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At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

[Effect of different FiO2 on the ventilatory action of almitrine in the anesthetized dog. Preliminary study].

The effects of progressively increasing hyperoxia from 0.22 to 1 on the ventilatory action of a ventilatory analeptic with a peripheral action, almitrine, were studied in six dogs under deep anaesthesia by Alfatesine administered at a constant flow rate. At FiO2 = o.22, almitrine partially corrected hypoventilation. From FiO2 o.30 to FiO2 0.50, initial hypoventilation was unaltered. At FiO2 = 1, it was worsened. This preliminary study will need to be completed by examination of the interference almitrine-FiO2 at different levels of anaesthesia and of respiratory depression, by study of the effects of different levels of FiO2 on the respiratory depression caused by Alfatesine and by study of the effects of the sudden administration of pure oxygen.

Almitrine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pymadine, a new type of non-depolarizing muscle-relaxant antagonist].

The paper presents the author's experience in post-anesthetic decurarization with a new antagonist of competitive curare. Presented for the first time in 1970, 4-amino-pyridine was found o tbe a substance with a different mode of action than that of reversible inhibitors of cholinesterase, without parasympaticomimetic effects, and without untoward effects on the cardio-circulatory function. It also has a central analeptic effect. This is why the authors consider the new drug as a powerful means for reversing the competitive neuromuscular blockage.

4-Aminopyridine↗
PubMed1984

[Physiopathology of chronic bronchitis].

The physiopathology of chronic bronchitis consists of sequential reactions which progressively result in respiratory failure, blood gas abnormalities and finally, post-hypoxia cor pulmonale. Airway obstruction produces maldistribution of inspired gas and starts off a series of compensatory mechanisms with increased resting lung volume and prolonged expiration time resulting in diminution of tidal volume. Abnormal ventilation/perfusion ratios result in shunt and dead space effects, determine blood gas disorders and hypoxia due to reflex vasoconstriction and ultimately lead to pulmonary arterial hypertension with elevated cardiac output and increased vascular resistances. These physiopathological chain-mechanisms account for the clinical symptoms observed, including dyspnoea, episodes of acute bronchitis and in the end, signs of chronic cor pulmonale. They also indicate that the primary objective of treatment is to correct hypoxaemia. This can be achieved by continuous low flow rate oxygen therapy, by drugs capable of redistributing more evenly the ventilation/perfusion ratios and, accessorily, by respiratory analeptic agents. As regards the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension, one must admit that many uncertainties are still surrounding the use of vasodilators.

Bronchitis↗
PubMed1984

A study on the Prethcamide hydroxylation system in rat hepatic microsomes.

Ethyl butamide and propyl butamide, the active constituents of the analeptic drug named Prethcamide (Ciba-Geigy), undergo biotransformation to respective single metabolites in the presence of rat hepatic microsomes and the NADPH-generating system. Spectral analysis showed that the metabolites were hydroxylated forms of the drug. The hydroxylation was stimulated by NADH and increased ionic strength, and inhibited by the known cytochrome P-450 inhibitors, e.g. SKF-525A, metyrapone, CO and KCN. The drug formed type I binding spectrum with cytochrome P-450.

Aminobutyrates↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Doxapram in stable obstructive chronic respiratory insufficiency. A prospective study on 15 cases (author's transl)].

The oral form of Doxapram, a respiratory analeptic drug with central action, was tested prospectively and successively, the subject being his own control, in 15 patients with stable obstructive chronic respiratory insufficiency (OCRI), but not infected and with a high PaCO2. The efficiency of the product was judged notable nine times, medium four times; only twice was its action judged inefficient. Retrospectively, it was not possible to define the group OCRI with high PaCO2, responding or not to the oral form of Doxapram. In these conditions, the utility of prescribing this molecule is subjected to the control of gasometric efficiency before and after absorption. The frequent efficiency of the product leads to the consideration of a regular use in some obstructive chronic respiratory insufficiency.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Thyroliberin (thyrotropin releasing hormone): antagonism of halothane and hexobarbital narcosis in mice. Comparison with pentetrazol, caffeine, d-amphetamine and adrenaline.

