Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “CYSTOSCOPY”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Is aneusomy of chromosome 9 alone a valid biomarker for urinary bladder cancer screening?

BACKGROUND: Detection of genetically-changed tumor cells in the urine is one of the new approaches for the screening of bladder carcinomas. In a previous study, numerical aberrations of chromosome 9 were found in 85.18% of bladder tumors studied by the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether chromosome 9 aneusomy alone is a valid, cost effective, biomarker for bladder cancer screening. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-seven voided urine specimens obtained from 22 bladder cancer patients, either at initial diagnosis or at the follow-up, were analyzed by the FISH technique with the centromeric probe specific for chromosome 9. RESULTS: In all except 2 out of the 13 specimens with a histological confirmation of cancer, FISH analysis showed aneusomy 9 (sensitivity 84.61%). Among 6 cases with a negative cystoscopy but a positive FISH analysis, 3 recurred within the following 2 months, while 2 no-recurrent patients continued to show positive FISH findings after 6 months. One patient was considered to be false-positive. Four cases with a negative cystoscopy showed disomy 9 and 2 of them recurred. CONCLUSION: Aneusomy 9 has a high sensitivity (84.61%) for the detection of bladder cancer. Patients with a negative cystoscopy but with aneusomy 9 should be kept under close clinical surveillance for potential disease recurrence. However, negative FISH results might not be a negative predictor for disease recurrence. Our results encourage further studies with a large number of patients and a long-term follow-up with concurrent FISH analysis.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

[A case of transitional cell carcinoma with squamous differentiation which developed squamous cell carcinoma in situ in the clinical course].

In August 2000, a 62-year-old woman presented to another municipal hospital with macroscopic Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TUR-Bt) was performed. The pathological hematuria. diagnosis was transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), G2 > squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). TUR-Bt repeated in July 2003 indicated recurrence. The pathological diagnosis was TCC, G2. She was referred to our hospital in August 2003 because she desired bladder preservation. After cystoscopy and random biopsy, pathological diagnosis was TCC with squamous differentiation, G1-G2, pTis. She received 7 weekly intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) instillations. In April 2004, TUR-Bt was repeated and multiple recurrences were found. The pathological diagnosis was TCC with squamous differentiation, G1-G2, pTa. She received 10 weekly intravesical Pirarubicin hydrochroride instillations. In August cystoscopy and random biopsy were performed for evaluation of the intavesical instillation treatment. Pathological diagnosis was atypical squamous cells. In November, cystoscopy revealed recurrence of a bladder tumor. After admission, a small papillary tumor and multiple flat lesion biopsies demonstrated SCC without obvious invasion. The patient underwent cystectomy. There were widespread areas of full thickness squamous atypia. Most of the bladder did not show appearance of typical TCC, but the final pathological diagnosis was TCC because the case developed from TCC and could not be diagnosed as pure SCC. The diagnosis of SCC in situ of bladder is difficult, and this may contribute to its rarity.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1991

Intravesical administration of radiolabeled antitumor monoclonal antibody in bladder carcinoma.

Tumor associated AUA1 monoclonal antibody and 11.4.1. nonspecific monoclonal antibody, which does not react with human tissues, were radiolabeled with 111In and administered intravesically to 23 patients undergoing cystoscopy for bladder carcinoma. The antibody solution remained in the bladder for 1 h and then was washed out prior to cystoscopy. Tumor and nontumor samples were obtained during cystoscopy and were counted in a gamma counter. Conventional and immunoperoxidase staining with both antibodies were also performed. AUA1 reacted with all bladder carcinomas while 11.4.1. was negative in all cases. The mean uptake of AUA1 at 2, 24, and 48 h after the instillation (expressed as 10(3) x percentage of injected dose/g of tissue) was: 6.12 +/- 5.50 (SD), 1.70 +/- 2.57, 0.30 +/- 0.17 in the tumors and 0.32 +/- 0.50, 0.22 +/- 0.30, 0 in the nontumor areas, and for 11.4.1. it was: 0.075 +/- 0.075, 0.025 +/- 0.025 in the tumors and 0.30 +/- 0.42, 0.15 +/- 0.26 in the nontumor areas. The uptake of AUA1 by the tumors correlated with the tumor grade. There was no radioactivity in the blood at 2 h, and at 1, 2, and 3 days after the instillation. Our results indicate that intravesical administration of radiolabeled monoclonal antibody AUA1 targets selectively to tumor tissue without any significant normal tissue uptake. This finding might allow the development of a nontoxic and specific therapeutic approach for superficial bladder carcinoma.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1989

Transabdominal ultrasonography plus urine cytology in control of benign bladder tumours.

