical effect in infants with pneumonia or pyothorax caused by S. aureus although the number of the patients was small. From the results the antibiotic agent can be expected to be effective in these disease.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

[Pharmacokinetic substantiation of the preoperative administration of kanamycin and cefazolin to patients with acute ischemia of the small intestine].

Kanamycin and cephazolin when injected intramuscularly 1 hour before the operation to patients with acute intestinal obstruction, strangulated hernia and acute occlusions of the mesenterial vessels in the dose of 1,0 mg were shown to easily penetrate into the abdominal organ tissues. Maximum concentrations of kanamycin in the peripheral blood were found during 1-2 h after an intramuscular injection, those of cephazolin--during the first hour. The effect of sephazolin in the prevention of pyoseptic complications was more pronounced than that of kanamycin.

Acute Disease↗