The effect of L-pyroglutamyl-L-histidyl-L-prolinamide (thyroliberin, thyrotropin releasing hormone, TRH) on halothane and hexobarbital narcosis was investigated in mice and compared with pentetrazol, caffeine, d-amphetamine and adrenaline. TRH shortened dose-dependently the halothane and hexobarbital sleeping-time with ED50 values of 3.1 and 6.6 mg/kg s.c., respectively. The analeptic effect of TRH was superior to all reference compounds in terms of potency, efficacy and drug safety. Due to its ergotropic activity TRH may be a useful aid in anaesthesiology and intensive care.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Almitrine per os in the therapy of chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathies].

A double-blind study was conducted to evaluate the effects of almitrine, administered orally as 3.5 mg/kg/day for one month, when compared with placebo in 20 patients with chronic obstructive pneumopathies from smoking, currently in the stage of chronic hypercapnic respiratory insufficiency. Clinical improvement was obtained, with a reduction in dyspnea and a more comfortable respiration. Objective signs of improvement where enhanced adaptation to assisted ventilation (3 cases out of 5), and less secondary infection in the almitrine group (0/10) than the placebo group (4/10). A statistically significant improvement (p less than 0.01) was recorded in blood oxygen and bicarbonates levels, and to a lesser degree, in blood CO2 levels (p less than 0.05) and without any increase in overall ventilation. As tolerance was good (8/10), almitrine appears to occupy a place of choice in the field of respiratory analeptic therapy. Its efficacy and convenience in use for daily practice require confirmation in long-term studies (more than 6 months).

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Use of the conditioned avoidance reflex for detecting potential stimulants of higher nervous activity and their comparative characteristics].

Comparative research has been made of the influence of psychostimulants (amphetamine, sydnocarb, centedrin), neurotropic agents (neutrophil, mefexamide, tonibral, acephen), analeptics (ethimizole), alpha-adrenoblockers (pyrroxane), glutamine and its analogues on the forming in rats of the avoidance conditioned reflex in a Y-shaped labyrinth and its reproduction (repeated learning) after 24 hours. The time of learning, the number of mistakes and runnings until the criterion of learning is attained, emotional status, motor activity, elements of individual and group behavior of the animals have been studied to reveal the drugs having the most pronounced effect on the characteristics examined.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Pressor response to the stimulation of peripheral sympathetic nerves and the posterior hypothalamus in the presence of tricyclic antidepressive agents and nomifensine in dogs].

Acute experiments documented the peripheric action of tricyclic antidepressives (imipramine, chlorimipramine and amitriptyline). They evoked a significant hypotensive action (P less than 0.02), baroreceptor blockade and higher intensity and duration of pressor responses to exogenous noradrenaline, electric stimulation of the sympathetic nerves of the spleen, posterior hypothalamus or the central extremity of vagus nerve. These effects could be produced by the inhibition of noradrenaline reuptake and are antagonized by noradrenergic blockade with phentolamine. Nomifensine does not change arterial pressure, but its analeptic effect is able to awake anesthetized dogs. The pressor noradrenergic response is greater than that obtained with tricyclic antidepressives. The potentiation showed by the injection of dopamine was similar to that produced by imipramine. Injected into the cerebral ventricles of the dog, it did not changed arterial pressure, but crossed the blood-brain barrier. High doses of tricyclic antidepressives and nomifensine evoked inhibitory effects on adrenergic responses.

Amitriptyline↗
PubMed1980

Physostigmine-atropine solution fails to reverse diazepam sedation.

Patients undergoing dental extraction under intravenous diazepam sedation were studied to determine whether physostigmine, a cholinesterase inhibitor, reverses diazepam-induced sedation. A modified Bender-Gestalt Dot Test was used to measure psychomotor function. Patient self-assessment of recovery and a surgeon's independent assessment of recovery were scored on a 0 to 10 measured scale before and after administration of either a physostigmine-atropine mixture (nine patients) or saline (12 patients). The physostigmine-atropine mixture did not significantly speed recovery or improve psychomotor function when compared with normal saline. The results indicate that, in contradiction to previous case report, the analeptic effect of physostigmine may be specific for anticholinergic drugs.

