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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Clinical studies on abnormal thyroid stimulators in patients with Graves' disease. I. A sensitive assay for thyroid-stimulating antibodies using cultured porcine thyroid cells and polyethylene glycol precipitation of serum].

The activities of thyroid-stimulating antibody (TSAb) in serum from patients with Graves' disease were measured by a sensitive assay, using cultured porcine thyroid cells and the precipitation from serum with polyethylene glycol (PEG), and the activities were compared with those of thyrotropin binding inhibitor immunoglobulin (TBII), measured by the commercial assay kit. Porcine thyroid cells after digestion were cultured for 15-18 hours with TSH of 1-10,000 microU/ml or the precipitations of sera from normal subjects and patients with Graves' disease or Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and then the cAMP levels in the culture medium were determined by the commercial RIA assay kit (Yamasa). The precipitation was obtained by adding 0.5 ml of 30% PEG solution to 0.5 ml serum, and was resuspended with 0.6 ml of Hanks' medium without NaCl, containing 1.5% bovine serum albumin, 20mM Hepes and 0.5 mM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine. The precipitation contained about 85% of immunoglobulin and 63% of albumin of the original amount of the serum, as well as substantial TSH, when the original serum contained TSH more than 40 microU/ml. When the PEG precipitations from 10 normal subjects were incubated with the thyroid cells of 4 X 10(5) cells, the cAMP releases into the medium ranged from 83 to 124%, when the mean value was calculated as 100%. Therefore, the cAMP release of more than 130% of the amount released into the culture medium incubated with normal IgG was judged as positive TSAb activity. The minimum detectable quantities were regarded as about 5 microU/ml TSH equivalent. TSAb and TBII activities were detected in 48 (92%) and 50 (96%) of 52 patients with untreated hyperthyroid Graves' disease, respectively, and either TSAb or TBII activities were detected in 16 (80%) of 20 patients with Graves' disease maintained in a clinically euthyroid state by treatment with antithyroid drugs. TBII was positive in 10(50%) of these patients. Some patients showed distinct discrepancies in these two activities, although there was a significant positive correlation between TSAb and TBII activities (r = 0.53, p less than 0.01) in patients with untreated Graves' disease. In these patients, TSAb activities showed a significant positive correlation with values for 99mTc thyroid uptake, determined 30 min after the injection. However, they did not show any significant correlation with serum T4 or T3 concentrations. Similarly, TBII showed significant correlations with goiter size and 99mTc thyroid uptake. To conclude, the present assay for TSAb is sensitive and reproducible.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Non-suppressed thyroidal radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) in thyrotoxic phase in a case of subacute thyroiditis with thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb).

In this paper, we report a 49-year-old female with subacute thyroiditis who had thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb) and thyroid-stimulation-blocking antibodies (TSBAb) in serum. Although she was in the thyrotoxic phase and TSH was suppressed in May, 1990, her radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) was not suppressed (35.5%) and a thyroid scan disclosed a diffuse goiter with no defect. Serum assays revealed the presence of TSAb, but TSBAb were negative. In August, 1990, the right lobe became undetectable by thyroid scan when the RAIU was 20.7% with the TSH level remaining suppressed. At that time, TSAb were negative, while TSBAb were positive. When the RAIU was 31.1% in October, 1990, both thyroid lobes became visible and the TSH level was normalized. TSBAb became negative, and although TSAb reappeared it later became undetectable. These results indicate that the changes in the patient's thyroid scan and RAIU were attributable to the presence of TSAb.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed1982

Syngeneic sensitization of mouse lymphocytes on monolayers of thyroid epithelial cells. III. Induction of thyroiditis by thyroid-sensitized T lymphoblasts.

During in vitro sensitization of CBA spleen lymphocytes on syngeneic monolayers of either thyroid epithelial cells (TEC) or fibroblasts, stimulation occurs, as assessed by thymidine incorporation and lymphoblast generation. When lymphoblasts generated on syngeneic TEC are injected either into thyroid lobes of intact CBA recipients or i.v., thyroiditis appears at least 21 days after injection. Thyroiditis is assessed by both optical and electron microscopic blind studies and by the presence of antibodies in the sera directed against mouse thyroglobulin. In contrast, control animals which received identical numbers of lymphoblasts generated on syngeneic fibroblasts behaved as normal. Thyroiditis was also induced using pure thyroid-sensitized T lymphoblasts. This is the first report showing the role of T lymphocytes in the induction of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Overlapping expression of amphioxus homologs of the thyroid transcription factor-1 gene and thyroid peroxidase gene in the endostyle: insight into evolution of the thyroid gland.

