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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Eikenella corrodens. An emerging pathogen in head and neck infections.

Eikenella corrodens is a gram-negative, facultative anaerobe that exists as part of the normal oral flora. Its role as a pathogen in human infection has been disputed, but recently its pathogenic potential has been increasingly recognized. A review of the literature reveals the emergence of this organism as a pathogen in human infection. Specific microbiologic characteristics of this organism make it difficult to isolate and evaluate for antibiotic sensitivities. Infections produced by this bacteria are characteristically indolent in nature and are usually associated with oral contamination. Appropriate antibiotic therapy utilizes ampicillin or penicillin. Tetracycline is the drug of choice in the penicillin-allergic patient. Clindamycin resistance is a universal feature. A greater awareness of the pathogenic potential of E corrodens is essential for appropriate recognition and treatment.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2026

Clinical and Microbiological Characteristics of Invasive Group A Streptococcus Infection: Four Case Series of Re-Emerging Pathogens.

INTRODUCTION: Group A Streptococcus (GAS), particularly the M1UK lineage, has re-emerged as a major global public health concern following the COVID-19 pandemic, with a rise in invasive GAS (iGAS) and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS). Although STSS is under national surveillance in Japan, comprehensive molecular monitoring of iGAS infections remains limited, and the clinical characteristics of M1UK-associated iGAS have not been fully elucidated. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed four consecutive iGAS cases requiring intensive care between March and May 2024. Detailed clinical, microbiological, and genomic investigations were performed to characterize the causative strains and their associated virulence profiles. RESULTS: All patients required respiratory and/or circulatory support with surgical debridement. Three cases involved necrotizing fasciitis, and one involved intra-abdominal infection secondary to ovarian tumor rupture. All four patients received penicillin G and clindamycin as definitive antimicrobial therapy, with two developing severe drug-related adverse events. Genotypic analysis identified three isolates as emm1 strains, including two M1UK lineage strains. The two M1UK isolates commonly harbored multiple superantigen genes. All isolates remained susceptible to β-lactam, clindamycin, and macrolide antibiotics. CONCLUSION: This case series documents the identification of the M1UK lineage among critically ill patients with iGAS infections in Japan. Our findings support the need for continued molecular surveillance while reinforcing the importance of prompt surgical source control and appropriate antimicrobial therapy in the management of severe iGAS.

Group A Streptococcus↗
PubMed1996

[Emerging pathogens in lower respiratory tract infections].

Pneumonia is one of the most important causes of death in industrialized countries where it is the infection with the overall highest mortality rate. In contrast to bacteremia, in which the cause of infection is readily established, the determination of the cause of acute pneumonia remains problematic. About half the patients requiring admission to the hospital do not have the cause of pneumonia diagnosed. The emergence of newer pathogens and the recognition of new presentations of older pathogens, however, have made it apparent that it will always be necessary to pursue aggressively an etiologic diagnosis in patients with pneumonia. This article briefly reviews some of new pathogens of lower respiratory tract infections that have become very important in the last years for their capability to determine severe clinical patterns, for their high frequency in some high-risk patient groups and for difficult diagnosis or treatment. Moreover we present new facets of the "old pathogens" of community-acquired pneumonia. Particularly we underline major changes occurred in the antibiotic-susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae.

English Abstract↗
PubMed2003

Emerging pathogen of wild amphibians in frogs (Rana catesbeiana) farmed for international trade.

Chytridiomycosis is an emerging disease responsible for a series of global declines and extinctions of amphibians. We report the causative agent, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, in North American bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) farmed for the international restaurant trade. Our findings suggest that international trade may play a key role in the global dissemination of this and other emerging infectious diseases in wildlife.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Burkholderia pseudomallei: another emerging pathogen in cystic fibrosis.

