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PubMed1988

Alcoholism and non-acceptance of gay self: the critical link.

As part of a larger research project designed to generate grounded theory on the nature of gay sobriety, this study was designed to explore the etiology of alcoholism among gay American men and how etiology is related to gay bars or non-acceptance of gay self or both. In-depth interviews were conducted in Seattle, Iowa City, Chicago, and Oklahoma City with 20 gay recovering alcoholic men, each of whom had at least one year of sobriety. It was found that: (a) Gay bars were totally unrelated to the etiology in any of the informants, yet most thought that this gay bar ethnotheory could explain why there was a high incidence of alcoholism in the gay community; (b) none of the men saw being gay as a positive thing before sobriety, yet many didn't realize their non-acceptance until after sobriety was chosen; (c) accepting being gay as a positive aspect of self occurred only after sobriety was chosen and lived; and (d) not accepting being gay as a positive thing may therefore explain the etiology and thus the high incidence of alcoholism among gay American men.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2002

Determination and evaluation of acceptable force limits in single-digit tasks.

Acceptable limits derived from psychophysical methodologies have been proposed, measured, and employed in a range of applications. There is little existing work, however, on such limits for single-digit exertions and relatively limited evidence on several fundamental issues related to data collection and processing of a sequence of self-regulated exertion levels. An experimental study was conducted using 14 male and 10 female participants (age range 18-31 years) from whom maximal voluntary exertions and maximal acceptable limits (MALs) were obtained using the index finger and thumb. Moderate to high levels of consistency were found for both measures between sessions separated by one day. Single MAL values, determined from a time series of exertions, were equivalent across three divergent processing methods and between values obtained from 5- and 25-min samples. A critical interpretation of these and earlier results supports continued use of acceptable limits but also suggests that they should be used with some caution and not equated with safe limits. This research can be applied toward future development of exertion limits based on perceived acceptability.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Youth suicide prevention: a survey of public school superintendents' acceptability of school-based programs.

From a random sample of members of the 2000-2001 membership directory of the American Association of School Administrators (AASA), public school administrators' acceptability ratings of three school-based programs for the prevention of adolescent suicide were examined. A total of 210 (46%) respondents examined a description of a suicide prevention program and completed a measure designed to evaluate the acceptability of suicide prevention programs. Three suicide prevention programs were evaluated for their acceptability, and included: (a) school-wide curriculum-based programs presented to students; (b) in-service presentations to school staff; and (c) self-report screening programs for students. The results indicated that superintendents rated the staff in-service training and curriculum-based programs as significantly more acceptable than the school-wide screening program. In addition, the school-wide screening program was rated as significantly more intrusive by school psychologists than the staff in-service training or curriculum-based prevention programs. Limitations of the study and future research directions are discussed.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed1994

Acceptance of moderate drinking by alcohol treatment services in the United States.

This study was designed to survey the acceptance of moderate drinking as an outcome goal by alcohol treatment services in the United States. Of a sample of 330 randomly selected services, there were 312 potential respondents of whom 196 (63%) returned surveys that were usable. Three-quarters of respondents reported that nonabstinence was not an acceptable outcome goal for patients in their program; however, 17% of these respondents endorsed the statement that nonabstinence was acceptable for patients in other alcohol programs or for their own patients after discharge. Of the remaining one-quarter of respondents who found moderate drinking acceptable for their patients, 80% worked in outpatient programs and 70% reported moderate drinking as appropriate for only 1-25% of their clientele. Respondents endorsing moderate drinking rated the following factors as important when selecting outcome goals: severity of physiological dependence, drinking history, psychological dependence, previous treatment, criminal behavior and liver function test results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Surgical abortion using manual vacuum aspiration under local anaesthesia: a pilot study of feasibility and women's acceptability.

OBJECTIVE: Studies from the USA have reported the efficacy and high acceptability of surgical abortion using manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) under local anaesthesia. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility, acceptability and efficacy of surgical abortion using MVA under local anaesthesia for termination of pregnancy up to 63 days' gestation, within a UK National Health Service setting. METHODS: Surgical abortion was carried out using MVA under local anaesthesia. Women's satisfaction with the procedure, and pain and anxiety levels, were assessed. The main outcome measures were: (1) feasibility assessed through successful completion of the procedure without the need for general anaesthetic or conversion to suction vacuum aspiration, (2) efficacy assessed through complete uterine evacuation without the need for further medical or surgical intervention and (3) women's acceptability of the procedure. RESULTS: The mean (SD) gestation was 50 (9.4) days. A total of 55/56 (98%) women had a successful procedure and did not require any further surgical or medical treatment. Fifty-five (98%) women were satisfied with the procedure, 48 (86%) said they would recommend it to a friend and 45 (80%) said they would have the same method again in the future. Anxiety levels, as reflected by the visual analogue scales, showed a significant fall in anxiety scores following the procedure (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Surgical abortion using MVA under local anaesthesia is effective and acceptable to women. These findings now need to be assessed in the context of a randomised trial.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed2004

Experience of maltreatment as a child and acceptance of violence in adult intimate relationships: mediating effects of distortions in cognitive schemas.

