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PubMed2006

The intertubular compartment morphometry in capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) testis.

The aim of the present study was to characterize the intertubule element volume density, individual and total Leydig cells volume, Leydig cell number per testis and per gram of testis, and leydigosomatic index in adult capybaras. Eight capybaras from a commercial abattoir were utilized. The intertubular compartment volume density and the Leydig cells were 45.2 and 31.13%, respectively. The individual and total Leydig cell volumes were 8.51 and 2169.41 x 10(-12) mL, respectively. The Leydig cell number per testis was 3.8 billion and the Leydig cell number per gram of testis was 126 million. The leydigosomatic index was 0.037%. In conclusion, this study shows that capybaras have one of the greatest individual and total Leydig cell volume and Leydig cell volume density, and that the Leydig cell number per gram of testis is at least double the mean for mammals previously investigated in its order.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed2004

High numbers of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli found in bovine faeces collected at slaughter in Japan.

The prevalence and concentration of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in cattle faeces (n=605) at the time of slaughter was studied in Shimane Prefecture, Japan on a monthly basis between April 2000 and March 2001. Screening with stx-PCR determined a prevalence of 37.5%. After analysis of spread faeces and enriched samples on cefixime, tellurite and sorbitol-MacConkey agar using HCl treatment, 114 STEC strains were singly or concomitantly isolated from 97 cattle (15.9%). Of the 605 cattle, 31 (5.1%) harbored O26:H11, O111:H-, O121:H19 or O157:H7, which had the stx1 and/or stx2 and eae and hlyA genes, and 7 (23%) of these 31 cattle were high level carriers that contained these typical STEC at concentrations of 10(5)-10(8) CFU/g of faeces. The predominant serotype was O26:H11 (20 strains) and the second most frequent was O157:H7 (9 strains). Of the 605 cattle, 68 (11.2%) harboured 36 other serotypes and 6 (5.9%) of the 67 cattle were high level carriers. As a comparison between the prevalence of STEC and the faecal pH, it was demonstrated that STEC can be isolated from cattle with a wide range of faecal pH values. The presence of a high-carriage animal at the abattoir increases the potential risk of meat contamination during the slaughtering process, regardless of faecal pH.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed2004

Prevalence and characteristics of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp. isolated from slaughtered sheep in Switzerland.

Caecum samples collected from 653 slaughtered sheep from two Swiss abattoirs were examined. The aim of this study was: (i) to determine the prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp.; (ii) to further characterize isolated strains; and (iii) to discuss the results obtained with their relevance to food safety. The percentage of samples testing positive for STEC by a polymerase chain reaction was 29.9%. The prevalence of positive Salmonella spp. samples was 11.0% and of Campylobacter spp. 17.5%. In 55.3% of the 76 isolated non-O157 STEC strains, stx2 variants (mostly stx2d) were detected. Additional virulence factors were harbored by 55.3% of the STEC strains, 10.5% of them being eae positive, 55.3% ehxA positive and 2.6% astA positive. All isolated salmonella were identified as Salmonella enterica subsp. diarizonae serovar 61:k:1,5,(7). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed for genotyping and 22 different restriction endonuclease digestion profiles were found among these strains for the different farms of origin. Of the 114 isolated Campylobacter spp. strains, 64.9% were shown to be Campylobacter jejuni and 35.1% Campylobacter coli, nine strains showed resistance against tetracycline, ciprofloxacin/nalidixic acid or streptomycin. In conclusion, sheep are a reservoir for the pathogens of latent zoonoses as non-O157 STEC, S. enterica subsp. diarizonae and Campylobacter spp. The maintenance of slaughter hygiene is consequently of crucial importance. It can be measured in daily practice by "slaughter-process-controls" and regular microbiological monitoring of carcasses. These are valuable tools for verifying slaughter hygiene according to hazard analysis critical control point principles.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed2004

Microbial contamination on beef in relation to hygiene assessment based on criteria used in EU Decision 2001/471/EC.

