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PubMed1981

Diaphragm failure.

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Contraceptive Devices, Female↗
PubMed1991

Acceptability of the vaginal sheath (Femshield) in Thai couples.

A small survey to assess the perception and experience of current family planning users and their husbands was carried out in a university family planning clinic. Women routinely visiting the clinic were asked to complete a short Screening Form. Fifty-six women responded to the questionnaire concerning their attitude to the Femshield. Eighteen volunteers agreed to enter the study and were given verbal instruction on use of the device. Each volunteer was provided with 3-5 Femshields. Participants were asked to return to the clinic one month after admission. A Husband Form was then sent to the home of the volunteers to assess the attitude of their husbands. Thirteen volunteers returned for the follow-up visit. Fifty Femshields were used. The results showed that the volunteers found the vaginal insertion of the device was acceptable, but the outer and inner rings of the device caused an uncomfortable feeling when having intercourse. The volunteers were more positive to the device than their spouses. The sexual satisfaction of both partners was reduced. A few couples suggested that the device be modified with the bag being smaller and thinner, the outer and inner rings reduced in size and softer, and the device itself being in a prelubricated packet.

Consumer Behavior↗
PubMed1989

Risk factors for cervical cancer in Greenland and Denmark: a population-based cross-sectional study.

The incidence of cervical cancer in Greenlandic women aged 20-39 years is nearly 6 times higher than in Danish women of the same age. Possible determinants of cervical cancer incidence were investigated in a population-based cross-sectional study. From Nuuk (Greenland) and Nykøbing Falster (Denmark) a sample of 800 women aged 20-39 years was drawn at random. A total of 586 and 661 women were studied in Greenland and Denmark, respectively. All underwent a personal interview. In Greenland, 13% of the women reported first intercourse before the age of 14 in contrast to 3.5% in Denmark, and nearly 85% of the Greenlanders had their sexual debut before the end of the 16th year of age whereas this applied to only 45% of the Danish women. The prevalence of women with 0-1 lifetime sexual partner was 20.4% in Denmark, and only 1.7% in Greenland. In contrast, 53.2% of the Greenlandic women reported more than 20 partners and 22.4% more than 40 partners. The corresponding figures for Denmark were 3.6% and 0.3%, respectively. In Greenland the most common contraceptive method was the use of intra-uterine devices (73.6%), whereas, in Denmark, oral contraceptive use was most frequent (87.9%). Few Greenlanders had ever used "barrier" contraceptives (diaphragm: 1.4%; condom: 18.1%) compared to Denmark (diaphragm: 10.1%; condom: 53.9%). As many as 87.4% were current smokers in Greenland (Denmark: 53.6%) and 5.6% claimed to have never smoked, whereas this applied to 35.3% in Denmark. The indications of a higher sexual activity (multiple partners, early age at first intercourse) in Greenland compared to Denmark are in line with the observed higher rates of sexually transmitted diseases and with the hypothesis that differences in cervical cancer incidence between Greenland and Denmark are determined by aspects of sexual background.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Gynaecology of middle-aged women--menstrual and reproductive histories.

The aim of this study was to investigate menstrual history, reproductive functions, fertility regulation and gynaecological operations is a representative sample of middle-aged women. A sample consisting of 1746 women aged 40-66 was randomly selected. Of those initially selected, a total of 1413 (81%) were investigated. Gynaecological data were acquired by means of questionnaires. Eighty-six percent of menstruating women reported a cycle length of 22-30 days and menstrual flows lasting 4-7 days. The median age at natural menopause was 50.9 yr. The oldest menstruating women were 57 yr old. Curettage had been performed in 53%, and 9% were hysterectomised. Every fourth woman had had three or more children, and 15% were nulliparous. Abortion (spontaneous or induced) was reported by 28% of the women. Of 714 menstruating women, 62% were utilising contraceptive methods, among which barrier or natural methods predominated. Nine percent of women aged 40-44 used combined oral contraceptives. Previous or current use of contraceptive pills was reported by 32% of all the women, and of these 20% had been on the pill for 10 or more yr.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Combination of the ovulation method with diaphragm.

A marked increase in acceptance of the ovulation method of contraception, together with promising method and user failure rates, were revealed in this study of women to whom a system of combining the ovulation method with the optional use of a diaphragm, advisedly as a menstrual seal, was offered.

Contraception↗