The endostyle is a pharyngeal organ of uro- chordates, cephalochordates, and primitive vertebrates. This organ has iodine-concentrating and iodine-metabolism activities, and therefore the endostyle is considered to be homologous to the follicle of the thyroid gland. In higher vertebrates the genes for both thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) and thyroid peroxidase (TPO) are expressed in the thyroid gland follicle. TTF-1 regulates the expression of TPO, which encodes an iodinating enzyme associated with thyroid hormone synthesis. A recent study showed that the ascidian TTF-1 and TPO genes are specifically expressed in the endostyle, but that the expression domains of these genes are not overlapping, suggesting that ascidian TPO is not regulated by TTF-1. To investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in the formation and function of the endostyle, with special reference to the evolution of the follicle of the thyroid gland, I isolated and characterized cDNA clones for the amphioxus homologs of the TTF-1 gene (BbTTF-1) and TPO gene (BbTPO) from Branchiostoma belcheri. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction/Southern blotting revealed that both amphioxus TTF-1 and TPO genes are expressed mainly in the adult endostyle. Spatial and temporal expression patterns assessed by in situ hybridization revealed that BbTTF-1 is expressed in the endodermal cells during early embryogenesis and is maintained in all zones of the adult endostyle. On the other hand, expression of BbTPO is chiefly in zones 5 and 6 of the adult endostyle where it overlaps with that of BbTTF-1, and to a lesser extent in zones 1 and 3. This restriction of the expression of BbTTF-1 and BbTPO to the endostyle strongly suggests that the endostyle is homologous to the follicle of the thyroid gland. Moreover, the spatial and temporal expression patterns of these genes suggest that TTF-1 regulates TPO expression. The coexpression of these genes in amphioxus suggests that regulation of TPO by TTF-1 was present in the common ancestor of cephalochordates (acraniates) and craniates.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1999

In vivo expression of thyroid transcription factor-1 RNA and its relation to thyroid function and follicular heterogeneity: identification of follicular thyroglobulin as a feedback suppressor of thyroid transcription factor-1 RNA levels and thyroglobulin synthesis.

We used in situ hybridization to evaluate thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) RNA expression in individual follicles and related this to thyroglobulin (Tg) synthesis in vivo, as estimated by immunohistochemical analysis. We studied the thyroids of Wistar rats treated with thyroxine (T4) or propylthiouracil (PTU), each of which modulates TSH levels, but affects follicular function and Tg accumulation in the follicular lumen very differently. We show that TTF-1 RNA levels in vivo correlate directly with an increase in the cytoplasmic accumulation of Tg within the cells of individual follicles. Because TTF-1 increases Tg gene expression, RNA levels, and protein synthesis in thyroid cell cultures and because there is no correlation with TSH-increased Tg degradation within the follicular lumen, the increased cytoplasmic accumulation of Tg in vivo is interpreted to reflect TTF-1-increased Tg synthesis. Increases in serum TSH levels in the PTU or T4 treated animals did not always correlate with increases in this measure of increased Tg synthesis; and TSH levels did not always correlate with changes in TTF-1 RNA levels that would be expected to accompany increased Tg synthesis. As one possibility, this suggested there might be a hitherto unrecognized suppressor of TTF-1 RNA levels and TSH-induced Tg synthesis in individual follicles. The immunohistochemical data suggested that this suppressor might be follicular Tg itself. Supporting this possibility, we show that physiological concentrations of highly purified 19S follicular Tg decrease TTF-1 RNA levels in rat FRTL-5 thyroid cells and inhibit the action of TSH to increase Tg synthesis. We therefore suggest that follicular Tg is a feedback autoregulator of thyroid function that can counterregulate TSH actions on thyroid function in vivo and in thyroid cells in culture. We suggest this phenomenon contributes to follicular heterogeneity in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Thyrotropin binding and long acting thyroid stimulator absorbing activities in subcellular fractions from isolated thyroid cells and thyroid homogenates.