Links exist between being subjected to maltreatment as a child and tendencies to accept violence as normative in adult relationships. Constructivist Self Development Theory suggests that such relationships may be affected by "cognitive disruptions" in "self" and "other" schemas. Mediating effects of distorted cognitive schemas on the association between history of child maltreatment and the acceptance of violence in intimate interpersonal relationships were investigated among 433 men and women. Outcomes indicated that individuals who reported childhood maltreatment were more likely to display distortions in their cognitive schemas and those individuals with disrupted schemas were more likely to accept relationship violence. Least-square multiple regression analyses revealed that distorted beliefs fully mediated the relationship between reporting childhood maltreatment and acceptance of violence, for both men and women. Subsidiary analyses suggested that this full mediation was replicated for schemas involving the self but not for schemas about others.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Acceptance of hepatitis B vaccine among hospital workers.

Data on sociodemographic status, health beliefs, knowledge of hepatitis B, experience with prior vaccinations, health locus of control, and desire to receive hepatitis B vaccine were assessed in 1,500 hospital employees. Twenty per cent of the variance of the decision to accept vaccine could be explained; beliefs about the safety and efficacy of vaccine influenced acceptance most. Beliefs concerning the likelihood of contracting hepatitis B and the chance of becoming severely ill were less important determinants of vaccine acceptance. Additional factors studied, including knowledge, experience with vaccinations, and sociodemographic status, were important independent determinants of health beliefs. We conclude that the beliefs of health care providers, particularly regarding the safety and efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine, have a major impact on their decision to accept or reject vaccine. Health education interventions may be most effective when addressing beliefs about vaccine safety and efficacy.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1995

Spermicide acceptability among patients at a sexually transmitted disease clinic in Zambia.

OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the acceptability of three nonoxynol-9 spermicides among persons attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic in Lusaka, Zambia. METHODS: Spermicidal foam, suppositories, and foaming tablets were evaluated. Women (n = 114) and men (n = 150) attending an sexually transmitted disease clinic were enrolled. After each participant used two products, each for 2 weeks, consistency of use and acceptability were evaluated. RESULTS: At admission, most women (74%) and men (58%) were not using any family planning method. Moreover, most women (85%) and men (98%) had at least one sexually transmitted disease or genital infection. During the study, the proportion of coital episodes protected by spermicide use was high, yet loss to follow-up and discontinuation were also substantial. Discontinuation was frequently unrelated to acceptability. Women and men rated all three products positively along several acceptability parameters. Foam was the least desirable delivery system due to excess messiness. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that it is feasible to distribute spermicides to women and men at increased risk for sexually transmitted disease and that the products will be used. Further research should be done among different populations and include other spermicidal delivery mechanisms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Improvement of diabetic control and acceptability of a three-injection insulin regimen in diabetic adolescents. A multicenter controlled study.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness and acceptability of a three-injection insulin regimen with the conventional two-injection therapy in an unselected population of diabetic adolescents. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Some 205 patients aged 10-18 yr with IDDM, who were previously treated with two daily insulin injections, were included without any selection into a randomized trial. They were either switched to three (regular prebreakfast, regular prelunch, and [regular+ultralente] predinner) or remained on two ([regular+intermediary] prebreakfast and predinner) subcutaneous injections. They were evaluated after 1 yr of treatment. The major criteria of outcome of efficacy were the concentration of GHb, the frequency of severe hypoglycemia and DKA, and body weight. RESULTS: Of the patients, 82% accepted the three-injection regimen, and 83% accepted the two-injection regimen. At entry into the trial, no significant differences appeared between the two treatment groups nor among patients refusing the allocated regimen. Significant explanatory variables predicting initial diabetes control were duration of disease and adherence to diet. GHb, decreased from 9.8 +/- 0.1 to 9.3 +/- 0.2% (P < 0.05) in the three-injection group, whereas it increased from 9.5 +/- 0.3 to 9.8 +/- 0.3% (P < 0.05) in the two-injection group, resulting in a modest (0.75%) but significant difference (P < 0.05) between GHb change in the two groups. The difference reached 1.4% (P < 0.0002) in patients with GHb > 11.2% at entry. The frequency of hypoglycemia and DKA was similar in the two groups. None of the parameters known to potentially influence glycemic control changed during the trial, and, therefore, the improvement of GHb could be attributed to the pattern of daily insulin distribution per se. CONCLUSIONS: In the general diabetic adolescent population, the efficacy of a three-injection regimen is somewhat superior to that of a conventional two-injection regimen, particularly in patients previously poorly controlled. The acceptability of this regimen being excellent, its increased use should be considered in this age-group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Note on parental similarity, acceptance of authority, and field independence.