Transabdominal ultrasonography can detect bladder tumours down to 5 mm in diameter, and in combination with urine cytology it is a potential alternative to cystoscopy for control of bladder tumour patients. This modality was compared with cystoscopy in 260 investigations on patients with previous non-invasive tumours. Of 153 negative ultrasonographies 55 (21%) were false negative, overlooking 15 tumours above 5 mm (including 5 flat papillomatous areas), 30 tumours 5 mm or less and 10 flat dysplastic lesions (diagnostic sensitivity 64%). In 14 of the false negative ultrasonographies urine cytology was abnormal, increasing the combined diagnostic sensitivity to 73%. Most overlooked tumours above 5 mm were in bladder neck, anterior wall and dome. Of 89 positive ultrasonographies 15 were false positive (diagnostic specificity 83%). Two patients developed invasive tumours in the study period. One was detected by ultrasound and urine cytology, the other - a flat muscle invasive tumour - was not. Ultrasonography plus urine cytology is only acceptable for control of patients with very little risk of invasive and few non-invasive recurrences, i.e. patients with previous Ta, grade I or II transitional cell tumours and no recurrences after 1 or 2 control cystoscopies.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1985

[Value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of bladder tumors].

The authors have compared the value of transabdominal, transrectal and intravesical ultrasonography in 100 patients with carcinoma of the bladder. They have also compared the pathological stage, determined at operation or post mortem, with the "ultrasound" stage. Transabdominal examination resulted in agreement in 61% cases, transrectal 69% and intravesical in 92%. In the authors' opinion, transabdominal ultrasonography is suitable for general orientation. It can determine the size and position of the tumour. Transrectal examination is particularly valuable if, for any reason, it is impossible to perform cystoscopy. It is also valuable for the examination of tumours localised at the bladder base. Intravesical sonography demonstrated the tumour in every case. During this examination, changes in the elasticity and distensibility of the bladder due to tumour and changes in the bladder volume can be determined. Intravesical ultrasonography carried out at the same time as cystoscopy is a rapid and highly practical procedure, which ideally supplements cystoscopy. At present it is the best method for demonstrating infiltration of the bladder wall.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

[What should be done in the presence of isolated microscopic hematuria in man in the work environment?].

Microscopic haematuria was detected by the strip technique in 3.5% (normal: 1.8%) of 2100 men over 40 years of age, systematically examined at their place of work. Thirty-two agreed to undergo further investigations. Eight (25%) were found to have a urinary tract disease: kidney stones (2), prostatic adenoma (2), vesical diverticulum (1) and, notably, vesical tumour (2). Intravenous urography detected these abnormalities in 75% of the cases but missed the vesical tumours which were detected only at cystoscopy, urine cytology being also negative. The data obtained by cystoscopy were confirmed by vesical echography in 1 case. Thus, we believe that in the presence of even a single episode of microscopic haematuria in a man over 40, an intravenous urography should be performed. If the results are normal, and if the subject is a smoker or presents with an occupational or familial risk of cancer, this examination should be followed by cytology and vesical echography. If both are negative, then cystoscopy is necessary.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Ultrasonography in the diagnosis of bladder tumours.