The ability of various thyroid subcellular fractions to bind [125I]iodo TSH and to absorb long-acting thyroid stimulator (LATS) and thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) activities was examined. Membranes purified from thyroid homogenates or isolated thyroid cells absorbed LATS/TSI activities and specifically bound [125I]iodo TSH. Purified thyroglobulin, nuclei, mitochondria and ribosomes did not bind [125I]iodo TSH nor did they absorb LATS/TSI activities. Cell sap obtained by gentle lysis of isolated thyroid cells failed to absorb LATS/TSI activities and to bind labeled hormone. However, freeze-thawing of the cells fragmented the membranes, releasing [125I]iodo TSH binding as well as LATS/TSI absorbing activities into the soluble (cell sap) fraction. The results suggest that the LATS/TSI antigen is of cell surface origin, includes the TSH receptor or larger membrane fragments containing the receptor, and that its release into the soluble fraction is due to the fragmentation of the thyroid membrane during homogenization and preparative procedures.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies in thyroid disorders and non-thyroid autoimmune diseases.

A new commercial method for measurement of anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO DYNOtest, Henning, Berlin) was evaluated in normal subjects and in patients with autoimmune thyroid and non-thyroid diseases, and compared to an immune fluorescence method for measurement of anti-microsomal antibodies (MicAb), and a radioimmunological method for quantifying thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb). The majority of normal subjects had anti-TPO levels below 52 U/ml and patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis had levels above 200 U/ml, with a good correlation to MicAb. In other autoimmune thyroid diseases the correlation was less pronounced. In non-thyroid autoimmune diseases MicAb showed falsely positive reactions in the presence of other autoantibodies, e.g. mitochondrial antibodies. The present study indicates that the anti-TPO method should probably replace measurements of MicAb for routine clinical use, thus providing a sensitive, precise, antigen specific method with the ability to reveal quantitative fluctuations. The study also indicates that TgAb could be abolished in routine diagnosis of autoimmune thyroid diseases and be reserved for special clinical situations, research purposes as well as measurement in sera before evaluation of serum thyroglobulin levels.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Iodine metabolism and thyroid-related functions in organisms lacking thyroid follicles: are thyroid hormones also vitamins?

Thyroid-related functions in organisms devoid of follicular thyroid tissue have been reviewed. In the lamprey, a primitive vertebrate, the larva concentrates iodide and synthesizes thyroid hormones (TH) by iodoperoxidase (IP)-mediated iodination of a thyroglobulin (TG)-like molecule in a subpharyngeal afollicular endostyle. The endostyle is the thyroid homolog, and it reorganizes into a follicular thyroid at metamorphosis to the adult. Ascidians and amphloxus, invertebrate protochordate relatives of vertebrates, also concentrate iodide and synthesize TH in a subpharyngeal afollicular endostyle, but the endostyle never transforms to follicles. Ascidian plasma contains L-thyroxine and its more biologically active derivative 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine, and TH receptors exist, but TH effects are poorly understood. No other invertebrates possess an endostyle. Several invertebrates concentrate iodide at other sites and form protein-incorporated iodohistidines and iodotyrosines; however, de novo iodothyronine biosynthesis through IP-mediated TG iodination has not been established. Nevertheless, TH occur in invertebrates, and exogenous iodothyrosines or iodothyronines have effects on jellyfish, insects, and sea urchins. Furthermore, gut bacteria metabolize TH, and plants may synthesize TH by nonenzymatic oxidative iodination. Thus, TH occur in many organisms and, after ingestion and enteric absorption, can enter the food chain. Indeed, sea urchin larvae obtain TH required to induce metamorphosis from plant diatoms. Thyroid hormones can therefore have vitamin-like effects and, in conjunction with vitamin D, and possibly with other steroids, may be more aptly termed vitamones. Availability of exogenous TH has implications for models of invertebrate and vertebrate TH metabolism and iodine salvaging, and it may explain the prominent and probable ancestral role of peripheral mechanisms in regulating thyroidal status.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Subacute thyroiditis in a lateral thyroid gland: evaluation of the pituitary-thyroid axis during the acute destructive and the recovery phases.