Bieri (1960) suggested that, particularly for males, the combined unconventionality of low acceptance of authority and greater perceived similarity to the opposite sexed parent would be associated with high field independence. This study challenged that argument suggesting that a mixture of conventional and unconventional personality variables, i.e., low acceptance of authority, same sex parental similarity or high acceptance of authority, opposite sex similarity, would be associated with higher field independence than consistently conventional or unconventional combinations of variables. 66 female and 57 male students completed an embedded-figures test, an acceptance of authority scale, and a semantic differential measure of perceived similarity to parents. The hypothesis was confirmed for males but not females. There were strong differences between these results and those obtained by Bieri with comparable measures.

Attitude↗
PubMed1999

Magnitude estimation scaling judgments of speech intelligibility and speech acceptability.

20 female students in speech-language pathology provided magnitude estimation scaling responses for the speech intelligibility and acceptability of audio-taped speech samples varying systematically the number of consonant sounds produced correctly. Analysis indicated no significant over-all differences between listeners' judgments of intelligibility and acceptability; however, listeners tended to judge samples with fewer than 50% of the consonants correct as more acceptable than intelligible, and they judged samples with more than 50% consonants correct as less acceptable than intelligible.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Psychological acceptance and alexithymia in spinal cord injury patients.

We examined psychological acceptance and alexithymia in a sample of 45 patients with spinal cord injury. Approximately 86% of patients regarded their prognosis for spinal cord injury as favorable. Seven years after the onset of injury, however, complete psychological acceptance of injury had not occurred in many patients. Patients who had achieved psychological acceptance tended to show alexithymia. These results suggest that patients may achieve psychological acceptance in the context of adapting to society by suppressing or denying their feelings and finally developing alexithymic features.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2003

Are students' perceptions of parental acceptance of academic dishonesty associated with its occurrence?

The study explored the association between the perceptions 175 Chilean business students held about their parents' acceptance of academic dishonesty and their self-reports of academic dishonesty. Regressing scores for parental acceptance onto self-reported academic dishonesty indicated it accounted for a small (2.2%) but significant amount of variance beyond demographic and academic performance variables. Effect size analysis based on structure coefficients indicated that parental acceptance was the second best predictor in the equation, suggesting that parental acceptance is a correlate that merits further study.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Adolescents' peer-rated mental health, peer-acceptance, and irrational beliefs.

Based on the notion of positive psychology, the interrelationships among peer-rated mental health, social acceptance and irrational beliefs were examined using Korean youth. We predicted that adolescents who were rated by their peers to be relatively more mentally healthy, compared to those who were rated to be less mentally healthy, would (a) receive higher social acceptance from peers and (b) report fewer irrational beliefs. 476 adolescents (252 boys and 224 girls; M age = 16.7 yr., SD=.46), all recruited from a single high school in an upper middle-class area in Seoul, Korea, rated each others' mental health in five areas of mental health, i.e., concern for others, contentment with life, creativity and industry, good interpersonal relationships and ability to cope with stressful situations and social acceptance and responded to a questionnaire measuring irrational beliefs. Analysis showed that those adolescents who were rated by their peers to be more mentally healthy received higher social acceptance from those peers than those rated as less mentally healthy; however, this effect size was small. Implications of the study are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Consumer sensory acceptance and value of domestic, Canadian, and Australian grass-fed beef steaks.