Thirty-six carcasses were sampled over a 12-month period at an Irish beef abattoir. Between one and five carcass sites (including the hock, brisket, cranial back, bung, inside round and outside round) were sampled after hind leg skinning, hide removal, bung tying, evisceration, splitting, washing, chilling for 24 h and boning, using a wet and dry, cotton wool swab technique. For each sample, total viable counts (TVC), Escherichia coli, total coliforms and Enterobacteriaceae were enumerated. The results are considered in relation to European Union Decision 2001/471/EC which sets performance criteria for TVCs and Enterobacteriaceae in samples taken by excision. Though not explicitly stated in the Decision, it has been proposed that microbiological performance criteria for samples taken by swabbing be set at 20% of the values set for excision samples. Therefore, log mean TVCs in carcass swab samples taken before chilling are acceptable, marginal and unacceptable when they are <2.8, 2.8-4.30 and >4.30 cm(-2), respectively. By these criteria, TVCs on carcasses in the present study were in the marginal range. The marginal result for TVCs was due in the most part to hide removal operations, particularly at the hock and brisket sites. Bacterial contamination on post-chill carcasses was similar or lower to that on pre-chill carcasses, while boning resulted in general increases in TVCs and in E. coli, total coliform and Enterobacteriaceae numbers. In Decision 2001/471/EC, the effects of chilling and boning are not included in the assessment of process control. Data from this study indicate that performance criteria based on log mean Enterobacteriaceae values are unsuitable because of the infrequent occurrence of these organisms on the carcass.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed2004

Application of extended single-reaction multiplex polymerase chain reaction for toxin typing of Staphylococcus aureus isolates in South Korea.

The extended single-reaction multiplex PCR (esr-mPCR) developed in this study to detect staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs), including SEA, SEB, SEC, SED, SEE, SEH, SEI, and SEJ, requires fewer sets of primers than other conventional multiplex PCRs and can be used to detect newly identified staphylococcal enterotoxins SEs more readily. Esr-mPCR analysis of 141 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus obtained from abattoir and livestock product samples revealed that 27 of the S. aureus isolates were toxigenic, and two were 2 multitoxigenic isolates. The most prevalent SE type was SEI followed by SEA and SEH. In addition, we investigated the clonal relatedness of toxigenic S. aureus isolates by arbitrarily primed PCR (AP-PCR). AP-PCR analysis of toxigenic S. aureus isolates revealed that the discriminatory power of AP-PCR was 9 (D=0.81), 8 (D=0.77), and 10 types (D=0.83) with primers AP1, ERIC2, and AP7, respectively. The combination of three each AP-PCR result could rearrange toxigenic S. aureus isolates into 10 types and five subtypes, with the D-value of 0.92. Interestingly, our data showed that toxigenic S. aureus isolates from different sources had different fingerprinting patterns although some of them carried the same types of SE genes. These data suggest that combinations of esr-mPCR and AP-PCR can provide a powerful approach for epidemiological investigation of toxigenic S. aureus isolates.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed2006

Unveiling contamination sources and dissemination routes of Salmonella sp. in pigs at a Portuguese slaughterhouse through macrorestriction profiling by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.

Sixty-nine isolates of Salmonella sp. isolated from the ileum, tonsils, carcass and mandibular and ileocolic lymph nodes of individual pigs slaughtered for consumption in one abattoir were analyzed using serotyping and macrorestriction profiling by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (RFLP-PFGE), in order to identify clonal relationships. XbaI macrorestriction was able to distinguish 18 genotypes among the eight identified serotypes: Salmonella Typhimurium (4 genotypes), Salmonella Rissen (3), Salmonella Tennessee (2), Salmonella Enteritidis (2), Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- (4), Salmonella Give (1), Salmonella Anatum (1), and Salmonella Derby (1). Except for one sample, the serotype and the genotype identified in the samples from the same pork were always the same, allowing to unravel possible dissemination routes of Salmonella sp. through these pork tissues and equate presumptive sources of contamination or infection. Highly significant associations (p < 0.001) were observed for the presence of Salmonella sp. in the ileum and in the ileocolic lymph nodes, as well as between the carcass contamination and the presence of Salmonella sp. in others samples of the correspondent slaughtered pig, such as the ileum, the ileocolic and mandibular lymph nodes and the tonsils. Moreover, 80% of the pigs with ileum and ileocolic lymph nodes positive samples also presented the same salmonella genotype in the correspondent tonsils and, among pigs with positive tonsils, 70% also carried the same genotype in the corresponding mandibular lymph nodes. The occurrence of cross-contamination was also detected, since a genotype identified in other pigs slaughtered in the same day was found in 31% of positive carcasses. The global analysis of the genotypes suggested three different sources of pig infection: the farm of origin, the transportation and the lairage. A particular attention should be paid to the last one, since the majority of the isolates from pig samples were related to infection in the lairage. Since the presence of Salmonella sp. in the ileum of pigs and faeces ingestion promotes tonsils infection and internal dissemination of the agent through the mandibular lymph nodes, as well as drainage to the ileocolic lymph nodes, a potential risk exists at slaughter for Salmonella sp. contamination in the carcasses during pork processing. This risk may be increased by incorrect evisceration techniques and by hygienically inappropriate meat inspection procedures, especially those concerned to the mandibular lymph nodes incisions.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed2006

