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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Protein synthesis stimulated in sonicated sugar beet cells and protoplasts.

Sugar beet suspension cells and protoplasts were exposed to 20 kHz ultrasound and the amount of 35S-methionine incorporated into cellular protein was determined after 2 days of culture. The incorporation of 35S-methionine in cells was enhanced up to 90% after sonication for 220-770 ms at 1.2-3.5 W/cm2 which reduced viability 5-11% and decreased the average size of cell aggregates. In protoplasts, the 35S-methionine incorporation was increased up to 31% after sonication for 220-550 ms at 0.3-1.0 W/cm2 with a concomitant reduction in viability of 10-16%. At higher ultrasonic energies, 35S-methionine incorporation declined proportionally to the reduction in protoplast viability. At concentrations up to 30 mM, cystamine and cysteamine did not affect 35S-methionine incorporation or viability of the sonicated protoplasts. These results show that mild ultrasonic irradiation can stimulate protein synthesis in plant cells and protoplasts significantly.

Plant Cells↗
PubMed1987

Purification and properties of starch hydrolyzing enzymes in mature roots of sugar beets.

Mature roots of sugar beets, which accumulate large amounts of sucrose but not starch, nevertheless contained acid and neutral amylases, judging from their pH optima, as well as pullulanase. Acid and neutral amylases were partially purified by procedures including fractionation with ammonium sulfate, ion exchange column chromatography, and gel filtration. Acid amylase was classified as an exoamylase, since it produced only glucose from soluble starch, amylopectin. beta-limit dextrin, and rabbit liver glycogen. Neutral amylase was classified as an endoamylase, since it liberated maltose as the main product plus a small amount of glucose and oligosaccharides, and was capable of hydrolyzing beta-limit dextrin. Pullulanase was purified to apparent homogeneity by procedures including fractionation with ammonium sulfate, Diethylaminoethyl-cellulose column chromatography and affinity chromatography. Pullulanase was capable of hydrolyzing soluble starch, amylopectin, beta-limit-dextrin, and pullulan. Debranching of amylopectin was further evident by an increase in extinction coefficient, and by a shift of lambda(max) from 530 to 560 nm when the debranched amylopectin formed a complex with I(2)-KI.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Aneuploids from the progeny of triploid sugar beets].

The crossing of sugar beet triploids with triploids (3x X 3x) produced 25.1 +/- 5.16% of aneuploids, the crossing of triploids with tetraploids (3x X 4x) resulted in 17.7 +/- +/- 2.66% of aneuploids, and the crossing of triploids with diploids (3x X 2x) yielded 12.4 +/- 2.36% of aneuploids. In the combinations 3x X 2x and 3x X 4x all the theoretically possible forms of aneuploids were observed. After free pollination of aneuploids with different numbers of chromosomes their progenies comprise 71.4 +/- 2.18% of euploids and 28.6 +/- 3.31% of aneuploids.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed2002

Isolation and molecular analysis of six taproot expressed genes from sugar beet.

The taproot from sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) undergoes a specific developmental process to function as a food storage organ. Suppression Subtractive Hybridization (SSH) was utilized for the isolation of cDNA fragments for taproot expressed genes. Isolation and molecular analysis of six cDNAs encoding the complete gene product revealed that these genes comprise homologues of a drought-inducible linker histone, a homologue of a major latex-like protein, a phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase kinase, a putative vacuolar processing enzyme, a thaumatin-like protein and an alanine- and glutamic acid-rich protein. All genes are transcribed in taproots while transcription in leaves is low or undetectable.

Beta vulgaris↗
PubMed1981

Blood glucose and insulin levels in normal subjects following a meal with and without added sugar beet pulp.