To determine US consumer acceptance and value of beef from various countries, 24 taste panels of consumers (n = 273 consumers) were conducted in Denver and Chicago. Two pairs of strip steaks were evaluated for flavor, juiciness, tenderness, and overall acceptability on eight-point hedonic scales. One pair consisted of an Australian grass-fed strip steak and a domestic strip steak, whereas the other pair included Canadian and domestic strip steaks. The pairs were matched to similar Warner-Bratzler shear values and marbling scores to decrease variation associated with tenderness and juiciness. A variation of the Vickery auction was used to obtain silent, sealed bids on steaks (0.45 kg) from the same strip loins sampled in the taste panel. Consumers gave higher (P < 0.001) scores for flavor, juiciness, tenderness, and overall acceptability for domestic steaks compared with Australian grass-fed steaks. Domestic steaks averaged 3.68/0.45 dollars kg, whereas consumers placed an average value of 2.48/0.45 dollars kg on Australian grass-fed steaks (P < 0.001). Consumers rated Canadian steaks numerically lower for juiciness (P = 0.09) and lower (P < 0.005) for flavor, tenderness, and overall acceptability than domestic samples. Consumers placed an average value of 3.95/0.45 dollars kg for domestic steaks and 3.57/0.45 dollars kg for Canadian steaks (P < 0.01). Consumers (19.0%) who preferred Australian grass-fed steaks over domestic steaks paid 1.38/0.45 dollars kg more (P < 0.001), whereas consumers (29.3%) who favored the Canadian steaks over the domestic steaks paid 1.37/0.45 dollars kg more (P < 0.001) for the Canadian steaks. A majority of US consumers seem to be accustomed to the taste of domestic beef and prefer domestic steaks to beef from Australia grass-fed and Canadian beef.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2006

The modified Meek technique as a novel method for skin grafting in horses: evaluation of acceptance, wound contraction and closure in chronic wounds.

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: The acceptance of skin grafts in horses is unpredictable and the final cosmetic result can be disappointing. Besides movement and infection, graft failure is often caused by chronic inflammation, inherently present during second intention healing of limb wounds in horses. In human burns affected by infection and inflammation, the acceptance of the island skin grafts of the modified Meek technique appeared to be better than meshed sheet skin grafts. HYPOTHESIS: The percentage take of Meek micrografts is higher than of other techniques; and rates of both wound contraction and epithelialisation are increased. METHODS: Large traumatic limb wounds of 13 horses healing by second intention were grafted using the modified Meek technique. Photographs of the wounds were taken at set intervals. Wound areas, and areas of acceptance and rejection were determined using a digital image post processor (Scion Image). The percentages of take, wound contraction and epithelialisation were calculated. RESULTS: The initial mean wound area was 7500 mm2. Graft acceptance was mean +/- s.d. 93.7 +/- 5.9%. Wound closure was due to contraction (55.2 +/- 11.1%) and epithelialisation (44.8 +/- 11.1%) and resulted in a 96.7 +/- 3.6% reduction of the initial wound area 29.1 +/- 6 days after grafting. All wounds showed functional and cosmetic healing. CONCLUSIONS: The method for skin grafting in horses achieved higher percentages of take than reported previously and consistent cosmetic and functional results. The grafts increased not only the rate of epithelialisation but also had a strong positive effect on wound contraction, resulting in rapid closure and smaller scars. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: The modified Meek technique proved to be a novel technique for skin grafting equine wounds in clinical practice, which can be performed easily. The molecular background of the increase of wound contraction by the grafts may provide a clue in the search for medicinal stimulation of wound contraction during second intention healing.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Psychological variables and patient acceptance of complete dentures.

Psychological variables and tests used in general psychology have been used in the prediction of patient acceptance of dentures. However, a survey of the dental literature indicates that with the possible exception of a 'focused interview' on self-image, none of these methods are of clinical value, either for practical reasons or because their ability to predict denture acceptance is negligible. In the present study 74 individuals with newly made dentures were interviewed with a focused interview and 16 additional questions. No correlations of practical importance between these psychological variables and denture acceptance were found, indicating that useful indicators of patient acceptance of dentures will have to be designed for the prosthodontic problem specifically.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

The effect of speech presentation level on acceptance of background noise in listeners with normal hearing.

A method has been established to measure the maximum acceptable background noise level (BNL) for a listener, while listening to speech at the most comfortable listening level (MCL). The acceptable noise level (ANL) is the difference between BNL and MCL. In the present study, the ANL procedure was used to measure acceptance of noise, first, in the presence of speech at MCL and, then, for speech presented at much lower and higher levels in listeners with normal hearing. This study used the term ANL to describe the results obtained at MCL and also at other speech presentation levels. The mean ANL at MCL was 15.5 dB, which is comparable to results obtained by previous investigators. ANL increases systematically with speech presentation level. Mean ANLs ranged from 10.6 dB when speech was presented at 20 dB HL to 24.6 dB when speech was presented at 76 dB HL. The results indicated that the acceptance of noise depends significantly on speech presentation level.

Adult↗