Estimating the true prevalence of Fasciola hepatica in cattle slaughtered in Switzerland in the absence of an absolute diagnostic test.

A survey of 1,331 cattle presented for slaughter at two abattoirs in Switzerland was used to estimate the true prevalence of Fasciola hepatica infection and the diagnostic parameters of visual meat inspection, coproscopy after sedimentation technique, a commercial ELISA test for specific antibody detection in serum and the post mortem microscopic detection of eggs in bile. Faeces, blood and the gall bladder were taken from most cattle presented for slaughter. In addition, livers that were rejected by the meat inspectors were also dissected to examine for the presence of liver fluke. Bayesian techniques (Markov Chain-Monte Carlo) were used to estimate the diagnostic parameters of each of these procedures and the true prevalence of bovine fasciolosis. The true prevalence of F. hepatica infection was estimated at 18.0% (95% credible intervals 15.9-20.3%). The diagnostic sensitivity of coproscopy, bile examination, antibody ELISA and meat inspection were estimated at 69.0% (57.3-79.7%), 93.4% (88.0-97.5%), 91.7% (87.2-95.2%) and 63.2% (55.6-70.6%), respectively. The diagnostic specificity of the ELISA test was estimated at 93.7% (91.7-95.2%). These results demonstrate that the prevalence of bovine fasciolosis is higher than previously thought due to the low sensitivity of meat inspection. They also demonstrate that traditional coproscopy can be very efficient if there is repeated sampling, resulting in sensitivity of approximately 92%.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed2004

Biosecurity in 116 Danish fattening swineherds: descriptive results and factor analysis.

Biosecurity measures are important for the herd's protection against diseases and also to provide nationwide protection against the introduction of exotic diseases. In this paper, we describe the farmers' choices and routines regarding biosecurity in Danish fattening herds. Overall, 116 Danish swine fattening herds in three areas of different pig density were interviewed. Of these herds, 78% purchased weaners from one sow herd only, whereas 10% purchased from >5 sow herds during 1 year. Large herds (>500 finishers) purchased weaners more often than smaller herds (< or =500 finishers). Only two swine producers purchased weaners from a market. Almost all herds (95%) received weaners from one sow herd at one time, and only one herd received from >5 sow herds in one batch. Twenty-one percent did not use an effective barrier between the loading area and the stables when delivering pigs for slaughter. Entry rooms (in which clothing and boots are changed) were common at the farm, and the numbers of visitors were generally low (<10 visitors a year). Factor analysis was performed to find underlying structures of the biosecurity measures in the herd; four factors were chosen (eigenvalue > 3.10). A site scoring high on factor 1 was a large SPF herd, which received weaners from a single source, had biosecurity requirements for the transport vehicles, and had a high level of biosecurity for visitors. A site scoring high on factor 2 was a multi-site farm, which had personnel working on more than one of the sites, only received weaners from one sow herd, had delivering herds placed close to the participating site, and transported animals themselves. A site scoring high on factor 3 was a site which hired commercial transport for slaughter, was situated far from the abattoir and had a high level of biosecurity when loading pigs. A production site scoring high on factor 4 was a large site, which used all-in/all-out management, washed and disinfected between each group, and purchased many weaners.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed2005

Pathological and aetiological studies of multifocal interstitial nephritis in wasted pigs at slaughter.