The fibrous components of sugar beet pulp were investigated to determine whether they would reduce the post-prandial rise in blood glucose and plasma insulin levels when incorporated into a mixed meal. On two separate occasions six healthy volunteers were given either a control meal (providing 86 g carbohydrate) or an identical meal with the addition of 20 g sugar beet pulp (test meal). Blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were measured post-prandially for 3 hours. There was no significant difference between the mean blood glucose of plasma insulin curves at any time after the two meals. Since viscous types of dietary fibers are known to be effective in reducing post-prandial hyperglycaemia and insulinaemia, it would seem that either the physio-chemical nature of the fibre or the procedure employed to extract the sugar renders the particulate fibre inactive.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Salt-inducible betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase from sugar beet: cDNA cloning and expression.

Members of the Chenopodiaceae, such as sugar beet and spinach, accumulate glycine betaine in response to salinity or drought stress. The last enzyme in the glycine betaine biosynthetic pathway is betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH). In sugar beet the activity of BADH was found to increase two- to four-fold in both leaves and roots as the NaCl level in the irrigation solution was raised from 0 to 500 mM. This increase in BADH activity was paralleled by an increase in level of translatable BADH mRNA. Several cDNAs encoding BADH were cloned from a lambda gt10 library representing poly(A+) RNA from salinized leaves of sugar beet plants, by hybridization with a spinach BADH cDNA. Three nearly full-length cDNA clones were confirmed to encode BADH by their nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence identity to spinach BADH; these clones showed minor nucleotide sequence differences consistent with their being of two different BADH alleles. The clones averaged 1.7 kb and contained an open reading frame predicting a polypeptide of 500 amino acids with 83% identity to spinach BADH. RNA gel blot analysis of total RNA showed that salinization to 500 mM NaCl increased BADH mRNA levels four-fold in leaves and three-fold in the taproot. DNA gel blot analyses indicated the presence of at least two copies of BADH in the haploid sugar beet genome.

Aldehyde Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed2004

Isolation of diferulic bridges ester-linked to arabinan in sugar beet cell walls.

After degradation of sugar beet cell walls with Driselase and fractionation of the solubilised products by hydrophobic interaction chromatography, a dehydrodiferuloylated oligoarabinan was isolated. Its structure was assigned to two dimers of (1-->5)-linked arabinose units esterified by a central 8-O-4' ferulic dimer. These results provide the first direct evidence that pectic arabinans in sugar beet cell walls may be covalently cross-linked through dehydrodiferulates.

Beta vulgaris↗
PubMed2000

Physico-chemical and technological studies on sugar beet roots.

The morphological and chemical characteristics of ten varieties of sugar beet roots were evaluated during the season of 1996-1997. The best morphological characteristics were found in Top, Ito and Pamela varieties. The highest expected technological yield of sugar was found in Pamela and Top. The chemical constituents of different varieties of sugar-beet roots showed significant differences. The suitability of sugar beet juice for preparing beet syrup as a new product was also evaluated and compared with sugar cane syrup. Purified beet-syrups concentrated under vacuum or under atmospheric pressure showed more stability during storage than sugar cane syrup. The effect of storage conditions (at cold storage and at room temperature) and packaging materials (glass and polyethylene high-density bottles) on properties of beet-syrup and sugar cane syrup were also studied.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1971

Sodium absorption by intact sugar beet plants.

Sodium absorption by intact sugar beet plants (Beta vulgaris) was found to be mediated by at least two distinct mechanisms when uptake was studied over a wide range of Na and K concentrations. The first mechanism operates at low Na concentrations (<1 milliequivalent per liter); presence of K completely blocks this mechanism for Na. The second mechanism operates at high Na concentrations (>1 milliequivalent per liter), transporting Na as well as K; but apparently this mechanism is not active for Na absorption in young sugar beet plants up to the 10-leaf stage.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1992

Feeding value of dried sugar beet pulp from Egyptian production.