Subacute thyroiditis in a lateral, ectopic thyroid has been previously unreported. A 4 10/12-YEAR-OLD GIRL HAD AN ENLARGING MASS IN THE LEFT UPPER ANTERIOR NECK. Initially, the serum concentration of T4 was normal, T3 was elevated, and TSH was undetectable without response to TRH. RAI uptake was 1%. The data were consistent with subacute thyroiditis. Twelve weeks later the serum concentration of T4 was low and TSH was elevated; thyroid replacement therapy was given for 20 weeks. When this was discontinued, there was an initial increase and then a decrease in the TSH values accompanied by an increase in serum concentrations of T3 and T4 to normal during eight weeks. One must consider a lateral ectopic thyroid gland in the differential diagnosis of masses in the neck. Physicians must be aware that temporary hypothyroidism occurs during the course of subacute thyroiditis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

Treatment guidelines for patients with thyroid nodules and well-differentiated thyroid cancer. American Thyroid Association.

A set of minimum clinical guidelines for use by primary care physicians in the evaluation and management of patients with thyroid nodules or thyroid cancer was developed by consensus by an 11-member Standards of Care Committee (the authors of the article) of the American Thyroid Association, New York, NY. The participants were selected by the committee chairman and by the president of the American Thyroid Association based on their clinical experience. The committee members represented different geographic areas within the United States, to reflect different practice patterns. The guidelines were developed based on the expert opinion of the committee participants, as well as on previously published information. Each committee participant was initially assigned to write a section of the document and to submit it to the committee chairman, who revised and assembled the sections into a complete draft document, which was then circulated among all committee members for further revision. Several of the committee members further revised and refined the document, which was then submitted to the entire membership of the American Thyroid Association for written comments and suggestions, many of which were incorporated into a final draft document, which was reviewed and approved by the Executive Council of the American Thyroid Association.

Adenocarcinoma, Follicular↗
PubMed1991

Expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on thyroid epithelial cells in Hashimoto's thyroiditis but not in Graves' disease or papillary thyroid cancer.

In order to study the possible role of antigen-independent adhesion systems in thyroid autoimmunity, we evaluated by indirect immunofluorescence the expression of lymphocyte functional antigen-1 (LFA-1) and its ligand ICAM-1 on mononuclear cell infiltrates (when present) and thyroid follicular cells of four patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, 30 with Graves' disease, five with papillary cancer, two with follicular adenoma, and two normal thyroid specimens. The expression of MHC class I and class II antigens was also evaluated. Most mononuclear infiltrates were LFA-1 positive, as expected. A positivity for ICAM-1 on follicular cells was observed in three out of four Hashimoto's thyroiditis specimens; such a phenomenon was totally absent in Graves' disease or any other pathological condition, or in normal tissue. MHC class II expression on thyrocytes was observed in all the patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, in 27 out of 30 with Graves' disease and in three out of five papillary cancer specimens.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Autoimmune thyroiditis with transient thyrotoxicosis: comparison between painful thyroiditis and painless thyroiditis.

Clinical and laboratory findings and long-term outcomes in 8 patients (7 women) with autoimmune thyroiditis (AT), aged 34-59 years, who had a painful tender goiter and a transient thyrotoxicosis with a low thyroid radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU), were compared with those in 15 patients (13 women) with painless thyroiditis (PT), aged 23-69 years. Six painful AT and 6 PT patients had a history of prior awareness of goiter. All patients with painful AT had a moderate or marked elevation of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and a positive result for C-reactive protein, while only 3 PT patients (group B) did. There were no significant differences between the mean age, duration of symptoms, white blood cell count, serum triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) concentrations, serum T3/T4 ratio and duration of thyrotoxicosis after the initial examination and prevalences of positive results for antithyroglobulin and -microsomal antibodies in the two diseases. Two of 8 painful AT patients showed a histologically chronic fibrous variant and 6 others showed chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis. All PT patients examined also showed lymphocytic thyroiditis. Two and 5 painful AT patients developed transient and persistent hypothyroidism, respectively, while 8 [7 in group A (normal ESR), 1 in group B] and 3 PT patients (1 in group A, 2 in group B) did, respectively. The mean serum thyroid-stimulating hormone level in the hypothyroid phase in painful AT patients was higher than that in PT patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Simultaneous expression of thyroid peroxidase and human leukocyte antigen-DR by human thyroid cells: modulation by thyrotropin, thyroid-stimulating antibody, and interferon-gamma.