BACKGROUND: Burkholderia pseudomallei is an important cause of acute fulminant pneumonia and septicaemia in tropical regions of northern Australia and south east Asia. Subacute and chronic forms of the disease also occur. There have been three recent reports of adults with cystic fibrosis (CF) who presumably acquired B pseudomallei infection during extended vacations or residence in either Thailand or northern Australia. METHODS: The clinical course, molecular characteristics, serology and response to treatment are described in four adult CF patients infected with B pseudomallei. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based methods were used to confirm B pseudomallei and exclude B cepacia complex. Genotyping was performed using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) PCR and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). RESULTS: Four patients are described with a mean duration of infection of 32 months. All but one patient lived in tropical Queensland. Two patients (with the longest duration of infection) deteriorated clinically and one subsequently died of respiratory failure. Both responded to intravenous treatment specifically targeting B pseudomallei. Another patient suffered two severe episodes of acute bronchopneumonia following acquisition of B pseudomallei. Eradication of the organism was not possible in any of the cases. PFGE of a sample isolate from each patient revealed the strains to be unique and RAPD analysis showed retention of the same strain within an individual over time. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support a potential pathogenic role for B pseudomallei in CF lung disease, producing both chronic infection and possibly acute bronchopneumonia. Identical isolates are retained over time and are unique, consistent with likely environmental acquisition and not person to person spread. B pseudomallei is emerging as a significant pathogen for patients with CF residing and holidaying in the tropics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Salmonella enteritidis, an emergent pathogen in Chile].

BACKGROUND: Salmonella enteritidis infections have increased worldwide in the last years. Isolation of this pathogen was remarkably rare in Chile until 1994, when the still ongoing outbreak emerged. AIM: To assess the main epidemiological characteristics of the Salmonella enteritidis epidemic in Chile. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cases of clinical infections by Salmonella enteritidis were recorded from bacteriological and demographic notifications obtained at The National Reference Laboratory for Enterobacteria. Infection rates were calculated using the total Chilean population and the population of the different Health Services along the country. RESULTS: Until 1993, 13.67 Salmonella enteritidis strains per year were received at the Reference Laboratory. The figures increased to 478 and 432 in 1994 and 1995, respectively. National rates were 3.41 and 3.04 notifications/100,000 inhabitants in 1994 and 1995 respectively. Northern regions were the most affected and 90% of observed cases during 1994 came from Arica and Antofagasta. At the present time, 20% of cases are observed in Santiago, located in the mid-portion of the country. The outbreak has mainly affected children and young adults (70% of cases). Strains have been isolated from stool cultures, suggesting gastrointestinal infections as the main clinical presentation. More than 98% of strains are susceptible to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, tetracycline, sulfa-trimetroprim, cefotaxime or ciprofloxacin. CONCLUSIONS: The obtained data clearly indicate the existence of an epidemic outbreak of Salmonella enteritidis infections, with a geographic progression from North to South.

Chile↗
PubMed1996

Genetic characterization and phylogeny of Sabiá virus, an emergent pathogen in Brazil.

Sabiá virus, one of five arenaviruses from South America known to cause hemorrhagic fever in humans, emerged in 1990 when it was isolated from a fatal case in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Subsequently, it has caused two laboratory-acquired infections. Its natural distribution and host are still unknown. Using viral RNA and multiple polymerase chain reaction products as templates, the nucleotide sequence of the small (S) RNA segment of Sabiá virus, which codes for the nucleocapsid (N) and glycoprotein precursor, was determined. This virus shares an ambisense genome in common with other arenaviruses, although it has a unique predicted three stem--loop structure in the S RNA intergenic region. Phylogenetic analysis of a portion of the N gene sequence confirmed that Sabiá virus is distinct from all other members of the Arenaviridae and shares a progenitor with Junin, Machupo, Tacaribe, and Guanarito viruses.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2005

[Emergent pathogens, international surveillance and international health regulations (2005)].

In order to address the vitality of the microbial world, to detect emerging infectious diseases, to determine their potential threat to public health, and to establish effective interventions, the World Health Organization (WHO) has developed and coordinates the Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network (GOARN) which connects several surveillance networks. Some of these networks are specific to epidemic-prone diseases, such as influenza, dengue, yellow fever or meningitis. Others were especially designed to track unusual events--such as the emergence of SARS--that are naturally-occurring, accidental, or deliberately created (biological weapons, bio-terrorism). Lastly, a special effort is being made at the international level to modernize the International Health Regulations, now obsolete, and to support all the countries in the reinforcement of their outbreak alert and response capacity.

