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At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Compartmentalized bone regeneration of cranial defects with biodegradable barriers--effects of calcium sodium phosphate surface coatings on LactoSorb.

In bony defects of the cranium, bone healing may be complicated by prolapse of surrounding tissue into the defect. This tissue acts as a potential obstruction to the migration of osteogenic cells, resulting in impaired bone formation. It has been shown in previous studies that when a membrane composed of resorbable polymers (LactoSorb) is placed over a cranial bone defect, it inhibits connective tissue from entering the wound and improves the rate and quality of the bony regenerate. This study is an extension of this work and specifically evaluated the effects of differing calcium-based surface coatings on membrane-covered cranial defects in the rabbit model. In non-critical size, full-thickness defects of the mature rabbit calvarium, four differently treated LactoSorb membranes were evaluated in each animal model over a 1-year postoperative period. The surface coatings (three treated, one untreated) consisted of a base-powdered material of calcium sodium phosphate (Osteostim, EBI, NJ), which were applied by different methods (pressed, brushed, one-sided versus two-sided). Evaluation consisted of cross-sectional histologic assessment of the cranial detects determining the quantitative bony fill and the presence of residual polymer material and calcium sodium phosphate. This study produced the following findings: (1) cranial defect regeneration occurs faster with calcium-coated membranes and is complete by 3 months; (2) no difference could be seen between the different methods of calcium sodium phosphate coating; (3) the calcium sodium phosphate coatings did not inhibit resorption of the biodegradable membranes for those systems that had coatings on one side; however, systems completely covered showed delayed resorption; and (4) the calcium sodium phosphate coatings did not produce any inflammatory reactions. These findings suggest that, in addition to inhibiting connective tissue from entering the wound site, the calcium coatings on resorbable devices may have beneficial effects in selected clinical conditions, especially in conditions where faster bone regeneration is necessary.

Absorbable Implants↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Controlled tissue expansion with guided bone regeneration.

Guided tissue regeneration techniques are used to create new bone around implant defects and to augment edentulous ridges prior to implant placement. A new technique, tested successfully in baboons, utilizes soft tissue expanders prior to implant placement and tissue regeneration procedures.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed2003

Collagen sponges for bone regeneration with rhBMP-2.

In the US alone, approximately 500,000 patients annually undergo surgical procedures to treat bone fractures, alleviate severe back pain through spinal fusion procedures, or promote healing of non-unions. Many of these procedures involve the use of bone graft substitutes. An alternative to bone grafts are the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), which have been shown to induce bone formation. For optimal effect, BMPs must be combined with an adequate matrix, which serves to prolong the residence time of the protein and, in some instances, as support for the invading osteoprogenitor cells. Several factors involved in the preparation of adequate matrices, specifically collagen sponges, were investigated in order to test the performance in a new role as an implant providing local delivery of an osteoinductive differentiation factor. Another focus of this review is the current system consisting of a combination of recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) and an absorbable collagen sponge (ACS). The efficacy and safety of the combination has been clearly proven in both animal and human trials.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Recombinant growth hormone accelerates bone regenerate consolidation in distraction osteogenesis.

The purpose of the present study was to prove whether homologous GH has a stimulating effect on bone healing. Therefore, left tibiae of 30 micropigs were osteomized and distracted over an external fixator at the rate of 2 mm/day on each of 10 consecutive days. Animals were killed after a healing period of another 10 days. The treatment group received 100 microg of recombinant porcine growth hormone (rpGH) per kilogram of body weight per day. Serial torsional nondestructive biomechanical tests were performed in vivo using a newly developed measurement device. After killing, destructive torsional strength testing of the sites of distraction was performed. To determine the endocrine response to the administration of rpGH, serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) were determined. Nondestructive in vivo testing showed that torsional stiffness of the regenerate was significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group. Final regenerate torsional failure load was 131% higher and ultimate torsional stiffness was 231% higher in the treatment group than in the control group. The mean serum level of IGF-I increased to 440% of preoperative basal level in the treatment group and remained unchanged in the control group. Our data indicate that systemic administration of recombinant homologous growth hormone greatly accelerates ossification of bone regenerate in distraction osteogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Bone regeneration following damage by polysulphide impression material. A case report.

Two days after polysulphide rubber impressions had been taken of gold inlay cavities in 6 and 7, a 22-year-old female dental student developed a painful swelling between 5 and 6. A radiograph revealed the presence of an irregular radiopaque body within the cancellous bone of the interdental septum between 5 and 6. At operation, 1 month later, the interdental septum was seen to have been destroyed and its position occupied by impression material and inflammatory tissue. When the lesion was reopened 2 years later to correct slight recurrent pocketing, significant regeneration of bone was found to have occurred.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Effect of loading on bone regenerated at implant dehiscence sites in humans.

Few investigations have studied the long-term fate of bone formed following the technique of guided tissue regeneration. The aim of the present study was to evaluate bone fill around implant fixtures with dehiscence defects and to study its response to loading. Ten patients were treated with overdentures supported by 2 fixtures ad modum Brånemark. A third 7 mm x 3.75 mm diameter fixture was placed for the purposes of the study in the most anterior part of the mandible with a dehiscence defect of 4 to 5 mm on the buccal aspect (and 3 to 4 threads exposed) which was covered with a Gore-Tex membrane and buried beneath the mucosa. Fixtures were exposed after 5 months (stage 2), ball abutments connected and loaded through an overdenture for 1 year. Nine fixtures were functioning well after 1 year of loading, 6 of which were retrieved with a trephine for histological examination and compared with 6 unloaded fixtures retrieved in our previously reported study. The bone area filling the thread profiles (BA%) and the bone to metal contact (BMC%) were measured in the 3 most apical and 3 most coronal thread profiles on the buccal and lingual surfaces. Statistically significant higher BMC% (P < 0.01) were observed in loaded fixtures in the apical regions (buccal: loaded 51%, unloaded 25%; lingual: loaded 49%, unloaded 24%). Differences approached significance for the regeneration site (loaded 22%, unloaded 6%) but were no different for the coronal lingual region (loaded 28%, unloaded 20%). There were no differences for BA%. This study confirms that there is an increase in bone to metal contact with time and following fixture loading and that this may also occur with bone regenerated under Gore-Tex membranes.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Insulin-like growth factor I-releasing alginate-tricalciumphosphate composites for bone regeneration.

PURPOSE: Development and characterization of an in situ-forming, osteoconductive, and growth factor-releasing bone implant. METHODS: Injectable in situ-forming scaffolds were prepared from a 2% (m/v) alginate solution, tricalciumphosphate (TCP) granules, and poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres (MS), loaded with the osteoinductive growth factor insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). Scaffolds were prepared by mixing the components followed by hydrogel formation through calcium carbonate-induced physical cross-linking of the alginate at slightly acidic pH. Physical-chemical properties and cell biocompatibility using osteoblast-like cells (MG-63 and Saos-2) of these scaffolds were investigated. RESULTS: The addition of TCP to the alginate resulted in reduced swelling and gelation time and an increase in stiffness. Osteoblast-like cells (MG-63 and Saos-2) did not show toxic reactions and adhered circumferentially to the TCP granules surface. The addition of the IGF-I MS resulted in an up to sevenfold increased proliferation rate of MG-63 cells as compared to scaffold preparations without IGF-I MS. The alkaline phosphate (ALP) activity-a parameter for osteblastic activity-increased with increasing amounts of TCP in Saos-2 loaded composite scaffolds. CONCLUSIONS: A prototype in situ-hardening composite system for conformal filling of bone defects supporting osteoblastic activity for further clinical testing in relevant fracture models was developed and characterized.

Alginates↗