Major histocompatibility class II molecules human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) are abnormally expressed by human thyroid cells (HTC) in autoimmune thyroid glands. The simultaneous expression of HLA-DR and organ-specific autoantigens such as thyroid peroxidase (TPO) by HTC might enable these cells to function as antigen-presenting cells, thus perpetuating the autoimmune process. The aim of the present study was to clarify the interplay of endocrine (TSH) and immune [TSab or interferon-gamma (IFN gamma)] factors on the expression of HLA-DR and TPO in HTC. Thyrocytes were cultured with supernatants of T-cells cloned from the infiltrate of Hashimoto's glands, human recombinant IFN gamma, TSab, or TSH. These factors were added either alone or in different combinations and sequences. HLA-DR and TPO were identified in HTC by a double indirect immunofluorescence technique, using a monoclonal anti-HLA-DR antibody and human serum containing anti-TPO antibody, respectively. IFN gamma, either recombinant or produced by T-cell clones, induced HLA-DR appearance in thyrocytes, whereas TSH or TSab stimulated TPO expression. The appearance of HLA-DR induced by IFN gamma was accompanied by a progressive reduction of TPO despite stimulation by TSH or TSab. This decline reached a nadir after 9-10 days in different primary cultures. During this period, a percentage of cells ranging from 10-40% simultaneously expressed HLA-DR and TPO on their surface and in the cytoplasm. The inhibition of TPO expression and the appearance of HLA-DR induced by IFN gamma were rapidly reverted when TSH or TSab was substituted for interleukin in the culture medium and vice versa. We conclude that 1) the expression of TPO or HLA-DR in thyroid cells is a dynamic phenomenon that is differently influenced by TSH, TSab, and IFN gamma. It is the interplay of these factors in different follicles and during different periods of time that determines the expression of TPO alone, HLA-DR alone, or both molecules together in the same thyroid cell; 2) during exposure to TSH (or TSab) and IFN gamma, TPO and HLA-DR can be expressed simultaneously by thyroid cells for up to 7 days; and 3) the modulation of HLA-DR and TPO by supernatants of T-cells cloned from Hashimoto's glands is reproduced by IFN gamma alone.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1985

Thyroid abnormalities in dermatitis herpetiformis. Prevalence of clinical thyroid disease and thyroid autoantibodies.

We studied thyroid abnormalities in 50 patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. Two patients had a history of hyperthyroidism, and 5 had hypothyroidism and were on thyroid replacement therapy. Three patients had had thyroidectomies for nodules, and 5 had asymptomatic goiter. Two patients were clinically euthyroid with elevated thyrotrophin and low normal thyroxine levels, indicating early thyroid insufficiency. Thyroid microsomal antibodies were seen in 38% of patients with dermatitis herpetiformis compared to 12% of controls. The presence of clinical or serologic thyroid abnormalities in 26 of 50 patients shows a significant but unexplained association between dermatitis herpetiformis and thyroid disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Polysialic acid of the neural cell adhesion molecule in the human thyroid: a marker for medullary thyroid carcinoma and primary C-cell hyperplasia. An immunohistochemical study on 79 thyroid lesions.