In the course of the complex examination of 100 patients with bladder tumour also transabdominal, transrectal and intravesical ultrasonograms were taken. The pathological stages (pT) obtained by operation or at autopsy, respectively, were compared with the ultrasonographic stage (U). Transabdominal scanning revealed a concordance rate of 61%, transrectally one of 69% and by intravesical sonography a concordance rate of 92%. Transabdominal ultrasonography is suitable mainly for exploration in assessing the size and localization of the tumour. Transrectal ultrasonography is particularly useful if cystoscopy cannot be performed and it is a valuable aid in examining the size of tumours harboured at the bladder base. Intravesical sonography revealed the tumour in all cases and during scanning, by changing the volume of the bladder, changes in the elasticity and dilatability of the vesical wall could also be judged. Intravesical ultrasonography can be combined with cystoscopy. It is a rapid and straight-forward procedure and an ideal supplement to cystoscopy being currently the best possible diagnostic method for revealing infiltration of the vesical wall.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

[Ectopic ureteral opening in four males: including a case of inverted Y ureteral duplication].

Four males with ectopic ureteral opening are reported herein. Case 1 was a 17 year old who complained of miction pain and macroscopic hematuria. Cystoscopy and radiological examinations showed left ectopic ureteral opening into the seminal vesicle associated with left renal agenesis. The left ureter and seminal vesicle were extirpated. Case 2 was a 21 year old who complained of lower abdominal pain. On physical examination, a child's head sized mass was palpable in the midline of the lower abdomen. Operation was performed under diagnosis of intrapelvic tumor, but the mass was cystic dilatation of left ureter which opened into the seminal vesicle. Case 3 was a 19 year old who complained of right CVA colic pain. On cystoscopy, the right ureteral orifice was absent. During the operation, right ureter was found to open into the posterior urethra. Case 4 was a 57 year old who complained of fever. Plain X-ray on the pelvic cavity showed a 82 X 10 mm calcified shadow. CT revealed a right ectopic ureteral opening into the posterior urethra with a ureteral stone in it. On cystoscopy, the right ureteral orifice was identified and pus discharge was observed to flow out of it. Operative exploration demonstrated that the right ureter was inverted Y duplication; one opened into the posterior urethra and the other into the trigone. Seventy nine males with ectopic ureteral opening and 3 with inverted Y ureteral duplication from the Japanese literature are reviewed briefly.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Descending urogram in the evaluation of the complications of urinary schistosomiasis].

Fifty patients with a diagnosis of urinary schistosomiasis who had been assisted at the "María Pía" and "Américo Boavida" Hospitals, Luanda, Popular Republic of Angola, were studied. They underwent urine parasitology, cystoscopy and descending urography. Comparative studies between radiographic findings and global results of cystoscopies and urine parasitology were conducted. A higher incidence between the second and the third life decades was evidenced. 78% of patients had vesical calcifications; 72%, urethritis; 40%, ureterohydronephrosis; 4%, excluded kidneys; 4%, vesical cancer; and 2%, lithiasis. Altered descending urograms were obtained in 94% of patients. Positive urine parasitology involved 18% of patients. Cystoscopy was positive in 100% of patients. It is concluded that the cystoscopic study is highly important in diagnosing the disease and its complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Screening for urothelial malignancies by cytologic analysis and flow cytometry in a community urologic practice: a prospective study.

A prospective study was initiated to compare the ability of flow cytometry and cytologic analysis to detect malignant cells in urine obtained at the time of cystoscopy. The population studied consisted of patients from general urologic practices who were undergoing cystoscopy in a single community hospital. Over a 1-yr period, 335 specimens from 317 patients were studied. Nineteen biopsy-proven urothelial malignancies were identified. Cytologic examination of urine obtained at the time of cystoscopy was positive in seven of these cases, and an aneuploid population of cells was identified by flow cytometry in three cases. All three cases of high-grade transitional cell carcinoma and carcinoma in situ were correctly identified by the combination of cytologic examination and flow cytometry; however, only four of 16 low-grade superficial papillary transitional cell carcinomas were recognized cytologically, with only one being aneuploid. The combination of cytologic analysis and flow cytometry did not increase the diagnostic sensitivity above that achieved with cytologic testing alone (overall sensitivity, 37%). We conclude that flow cytometry and cytologic analysis, either individually or in combination, are too insensitive for use in a routine screening program for urothelial malignancy in a community hospital setting because of the inability of either method to detect low-grade transitional cell carcinomas reliably.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1993

Role of DNA image cytometry in the follow-up of patients with urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma.