Multifocal interstitial nephritis in pigs has been associated with several infectious agents. The objective of the present study was to investigate several different potential infectious agents associated with "white-spotted" kidneys in pigs suffering from wasting at slaughter (aged 6-8 months). Twenty-nine case kidneys (with a "white-spotted" gross appearance) classified into 3 macroscopic lesional grades, and 15 control kidneys (lacking gross lesions), were obtained from a pig abattoir. Laboratory analyses to detect potential associations with the aforementioned pathological condition with Leptospira spp., porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), porcine parvovirus (PPV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and bacteria, were carried out. Microscopically, interstitial nephritis with a lymphofollicular inflammatory pattern (follicular nephritis) was observed in both case and control kidneys, with a higher frequency seen in the former ones. No leptospires were identified, although antibodies to the Pomona and Bratislava serovars were detected. Some pyogenic bacteria were also isolated from both case and control kidneys. PCV2 nucleic acid was only detected in 1 case kidney. PRRSV antigen was not found in any tested sample. Some pigs were tested positive for PPV by serology. Apparently, none of the studied agents were specifically associated as being the potential cause of the renal lesions in the studied wasted pigs. The fact that these chronic lesions may have been the consequence of a previous infection with one of these studied microorganisms, or more, and eventually with other non-tested infectious agents during the growing-finishing period, cannot be ruled out.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed2005

Comparisons between nulliparous heifers and cows as oocyte donors for embryo production in vitro.

The aims of the present study were to compare (1) Holstein-Friesian heifers versus early postpartum lactating cows, and (2) different age categories of crossbred beef heifers versus cows, in terms of oocyte yield, morphological quality and developmental competence. Four experiments were designed to test the associated hypotheses. In Experiment 1, ovum pick up was carried out twice weekly for a period of 5 weeks on Holstein-Friesian heifers (n = 8) and early postpartum cows (n = 8). Oocytes were submitted to in vitro maturation (IVM), fertilization and culture. Significantly more follicles were punctured on the ovaries of heifers than cows (10.4 versus 7.8, P < 0.001). This was reflected in a significantly higher number of total oocytes (4.7 versus 2.8, P < 0.001) and grade 1-2 oocytes recovered/animal from heifers than from cows (3.0 versus 1.8, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the percentage of oocytes cleaving after fertilization, or in the percentage reaching the blastocyst stage between heifers and cows. In Experiment 2, oocytes were obtained by manual aspiration from the ovaries of slaughtered crossbred beef heifers (under 30 months, n = 1241) and cows (over 4 years old, n = 1125), and processed in vitro as above. No significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of the number of aspirated follicles or oocytes recovered. A significantly higher proportion (P < 0.01) of cow oocytes than heifer oocytes reached the blastocyst stage (Day 8: 46.5% versus 33.4%). In Experiment 3, ovaries were separated according to age of heifer into three groups: (1) 12-18 months, (2) 19-24 months and (3) 25-30 months, and compared with cow oocytes. There was no significant difference in the blastocyst yield between the different age groups of heifers. Irrespective of heifer age, the blastocyst yield on Day 8 was significantly lower than that from cow oocytes (35.0, 35.2, 36.5 and 48.3%, respectively, P < 0.05). In Experiment 4, a significantly higher proportion (P < 0.001) of presumptive zygotes derived from abattoir-derived cow oocytes reached the blastocyst stage following culture in vivo in the ewe oviduct than those derived from heifer oocytes (Day 8: 53.1% versus 25.2% for cow and heifer oocytes, respectively). In conclusion, the origin of the oocyte has a significant impact on its subsequent developmental potential. These results would suggest that in an in vitro production system, cow oocytes should be preferentially used over those from heifers in order to maximize blastocyst development.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed2006

An aetiopathological study of chronic bronchopneumonia in lambs in Ireland.