We recently reported that the gold-labeled monoclonal antibody MAb 735, reactive with a long-chain form of alpha-2,8-linked polysialic acid (polySia) found on the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), is useful to immunohistochemically distinguish small-cell lung carcinomas from neuroendocrine carcinomas with higher grade of differentiation (carcinoids) and other types of lung carcinomas (Am J Pathol 1991;139:297). In this study, we tested the occurrence of polySia in various types of malignant thyroid tumors and C-cell hyperplasia to determine whether polySia is a useful adjunct for the differential diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and other thyroid neoplasms and to distinguish primary from secondary (reactive) C-cell hyperplasia (CCH). We examined formaldehyde-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections of 79 thyroid lesions, consisting of 33 MTC (14 familial and 19 sporadic tumors), 13 follicular, 11 papillary, 16 anaplastic carcinomas, and four glands with primary and two with secondary CCH. We applied a direct and an indirect immunogold-silver technique for polySia, CT, and CEA detection, respectively. All 33 MTC showed a strong cell-surface-associated immunoreactivity for polySia, which was sensitive to endoneuraminidase digestion. The polySia immunoreactivity of nerves served as an internal control in all specimens. Immunoreactivity for CT and CEA was present in all MTC with the exception of one recurrent tumor with features of an anaplastic MTC type. All other thyroid neoplasms were nonreactive for polySia, CT, and CEA. Primary CCH associated with MTC showed a strong polySia immunostaining, which was less intense in primary CCH not combined with MTC. In normal-appearing C cells and in secondary CCH, staining for polySia was absent in the majority of cases. We conclude that polySia of NCAM is a valuable marker to distinguish medullary carcinomas from other types of thyroid carcinomas. Furthermore, it allows for the discrimination of primary from secondary C-cell hyperplasia and may be helpful to better define the normal range of C cells in unaffected members of a family with a history of multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN)-II.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1972

Effects of thyroid-stimulating hormone on adenyl cyclase activity and intermediary metabolism of "cold" thyroid nodules and normal human thyroid tissue.

"Cold" thyroid nodules do not concentrate (131)I before or after thyrotropin (TSH) administration. In an attempt to elucidate the reason for this TSH unresponsiveness, the effect of TSH in vitro on several metabolic parameters was studied in 11 "cold" thyroid adenomas, 2 medullary carcinomas, and in the surrounding normal thyroid tissue. Basal adenyl cyclase activity, glucose-1-(14)C oxidation, and (32)P incorporation into phospholipids were significantly greater in the adenomas than in the adjacent normal thyroid; basal cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) concentration and adenine-(3)H incorporation into (3)H-labeled cyclic AMP were not different. In adenomas as well as normal thyroid, all parameters responded significantly to in vitro TSH stimulation. The response to TSH of adenyl cyclase activity and (32)P incorporation was enhanced in adenomas compared with that of the adjacent normal thyroid. These differences were not explained by an increased cellularity of the adenomas. Medullary carcinomas did not respond to TSH in any of the above parameters. The studies demonstrate an intact, TSH-responsive adenyl cyclase-cyclic AMP system in the adenomas and, accordingly, imply the presence of receptor sites for TSH on the cells of the adenoma. The failure of such nodules to concentrate (131)I may be owing to a subsequent impairment in the expression of cyclic AMP action on iodine metabolism.

Adenine↗
PubMed1978

Tetanus toxin interactions with the thyroid: decreased toxin binding to membranes from a thyroid tumor with a thyrotropin receptor defect and in vivo stimulation of thyroid function.

Normal rat thyroid membranes adsorb neurotoxicity when incubated with purified tetanus toxin. Membranes from a rat thyroid tumor with a thyrotropin receptor defect adsorb very little neurotoxicity when similarly evaluated. This inability of the tumor membranes to adsorb neurotoxicity is correlated with a defect in their ability to bind both 125I-labeled tetanus toxin and [125I]iodothyrotropin. The effect of tetanus toxin on the release of radioiodine from the thyroids of appropriately prepared mice has been measured by adapting methods used for the bioassay of thyrotropin. One minimum lethal dose of tetanus toxin given sc caused a significant release of radioiodine into the blood of mice 48 h after injection. In mice subjected to the stress of prior bleedings or anesthesia, the release of radioiodine from the thyroid by tetanus toxin was accelerated, i.e., the increase in blood radioiodine could be measured 24 h after injection. These results again suggest that tetanus toxin may interact with thyrotropin receptors on thyroid plasma membranes. The "sympathetic overactivity syndrome" seen in some patients with tetanus and the syndrome characterized as "thyroid storm" in patients with Graves' disease are discussed as they may relate to these observations.

Animals↗