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Results for “school functioning”

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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Substance abuse among adolescents with chronic mental illnesses: a pilot study of descriptive and differentiating features.

Twenty-six adolescents with a chronic mental illness (schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder of at least 1.5 years' duration) were assessed for the presence or absence of comorbid substance abuse. The two groups were compared on a number of variables believed to identify or predict substance abuse. The substance abusing subgroup were significantly different in levels of social functioning, school achievement, premorbid substance abuse, having parents or siblings who abused substances, dysfunctional families, cigarette smoking, number of hospital admissions, and emergency room visits. These findings are discussed in the context of clinical issues regarding the management of adolescents with chronic mental illnesses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

A younger aged reference group for the WISC-R.

The present study obtained WISC-R scores for a younger aged sample. Standard scores for this sample are presented along with an adequate three factor solution reflecting verbal, general performance, and auditory-attention-perceptual-performance dimensions. Furthermore, coefficients of concordance are reported for the present sample with a three factor solution for the normative WISC-R 6 1/2 year old group. Problems with the skewness of some of the subsets are discussed in light of a possible psychometrically guided approach to constructing early infant intellectual assessment measures. Implications of finding a different, from traditional, third factor are considered with respect to early school functioning.

Child↗
PubMed1989

[Psychosocial aspects of the so-called short-bowel syndrome in children].

In a retrospective study of 16 patients with (congenital) bowel pathology, aged 2 to 12, attention was paid to the psychosocial aspects of the short bowel syndrome. Parents were interviewed and parents' and teachers' reports of children's behavioural and emotional problems were obtained. Parents as well as children appeared to have reached a reasonable level of adjustment. Parents' emotions concerning the period of hospitalisation still appeared to be strikingly strong. Although most children did not show obvious psychopathology, problems were observed in the areas of behaviour and attention, interfering with optimal school functioning in the case of some children.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1981

Developmental output failure: a study of low productivity in school-aged children.

Children with low academic productivity in late elementary and junior high school present a vexing problem to parents and schools. A subgroup of these youngsters may have underlying subtle handicaps that result in reduced productivity and chronic underachievement. Such children may be clinically characterized as exhibiting "developmental output failure." Using parent and teacher questionnaires, educational achievement tests, and pediatric neurodevelopmental assessments, a group of 26 children was selected according to predetermined criteria from among the clinic population seen in The School Function Program at The Children's Hospital Medical Center. Common findings among the group included problems with expressive language, fine motor tasks, finger agnosia, attention, and retrieval memory. It is suggested that clinicians be aware of the possibility that a child in this age group with low academic work output may have underlying developmental dysfunctions, whose manifestations may not have been evident earlier in life.

Achievement↗
PubMed1977

[Dislocation of the elbow as a clinical problem with reference to rehabilitation].

In the period from 1970 till 1974, 106 patients with the clean luxation without the injury of the bone supstrate were treated. From that number there were 68 men and 38 women. In the total anaesthesia the reposition and imobilisation in the upper arm longeta were performed. This longeta was removed after three weeks and then the rehabilitation was continued (medical school). Functional results are neat.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Effects of indoor air pollution on lung function of primary school children in Kuala Lumpur.

In a cross-sectional study of 7-12 year-old primary school children in Kuala Lumpur city, lung function was assessed by spirometric and peak expiratory flow measurements. Spirometric and peak expiratory flow measurements were successfully performed in 1,214 and 1,414 children, respectively. As expected, the main predictors of forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of vital capacity (FEF25-75), and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) were standing height, weight, age, and sex. In addition, lung function values of Chinese and Malays were generally higher than those of Indians. In multiple regression models which included host and environmental factors, asthma was associated with significant decreases in FEV1, FEF25-75, and PEFR. However, family history of chest illness, history of allergies, low paternal education, and hospitalization during the neonatal period were not independent predictors of lung function. Children sharing rooms with adult smokers had significantly lower levels of FEF25-75. Exposures to wood or kerosene stoves were, but to mosquito repellents were not, associated with decreased lung function.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1992

Moderate to heavy infections of Trichuris trichiura affect cognitive function in Jamaican school children.

A double-blind placebo trial was conducted to determine the effect of moderate to high loads of Trichuris trichiura (whipworm) infection on the cognitive functions of 159 school children (age 9-12 years) in Jamaica. Infected children were randomly assigned to Treatment or Placebo groups. A third group of randomly selected uninfected children were assigned to a Control for comparative purposes. The improvement in cognitive function was evaluated using a stepwise multiple linear regression, designed to control for any confounding variables. The expulsion of worms led to a significant improvement in tests of auditory short-term memory (P less than 0.02; P less than 0.01), and a highly significant improvement in the scanning and retrieval of long-term memory (P less than 0.001). After 9 weeks, treated children were no longer significantly different from an uninfected Control group in these three tests of cognitive function. The removal of T. trichiura was more important than Ascaris lumbricoides in determining this improvement. The results suggest that whipworm infection has an adverse effect on certain cognitive functions which is reversible by therapy.

Albendazole↗
PubMed1984

[A change of attitude among health personnel: a function of the schools of public health].