Dried sugar beet pulp was fed to sheep in mixture with molasses (BPM), molasses plus urea (BPMU) or with hay (BPH) in comparison to whole diet of hay (H) in four metabolic trials. There were no significant differences among the four rations although BPMU reflected the highest digestibility of nutrients. The BPH had the highest feeding value (total digestible nutrients "TDN" and metabolizable energy) and caused the highest retention of nitrogen. Blood profile revealed that there were no significant effect of the rations on packed cell volume, haemoglobin, activity of glutamic pyruvic transaminase, Mg and Na. Whereas glucose, total N, Ca, P and K significantly affected. The BPMU and BPH were found to be the best mixtures of the four tested rations in respect to the digestibility, feeding value and blood picture. Thus, dried sugar beet pulp could be offered to animals in a mixture with molasses and urea or with hay according to the availability and price of the other ingredients than beet pulp, i.e. molasses and urea or hay.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1994

Isolation and purification of feruloylated oligosaccharides from cell walls of sugar-beet pulp.

Cell walls from sugar-beet pulp contain some feruloyl groups linked to the pectic neutral side-chains. Enzymic as well as chemical hydrolysis of the pulp yielded a series of feruloylated oligosaccharides, which have been purified by Sephadex LH-20 and Biogel P-2 chromatography in aqueous solvents. Feruloylated arabinose di-, tri-, hexa-, hepta-, and octa-saccharides as well as feruloylated galactose disaccharides were obtained after hydrolysis of the pulp with a mixture of fungal carbohydrases (Driselase). Feruloylated arabinose and galactose monosaccharides were obtained through mild acid hydrolyses. Both arabinose and galactose residues in the side-chains are feruloylated, 50-55% of the feruloyl groups being linked to arabinose residues and 45-50% to galactose residues. It is concluded that 1 out of 56 arabinose residues and 1 out of 16 galactose residues present as pectic side-chains in sugar-beet pulp carry a feruloyl group.

Cell Wall↗
PubMed2000

Dietary sugar beet fiber ameliorates diarrhea as an acute gamma-radiation injury in rats.

Gamma radiation induces diarrhea as an acute injury. We have studied whether ingestion of sugar beet fiber influences radiation-induced diarrhea. Abdominal irradiation with gamma rays induced diarrhea in male Wistar/ST rats from 2 to 7 days after a single sublethal dose. The body weight of the irradiated rats was decreased temporarily at 4 days after irradiation regardless of the ingestion of sugar beet fiber. At day 8, it returned to almost the same level as that of unirradiated rats. A change in daily food intake resulted in a pattern similar to that for body weight. Dietary sugar beet fiber had little significant effect on the changes in body weight and daily food intake, and its ingestion significantly decreased gamma-ray-induced diarrhea. Changes in biochemical and histological parameters in intestinal mucosa (small intestine, cecum and colon) were not greatly influenced by the ingestion of sugar beet fiber through the periods of diarrhea. It was concluded that dietary sugar beet fiber ameliorated the diarrhea induced by abdominal irradiation. We suggest that the inhibitory effect of the ingestion of sugar beet fiber is due to its effects on the luminal environment, such as support for bacterial function in the luminal contents in the colon of animals that ingest sugar beet fiber.

Abdomen↗
PubMed2004

Fluorometric sucrose evaluation for sugar beet.

Sucrose is the economic product from sugar beet. Disease resistance is often available in low-sucrose genotypes and, prior to the deployment of such novel genes as available into the cultivated spectrum, selection for increased sucrose content is required during introgression. The objective of this work was to evaluate a relatively rapid and inexpensive enzymatic-fluorometric microtiter plate assay for sucrose quantification in sugar beet root dry matter, both for progeny testing in the greenhouse and for evaluation of field-grown mother roots. As determined using HPLC, sucrose content in diverse populations of sugar and table beet assayed over various developmental stages ranged from 0.213 to 2.416 mmol g(-1) of dry matter, and these values were used as references for both refractometry and enzymatic-fluorometric assay. As expected, refractometric analysis generally overestimated sucrose content. Enzymatic-fluorometric analyses were reasonably well correlated with HPLC results for young greenhouse-grown root tissues (R2 = 0.976), and less so with older field-grown roots (R2 = 0.605), for unknown reasons. Enzymatic-fluorometric assays may be best deployed for progeny testing of young seedlings.