Chronic bronchopneumonia in lambs, also known as 'atypical' or 'chronic, non-progressive' pneumonia is a common, frequently sub-clinical disease affecting animals under 12-months-old in intensive production systems. Infection with both Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae and Mannheimia haemolytica have been implicated in the aetiology of this condition and a variety of pulmonary lesions can result. In this study, detailed laboratory examination of 30 abattoir-derived lungs with the characteristic gross features of atypical pneumonia (AP) was carried out with a view to refining and correlating the histopathological and microbiological criteria required for the diagnosis of this disease. For the first time a broad range of laboratory detection techniques including bacterial and virus isolation, fluorescent antibody tests and immunohistochemistry were used in parallel to identify potential causative pathogens such as M. ovipneumoniae, M. haemolytica, parainfluenza type-3 (PI3) virus and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in AP lesions. The most consistent finding was the association of gross AP lesions with M. ovipneumoniae, identified by either culture or immunohistochemistry in 27 (90%) of the 30 cases. However the presence M. ovipneumoniae organisms or antigen did not consistently correlate with particular histopathological changes. Furthermore, peri-airway lymphoid hyperplasia, intra-alveolar exudation and nodular 'hyaline scars', which are all previously reported microscopic lesions of AP, were not identified in 12 (40%) of the cases and isolation of M. haemolytica was over-represented in lungs exhibiting suppurative lesions. These findings illustrate the complex aetiopathogenesis of this disease and highlight the requirement to use a combination of diagnostic criteria in its laboratory diagnosis.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed2006

Characterisation of the pig acute phase protein response to road transport.

The acute phase protein (APP) response was evaluated after prolonged transportation of pigs under commercial conditions. Elevated serum APP concentrations were observed in two groups of boars immediately after their arrival at a destination farm compared with within-animal control samples obtained one month later. The effect was more pronounced in the first group of pigs conveyed under average transport conditions (Transport 1, 24 h), although the second group was transported for a longer time period (Transport 2, 48 h) but in superior transport conditions. In a second trial, pigs were sampled before transport, on arrival at an abattoir (following 12 h transport), and at the slaughter-line (after 6 h lairage). Significant increases in major acute phase protein (Pig-MAP), haptoglobin, serum amyloid A, C-reactive protein, and a decrease in apolipoprotein A-I, were observed at slaughter. The results demonstrate that shipment of pigs by road can result in an APP response that is probably related to the stress of transport.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed2006

Przhevalskiana silenus myiasis among slaughter goats in northern Jordan.

During the period December 1998-May 2000, 900 local goats slaughtered at the Irbid Abattoir (northern Jordan) were examined for the larval instars of Przhevalskiana silenus. Of 900 goats, 10% (95% CI: 9,13) were infested with P. silenus larvae. Only the second and third larval instars were seen. A multiple-regression analysis (with the error variance described by the negative-binomial function) suggested that infestation depended on the month of sampling, and that infestation with live larvae was associated with a poorer carcass. The percentage of infested goats and the mean monthly total number of larvae per goat peaked in samples taken in the autumn and winter. Larval numbers were highly aggregated: most animals had no larvae but the maximum was 69. Analysis of the pattern of aggregation suggested that the best model fit was one in which the larvae counts per goat varied with the monthly prevalence.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed2006

Interaction of Tritrichomonas foetus and the bovine oviduct in an organ culture model.

Tritrichomonas foetus is an extracellular parasite of the reproductive tract in cattle. The mechanism by which T. foetus causes abortion in cattle is largely unknown. There are no studies of infection in the cow oviducts, almost all published papers are related to vagina infection and few articles focusing on the uterus. The aim of the present study was to establish a working model of bovine oviduct epithelial cells and submit these cells to Tritrichomonas foetus interaction. Twenty bovine oviducts were obtained from cows at a commercial abattoir and T. foetus was injected through the isthmus into the oviduct lumen. The whole oviduct was analyzed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The results reported here demonstrate that: (1) fresh whole oviducts can be used as a good model to study parasite-host cell interaction; (2) cow oviduct epithelium has been shown to consist of two cell types: ciliated and nonciliated secretory cells, and T. foetus displayed great specificity for the nonciliated cells localized in the deeper oviduct folds; (3) T. foetus adheres as single separate cells, and maintains the flagella externalized; (4) differently from T. vaginalis, T. foetus does not change its shape during the adhesion process; and (5) oviduct cells exhibited morphological characteristics of apoptosis after trichomonadal interaction.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed2006

Epidemiology of eurytrematosis (Eurytrema spp. Trematoda: Dicrocoeliidae) in slaughtered beef cattle from the central-west region of the State of Paraná, Brazil.