Communicable Diseases, Emerging↗
PubMed2004

[Rickettsia africae, the agent of African tick-bite fever: an emerging pathogen in the West Indies and Reunion Island (Indian Ocean)].

Rickettsia africae is the agent of African tick bite fever, an emerging disease transmitted by Amblyomma ticks in sub-Saharan Africa. In 1998, we reported the first documented case of R. africae in the New World, in a patient who had returned from Guadeloupe. In order to confirm the presence of R. africae in the West Indies, entomologic surveys were conducted from 1999 to 2003 to collect Amblyomma, which are considered as potential vectors and reservoirs of the bacteria. Ticks were used as epidemiological tools to detect R. africae by molecular tools and/or cultivate the bacteria in shell-vial cell culture. This paper summarizes the results obtained in the West Indies. R. africae was detected and isolated for the first time in Guadeloupe, and then detected by molecular tools in Martinique and St-Kitts and Nevis. These last results confirm our first hypotheses--that is R. africae is prevalent on all the Caribbean islands where A. variegatum ticks have been introduced from Africa in the 18th and 19th centuries. We also present the results of a study conducted on the Reunion Island, a French island in the Indian Ocean. For the first time there, R. africae was detected in A. variegatum ticks, which were probably introduced from the African mainland or Madagascar with the human colonization during the 17th century Thus, clinicians should be aware that patient presenting in the West Indies or on Reunion Island (or after a trip over there) with fever, eschar (often multiple), regional lymphadenopathy and a rash, might be infected by R. africae.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Zoonotic Babesia: possibly emerging pathogens to be considered for tick-infested humans in Central Europe.

The three host-tick Ixodes (I.) ricinus is regarded as an important vector of tick-borne microorganisms pathogenic for humans in central Europe and is primarily known as the main vector of Borrelia (B.) burgdorferi and the virus causing tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), the most clinically relevant tick transmitted pathogens for humans in European countries. Furthermore, it is now well established that I. ricinus also transmits Ehrlichia (E.) phagocytophila, Babesia (Ba.) divergens, and Ba. microti, all agents of zoonotic infections in dear, sheep, cattle, dogs, and horses. In addition to their known zoonotic potential, recent molecular-epidemiological and seroepidemiological surveys as well as increasingly reported clinical cases of infections caused by these tick-borne organisms other than B. burgdorferi (TOBB) also strongly suggest a possible relevance of Babesia, Ehrlichia and Rickettsia for humans at risk in Europe. However, there are few medical microbiological investigations and epidemiological data on the distribution and relevance of Babesia for humans in our part of the northern hemisphere. There is also very little diagnostic and clinical knowledge on human babesiosis in many regions of Europe. Furthermore, sophisticated diagnostic tools designed for the reliable detection of the underlying pathogens, are not yet generally available to the microbiological laboratory. This review aims to provide basic information on human babesiosis and the most relevant causative pathogens of the disease in Europe and to draw attention to this parasitic infection as a possibly emerging and probably under-diagnosed disease in this part of the northern hemisphere.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Human parvovirus B19: a new emerging pathogen of inflammatory cardiomyopathy.

The human parvovirus B19 (PVB19), an erythrovirus causing diverse clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic or mild to more severe outcomes such as hydrops fetalis, is the only known human pathogenic parvovirus so far. Although enteroviruses have long been considered the most common cause of inflammatory cardiomyopathy, PVB19 is emerging as a important candidate. Recent studies have indicated an association of PVB19 with paediatric and adult inflammatory cardiac disease. However, whether or not PVB19 has an impact on inflammatory cardiomyopathy in adult patients is still unclear. The first hints for a possible aetiopathogenetic role of the PVB19-infection and the development of cardiac dysfunction were demonstrated by molecular biology utilizing in situ hybridization (ISH) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). According to available evidence, PVB19-associated inflammatory cardiomyopathy is characterized by infection of endothelial cells of small intracardiac arterioles and venules, which may be associated with endothelial dysfunction, impairment of myocardial microcirculation, and penetration of inflammatory cells into the myocardium.

Cardiomyopathy, Dilated↗