Beta vulgaris↗
PubMed2001

Aroma compounds in the production of liquid beet sugar.

Samples of in-process liquid beet sugar were collected from three different parts of a beet sugar factory and a refinery. The samples were analyzed with respect to aroma compounds by means of both liquid-liquid extraction and gas-phase (headspace) extraction followed by gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) and GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The aromas of the eluted compounds were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively for the different samples. In general, earthy and sour aromas were often present in the raw juice sample, whereas caramel aromas were mainly present in the samples taken further downstream in the process. For fruity, floral, and solvent-like aromas, different parallel trends were noted. Some aromas were present only at the beginning of the process, whereas others developed toward the end of the process.

Carbohydrates↗
PubMed1983

Auxin-induced ethylene production as related to auxin metabolism in leaf discs of tobacco and sugar beet.

Exogenously supplied indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) stimulated ethylene production in tobacco (Nicotiana glauca) leaf discs but not in those of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). The stimulatory effect of IAA in tobacco was relatively small during the first 24 hours of incubation but became greater during the next 24 hours. It was found that leaf discs of these two species metabolized [1-(14)C]IAA quite differently. The rate of decarboxylation in sugar beet discs was much higher than in tobacco. The latter contained much less free IAA but a markedly higher level of IAA conjugates. The major conjugate in the sugar beet extracts was indole-3-acetylaspartic acid, whereas tobacco extracts contained mainly three polar IAA conjugates which were not found in the sugar beet extracts. The accumulation of the unidentified conjugates corresponded with the rise of ethylene production in the tobacco leaf discs. Reapplication of all the extracted IAA conjugates resulted in a great stimulation of ethylene production by tobacco leaf discs which was accompanied by decarboxylation of the IAA conjugates. The results suggest that in tobacco IAA-treated leaf discs the IAA conjugates could stimulate ethylene production by a slow release of free IAA. The inability of the exogenously supplied IAA to stimulate ethylene production in the sugar beet leaf discs was not due to a deficiency of free IAA within the tissue but rather to the lack of responsiveness of this tissue to IAA, probably because of an autoinhibitory mechanism existing in the sugar beet leaf discs.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1990

An industrial hygiene evaluation of beet sugar processing plants.

Industrial hygiene surveys were conducted at seven beet sugar processing plants to evaluate worker exposures to chemical contaminants used or generated in the process. Personal air sampling used to evaluate worker exposures showed overexposures to calcium oxide, carbon monoxide, respirable coal dust, sulfur dioxide, and sugar dust. The beet sugar industry is an old industry, lacking engineering controls found in many other industries.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1998

Nucleic acid and protein elimination during the sugar manufacturing process of conventional and transgenic sugar beets.

The fate of cellular DNA during the standard purification steps of the sugar manufacturing process from conventional and transgenic sugar beets was determined. Indigenous nucleases of sugar beet cells were found to be active during the first extraction step (raw juice production) which was carried out at 70 degrees C. This and the consecutive steps of the manufacturing process were validated in terms of DNA degradation by competitive PCR of added external DNA. Each step of the process proved to be very efficient in the removal of nucleic acids. Taken together, the purification steps have the potential to reduce the amount of DNA by a factor of > 10(14), exceeding by far the total amount of DNA present in sugar beets. Furthermore, the gene products of the transgenes neomycin phosphotransferase and BNYVV (rhizomania virus) coat protein CP21 were shown to be removed during the purification steps, so that they could not be detected in the resulting white sugar. Thus, sugar obtained from conventional and transgenic beets is indistinguishable or substantially equivalent with respect to purity.

Base Sequence↗