Bovine eurytrematosis (BE) in Brazil is caused by Eurytrema coelomaticum; the disease results in the condemnation of the pancreas of infected animals. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiology of eurytrematosis in cattle submitted for slaughter during June 2003 to May 2004 at the municipal abattoir of Campo Mourão, Paraná, Brazil, and compare gross observation of infection with histological findings. During the period studied, 1828 pancreases were collected randomly. The average prevalence was 47.8% (874/1828); prevalence varied from 26.9% (46/171) to 72.9% (105/144). It was discovered that the quantity of parasites within the interlobular pancreatic ducts was directly proportional to pancreatic destruction; females were more predominately infected relative to males; BE is endemic within the region of Campo Mourão; the average age of infection increases proportionally with prevalence; gross evaluation of bovine eurytrematosis is not efficient to characterize infection by E. coelomaticum in susceptible animals.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed2003

Effect of ovary storage and oocyte transport method on maturation rate of horse oocytes.

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of storage on equine ovaries or isolated oocytes. Ovaries were collected at an abattoir and were maintained at room temperature during collection and transport (3-9h total). After arrival at the laboratory, ovaries were divided into three groups: immediate oocyte collection (control), storage at room temperature overnight (15-18 h) before oocyte collection, or storage at 4 degrees C overnight before oocyte collection. Collected oocytes were cultured in maturation medium for 24h. There was a significant increase in the proportion of oocytes classified as having compact cumuli in the two storage groups when compared with the controls. For oocytes originally having expanded cumuli, the rate of maturation to MII was significantly higher in the control group (72%) than in either storage group, and the maturation rate for oocytes from ovaries stored at room temperature (27%) was significantly higher than that for ovaries stored at 4 degrees C (10%). A similar trend was seen for oocytes originally having compact cumuli (24, 11, and 3% in MI-II for control, room temperature, and cold groups, respectively). In Experiment 2, we evaluated the effect of different packaging systems on the maturation of horse oocytes within a portable incubator. Use of 1 ml of equilibrated maturation medium in a 1 ml glass vial was associated with maturation equivalent to that for standard incubation.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed2000

Age and seasonal variations in the prevalence of Oestrus ovis larvae among sheep in northern Jordan.

During the period March 1996-July 1997, 417 heads of Awassi sheep slaughtered at the Irbid Abattoir (northern Jordan) were examined for the three larval instars (L1, L2 and L3) of Oestrus ovis. Of the 417 heads, 242 (58%) were infested with O. ovis larvae. Larval numbers were highly aggregated. The lowest number of larvae and the lower quartile were both zero, whilst the median was two and the upper quartile was 12. The highest number of larvae recovered from one head was 151. All three larval instars were observed in each month of the year. July and October had the highest proportions of L1, 75 and 78%, respectively, among infected animals (adjusted for age). The number of larvae increased with age. Infestation with live larvae was associated with inflammatory responses in the upper respiratory tract and with catarrhal or purulent discharge. The percentage of infested sheep and the mean monthly total number of larvae/sheep peaked in the warmer part of the year. Most larvae were L1 except during the spring when L2 and L3 predominated. Distribution analysis demonstrates that the numbers of larvae recovered in the sheep population followed a negative-binomial distribution. Furthermore, the negative-binomial constant k for each month correlated with the monthly prevalence.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed2000

Prevalence of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) in northern Nigeria.

An abattoir study on the prevalence of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) in five cattle-producing states of Nigeria from 1988 to 1997 was carried out. A total of 1,936,015 slaughtered cattle was examined for characteristic CBPP lung lesions. The overall lesion-based prevalence of CBPP was 0.29% (95% CI 0.24, 0. 35). The prevalence varied significantly (P<0.05) by state but not across the years. A total of 279 CBPP outbreaks occurred and overall vaccination coverage was only 9.7%, both varied over the years and across the states. The reasons for inadequate vaccination coverage for CBPP as well as the need for re-establishment of a national CBPP control programme are suggested.

Abattoirs↗