Detection of recurrent urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is a frequent diagnostic challenge in exfoliative cytology because of the difficulty in distinguishing reactive changes from low grade tumors. This study evaluated the role of DNA analysis by image cytometry (ICM) as a diagnostic aid to cytology. Eighty-seven urine samples from patients with a known history of transitional cell carcinoma were examined by both cytology and ICM, and the results were compared with concurrent surgical biopsy specimens and patients' follow-up data. Twenty-seven patients were also examined by cystoscopy, and the results were compared to those of DNA analysis, cytology and biopsy. Urine samples were cytocentrifuged and stained with Papanicolaou stain for general cytology and Feulgen stain for ICM. DNA ploidy and the proliferating cell fraction (SG2M) were measured using the CAS 200 image analyzer. Among the 87 specimens included in the study, 59 were from patients considered to have recurrent disease when urine was obtained. Of the 59 recurrences, 33 were detected by cytology, 50 by ICM and 50 by biopsy, resulting in 55%, 85% and 85% sensitivity, respectively. When combined, cytology and ICM detected 53 recurrences and achieved 90% sensitivity. Nine cases originally undetected by biopsy had abnormal DNA histograms and were found to have TCC on follow-up examination. All cases undetected by ICM were low grade lesions with DNA diploidy and low proliferation. Among the 27 patients examined by cystoscopy, 14 had recurrent disease; 5, 13 and 6 of those cases were detected by cystoscopy, DNA analysis and cytology, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Carcinoma, Transitional Cell↗
PubMed1997

Bladder cancer.

One of the most significant developments in the diagnosis and screening of bladder cancer is to use molecular genetic techniques and various diagnostic tools in hopes to adjunct cystoscopy, which is still the gold standard in diagnosis, and to define patients who are to be assigned more aggressive therapy. Although these techniques cannot replace cystoscopy, the promising results from these studies indicate that at least the frequency of control cystoscopies in the follow-up of low-risk patients may be decreased by the help of these tools. Bladder reconstruction following nerve-sparing cystectomy may represent the best primary surgical approach for organ-confined invasive disease at the present time. It is not yet clear whether bladder preservation with chemoradiation protocols will yield similar long-term disease free rates as in surgical series. However, it may be overoptimistic to think that appropriate randomized trials will address this question in the near future because physicians seem to have strong prejudices for one approach or the other.

Chemotherapy, Adjuvant↗
PubMed1998

[New diagnostic tests for urothelial tumors of the bladder].

Urothelial bladder tumours require regular surveillance: cystoscopy combined with urine cytology remains the reference examination. Several tests designed to diagnose bladder tumours have been recently proposed in order to replace cytology and possibly reduce or even replace systematic cystoscopy. These tests are currently being evaluated and their indications have not yet been established. In this article, the authors review the results of recent studies concerning bladder tumour antigen (BTA), fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (AuraTek FDP) and nuclear matrix protein (NMP-22). These tests are the subject of numerous research studies and have already been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration. The majority of these studies appear to show that these tests have better diagnostic performances than cytology. However, in the absence of an experimental study validating the possibility of replacing cystoscopy in the surveillance of recurrent bladder tumours by one of these tests, they can only be used as an aid to diagnosis, at the present time.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed2003

High incidence of urinary bladder involvement in carcinomas of the sigmoid and rectum: a retrospective review of 580 patients with colorectal carcinoma.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: It is not uncommon for colorectal carcinomas to invade the urinary bladder. However, the actual incidence of urinary bladder invasion of colorectal carcinomas and the common sites of the original tumors are still unclear. METHODS: The clinical records of 580 patients diagnosed with colorectal carcinoma were retrospectively reviewed. A further review of patients with urinary bladder invasion was performed. RESULTS: Of the 580 patients, 17 (2.9%) had a diagnosis of urinary bladder invasion intraoperatively. The incidence of bladder involvement was significantly higher in carcinomas of the sigmoid and rectum than in carcinomas of other colon segments (4.1 vs. 0.5%, P = 0.017). Although a combination of computed tomography (CT) and cystoscopy predicted 80% of the bladder involvement, preoperative diagnostic modalities could not provide information for the differentiation between macroscopic and pathological invasion or the necessity for total cystectomy. CONCLUSIONS: The sigmoid colon and rectum were common sites of the original tumors invading the urinary bladder compared with other colon segments. CT and cystoscopy are recommended for preoperative screening of the bladder involvement of sigmoid colon and rectal cancer. However, it appeared to be difficult to predict the pathological invasion of malignant cells and the necessity for total cystectomy preoperatively.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

GAP-43 immunoreactivity of subepithelial and detrusor muscle nerve fibres in patients with refractory idiopathic detrusor overactivity.