This presentation examines the problem of certain attitudes of persons employed in health and other sectors, and of the beneficiary population itself which, though not blocking, at least make it difficult to promote the attainment of health for all based on primary care. The author describes the changes of attitude and behavior patterns needed both in the whole population, for whose sake the changes are needed, and in those charged with establishing policies and providing health care. At the same time, he identifies the functions that schools of public health may have to perform in order to promote and bring about those changes. With a precise idea of what the desirable changes are and what they consist of, the article examines in detail the principal areas of interest, which it distinguishes as follows: the meaning of health; the meaning of health care and health development; the scope of policy-making; intersectoral and multidisciplinary collaboration; community involvement and self-care; cost-containment of medical care; health system organization and operation; health management training, and health manpower development. The author concludes by underscoring the vital importance of understanding the meaning of health for all and of taking cognizance of the current deficiencies of the health education and service systems, but states that it is just as important to keep an optimistic and positive attitude.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1979

Departmental review in medical schools: focus and functions.

Approximately two-thirds of all U.S. and Canadian medical schools have provisions for the evaluation of their departments on a periodic or ad hoc basis. Most of these institutions have initiated the departmental review process since 1970. It appears that use of the practice is increasing and is becoming an important tool in providing guidance for departmental activities, programs, and leadership. Departmental review may be conducted in a variety of ways with varying levels of intensity, flexibility, and skill, depending on the environment, resources, dean, department chairmen, faculty, and attitudes of university administrators. Departmental review may be employed to identify, elaborate, document, and/or contribute to the resolution of current and potential organizational concerns. When carefully administered, the process can be a stabilizing rather than a disruptive force; however, by itself, it does not solve major institutional problems.

Canada↗
PubMed1979

Respiratory function in aboriginal school children.

Two hundred and three school-age Aboriginal children living on Cherbourg Aboriginal Settlement have had lung function tested with a dry spirometer. As with other non-Caucasian children, the forced vital capacity (FVC) was about 25% below values for Caucasian children, but the ratio between forced expiratory volume in one second and forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC ratio), the mean mid-expiratory flow rate (MMEFR) and testing before and after a bronchodilator showed no evidence of widespread airways disease. Analysis of a subgroup of 126 children showed that birthweight, weight at one year of age, and current nutrition did not affect the level of the FVC.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Intellectual and functional status at school entry of children who weighed 1000 grams or less at birth: a regional perspective of births in the 1980s.

The intellectual and functional status of a regional cohort of children who weighed 501 to 1000 gm when born between 1980 and 1982 was evaluated at a mean age of 5 1/2 years by standard psychometric tests. Of 90 long-term survivors (survival rate 49%), 78 children (87%) had the full test battery, 5 children (6%) had other tests (4 were blind), and one child was untestable. Most of the mean scores were within 1 SD of the test norms; the lowest scores were in the McCarthy Motor scale and in the Beery Test of Visual-Motor Integration. Children without neurologic impairments and those with an IQ greater than or equal to 68 (n = 60) had higher overall scores but still performed poorly on the Motor subscale and the Beery test. Children who weighed less than 800 gm at birth (n = 28) were similar to those who weighed greater than 800 gm (n = 50), except in the Memory and Motor subscales, in which they performed significantly less well. At a functional level, determined by the Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales, two thirds of the children were performing in the adequate range and the remainder in the moderately low to low range. Of the 43 children with no neurosensory impairments and an IQ greater than or equal to 84, 49% were identified (by the Florida Kindergarten Screening Battery) to be at mild to high risk for future learning disabilities. The data from this unselected population provide an unbiased estimate of the prevalence of intellectual and functional problems in children who weighed less than or equal to 1000 gm at birth.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1991

Lung function in school-age children who had mild lower respiratory illnesses in early childhood.

We examined the relationship between patterns of mild lower respiratory illness (LRI) experienced in early childhood and lung function in 89 boys and 70 girls 6 to 18 yr of age. The children's histories of outpatient visits for wheezing and nonwheezing LRI during the first 6 yr of life had been documented by physicians in a single pediatric practice. Most children were reported by their parents to have been free of recurrent respiratory symptoms during the 2 yr prior to lung function testing. In sex-specific analyses, average lung function assessed by spirometry was similar in children who had made zero or one physician visit for wheezing LRI during the preschool years. Boys who had experienced two or more episodes of wheezing LRI during the preschool years had lower average FEV1, FEV1/FVC, FEF25-75, Vmax50, and Vmax75 than did boys who had zero or one preschool wheezing illness. The association between recurrent preschool wheezing LRI and later lung function remained after exclusion of data from seven boys who were reported to have wheezed in the 2 yr prior to study. Girls who had experienced two or more preschool wheezing LRI had lower average FEF25-75 and Vmax50 than girls with a history of zero or one such illness, but differences were not statistically significant. Recurrent nonwheezing LRI during the preschool years was not significantly associated with subsequent lung function in either sex, regardless of preschool wheezing LRI history. Detailed information concerning early childhood LRI experience is valuable in epidemiologic studies of factors influencing lung function in children.

Adolescent↗