Anesthesia, Dental↗
PubMed1980

[The use of doxapram chlorohydrate (t-doxapril) as an anti-shivering drug].

Following a brief review of the main causes of anaesthetic shock, reference is made to the results obtained with the use of a well-known analeptic: doxapram chlorohydrate, as an anti-shock drug. Using a continuous venous perfusion technique, practically no side-effects were encountered, while the effectiveness of the drug was of undoubted interest (75% of cases). The hypothesis of the anti-shock action remains open.

Body Temperature↗
PubMed1979

[Effect of corazole in intensifying changes in the electrical activity of the brain in a constant magnetic field].

Corazol effects on the background and evoked biopotentials of the cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, and the cerebellar cortex were studied in rats exposed to a constant magnetic field (500, 1000, 4000 Oe). After the corazol pretreatement with subconvulsive doses there were sharp changes in the background rhythms; evoked potentials of the amplitude rose markedly, and there was also an increase of additional phases in its structure. Intensification of the constant magnetic field effect against the background of analeptic corazol action pointed to the importance of the central nervous system activation level in the response to the magnetic field action.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Oral administration of doxapram in preterm neonates with aminophylline-resistant idiopathic apnea crisis].

Doxapram is an analeptic capable of stimulating both central and periferal areas of the respiratory system. During the last few years, intravenous infusion of doxapram has been carried out, with success, for the treatment of idiopathic apnea in preterm infants otherwise unresponsive to methylxantine. Since doxapram has a tendency to precipitate into various solution containing amino acids and calcium gluconate, oral administration has been suggested. The Authors in this study have seen that in 18 preterm infants suffering from idiopathic apnea unresponsive to amynofillina, an oral administration of doxapram at 12 mg/kg/6h resulted in a complete recovery from apnea spells in 66.7% of cases, while 22.2% gave a partial positive response and only 11.1% a negative result. Furthermore the Authors would like to stress that doxapram showed a good tolerance level when administered orally. In fact, no side effects which were previously reported in other publications were presented in the infants studied.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1975

[Trial of verification of the thymoanaleptic action of hypothalamic thyrostimulin (thyrotropin releasing factor of TRF) in melancholic states].

After the studies conducted by PRANGE and KASTIN in 1972, we tried to verify whether T.R.F. had a real thymo-analeptic effect and if a repeated administration could cure a depressive state. We used T.R.F. either intra-venously -- in slow perfusion or directly -- (1 mg per day) or p.o. (30 mg per day) on 18 mono or bipolar melancolic patients. The treatment lasted from 8 to 21 days. We have observed 4 good results obtained between the second and the sixth day, all among bipolar melancolic patients. In the other cases the results were negative. In all cases the tolerance was very good. These results, though very limited, present very interesting perspectives about a physiological substance whose site and actions are known with a relative precision.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1976

Sulfolane-induced convulsions in rodents.

In rodents oral or parenteral administration of sulfolane (tetrahydrothiophene-1,1-dioxide) produced hyperactivity, followed by clonic-tonic convulsions. The analeptic effects of sulfolane were nearly additive with those of Metrazol. When injected simultaneously with pentobarbital, sulfolane decreased pentobarbital sleeping time in mice. But sulfolane increased sleeping time when the barbiturate was administered 1 hr after sulfolane.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1977

Pentobarbital, diazepam and bemegride: their effects on open-field behavior in the gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus).

Open-field activity was measured in female mongolian gerbils treated with pentobarbital, P-barb. (15 and 20 mg/kg) or diazepam, DZP (2,4 and 8 mb/kg), either when given singly or in combination with the analeptic bemegride, BMG (20 and 40 mg/kg). The results indicated that the addition of BMG normalized certain behaviors of the gerbils treated with P-barb. and DZP. The median effective doses of BMG in inducing convulsion and death respectively were 12.0 mg/kg and 22.5 mg/kg. A mutual antagonism is apparent since no animal died after treatment with the drug combinations and seizure activity was also very much reduced.

Animals↗