AIMS: To determine the relative density of nerve fibres immunoreactive to growth associated protein-43 (GAP-43, an indicator of neuronal sprouting) in the subepithelium and detrusor of patients with idiopathic detrusor overactivity (IDO). To investigate the effect, if any, of age and previous recurrent bacterial cystitis on neuronal sprouting in such patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A series of 18 women with urodynamically proven IDO (median age 62 years, range 39-85), who were refractory to treatment, underwent cystoscopy and cold cup biopsy. Controls (n=26, median age 65, range 32-79) were females without urgency/urge incontinence, undergoing cystoscopy for other indications. Recurrent proven bacterial cystitis (rUTI) was documented. Frozen sections were stained with specific antibodies to GAP-43 and protein gene product 9.5 (PGP, a general neuronal marker). The area represented by immunoreactive (ir) subepithelial or muscle nerve fibres was measured. RESULTS: The density of GAP-43ir and PGPir nerves did not differ significantly between IDO patients and controls, in either subepithelium or detrusor. The GAP-43ir nerve density (as percent of PGPir) increased significantly with advancing age amongst patients with IDO in the detrusor muscle but not in the subepithelium; density in controls was unaltered. In IDO patients with rUTI, a significant increase in GAP-43 (as percent of PGPir) was observed in the subepithelium. CONCLUSIONS: Although we found no evidence of increased neuronal proliferation in patients with IDO generally, the increase in GAP-43 with age and with previous cystitis history suggests that neuronal sprouting is important in some subsets of patients with IDO.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Cystosonography in the staging of gynecological malignancy.

Five patients with carcinoma of the cervix and one with carcinoma of the vagina were examined by both cystoscopy and endosonography. Both techniques revealed malignant infiltration of the bladder in 4 patients. In the other 2 cystoscopy showed an intact bladder mucosa despite cystosonographic evidence of invasion of the bladder wall by tumor.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

"Stasis"--a test for vesico-ureteric orifice competence in children with reflux.

Intravenous radionuclide cystography (IVRNC) with one injection on 99m-Tc-DTPA measures renal function and detects vesico-renal reflux [1, 2, 3]. This paper describes a possible means of detecting incompetent ureteric orifices during IVRNC examinations. In some patients a hold-up of material in the renal areas (stasis) was observed which suddenly cleared at micturition. A prospective study of 58 patients who had IVRNC and cystoscopy within 28 days of each other revealed that 76.3% had anatomically abnormal ureteric orifices on the same side as the stasis. This contrasted with only 12.8% of abnormal uretic orifices found in patients not showing stasis (p less than 0.005). As incompetent ureteric orifices are recognised as the major aetiological factor in vesico-renal reflux [4, 5, 6] this additional information gained at IVRNC could be of clinical use and perhaps avoid some cystoscopies.

Child↗
PubMed1998

Interstitial cystitis.

Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a multifactorial syndrome with symptoms of pelvic or perineal pain, urinary frequency and urgency. The etiologies are unknown, but several theories have been proposed. Diagnosis is often delayed because most of the conventional evaluation is normal. Pelvic examination is normal except for bladder tenderness. Urodynamics are normal except for increased bladder sensitivity and low capacity. Urinalysis, urine culture and office cystoscopy are also normal. The diagnostic test is cystoscopy under anesthesia with bladder distension. Small submucosal hemorrhages (glomerulations) or ulcers appear after distension. Many empiric treatments have been proposed for IC. None is universally effective, and so treatments are tried sequentially until good symptom relief is achieved. Bladder distension gives excellent (but transient) relief in some patients, especially those with severe bladder inflammation (who also tend to be older). A variety of oral, intravesical and adjunctive treatments are also described.

Cystitis, Interstitial↗