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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

The prey consumption and prey preference of the larvae of the mosquito Culex (Lutzia) raptor on the larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus.

The maximum consumption of the larvae of the pest and vector mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus by the predatory mosquito Culex (Lutzia) raptor was studied at various instars of both the predator and the prey. The prey preferences of the predator when given lavae of different instars were also investigated. The IVth instar of the predator consumed the maximum number of Ist instar and the maximum biomass of IVth instar larvae of the prey. Instars I and II of the predator preferred the Ist of the prey; instars III and IV of the predator preferred instars II and III of the prey respectively. The predator consumed an average of 157.1 larvae during its whole larval period, when each instar of the predator was given its preferred instar of the prey.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Trichinella spiralis: activation of complement by infective larvae, adults, and newborn larvae.

The ability of Trichinella spiralis to activate complement (C) has been addressed by several investigators. However, these investigators employed methods in which either detection of C fragments on the parasite surface or the adherence of leukocytes to the parasite was considered an indication of C activation. The present studies were undertaken to examine: (a) whether activation of C occurs via the classical and/or alternative pathway, (b) at which stage(s) of the parasite C activating capacity is acquired, and (c) what molecular entities of the epicuticle and/or cuticle are responsible for initiating C activation. Our studies indicate that T. spiralis activates C primarily via the alternative pathway (and weakly via the classical pathway) since incubation of parasites obtained from infected mice with either normal human serum (NHS) or Mg.EGTA-NHS, followed by incubation (1 hr, 37 degrees C) with antibody-sensitized sheep erythrocytes or rabbit erythrocytes, respectively, showed a time-and parasite number-dependent depletion of C. Although the three stages of T. spiralis, i.e., infective larvae, adults and newborn larvae, are capable of activating C, the newborn appears to be the most potent activator, especially when parasite number and size are taken into consideration. Further evidence of C activation is obtained from SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis in which homogenates of parasites preincubated with NHS showed the presence of C3, C9, and C1q, whereas controls without serum were negative. Since isolated C1q was also capable of directly binding to the surface of adults and infective larvae, it is postulated that their cuticle and/or epicuticle may possess surface structures which serve as binding sites for C1q.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed2002

One confirmed and six suspected cases of cutaneous larva migrans caused by overseas infection with dog hookworm larvae.

Cutaneous larva migrans (CLM) is characterized as creeping eruption/serpiginous erythema and/or mobile erythematous induration on the skin. In Japan, Gnathostoma spp. are the most well known pathogens causing CLM, especially the creeping eruption type. Recently, Spirurina type X larvae have been added to the list of causative agents for creeping eruption in Japan. Here we report one confirmed and 6 suspected cases of creeping eruption caused by infection with dog hookworm larvae. The patients were assumed to have been infected overseas. Dog hookworms such as Ancylostoma caninum and A. brasiliense should be considered as possible causative agents for creeping eruption, especially when the patients have a history of travelling overseas.

Albendazole↗
PubMed1970

Development of third-stage Physaloptera larvae from Crotalus viridis rafinesque, 1818 in cats with notes on pathology of the larvae in the reptile. (Nematoda, Spiruroidea).

The prairie rattlesnake, Crotalus viridis, was found to be commonly infected with third-stage Physaloptera larvae. A total of 112 larvae were fed to 3 laboratory raised cats. Adult worms recovered 42 and 59 days postinfection were identified as P. rara. Observations were made on the pathology of the larvae in the snake.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Effect of ecological treatment by Musca domestica larvae to pig manure on the oviposition and larvae hatching rate].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the change of housefly (Musca domestica) breeding in the pig manure treated ecologically with its larvae. METHODS: The number of eggs and the hatching rate of larvae in the treated manure were compared with that in the untreated manure. RESULTS: The number of eggs laid in the treated manure accounted for only 17.7% of the total eggs, while those in the untreated manure accounted for 82.3%. The hatching rate in the treated manure was 41.4 %, but 85.1% in the untreated manure. CONCLUSION: There is a significant reduction of eggs laid and of their hatching rate in the pig manure treated ecologically by housefly larvae.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Methods of infesting sheep with gastro-intestinal nematodes after cryopreservation: dosing of larvae in gelatin capsules compared to dosing of larvae in water suspension.

Cryopreservation of the infective larvae (L3) of nematodes is being used increasingly for the routine maintenance of pure strains of nematodes in the laboratory. Gelatin capsules are frequently used to administer the L3 of nematodes to sheep, but with some nematode species this method usually does not give good results with cryopreserved larvae. The development in sheep of cryopreserved L3 of Trichostrongylus spp. and other ovine nematodes was compared when the larvae were administered either in a suspension or in gelatin capsules with or without the use of CuSO4 to stimulate the oesophageal groove reflex. Significantly larger numbers of cryopreserved L3 developed when dosed per os in suspension than when the L3 were dosed in gelatin capsules. Stimulation of the oesophageal groove did not appear to affect the numbers of worms that developed from L3 dosed in suspension. It is speculated that L3 in suspension bypass the rumen to go directly into the abomasum, while those in gelatin capsules enter the rumen, thus closely approximating the natural infestation of grazing ruminants. In these trials, however, only cryopreserved L3 were used. Sufficient numbers of cryopreserved L3 of Trichostrongylus falculatus and T. colubriformis in suspension developed, so that it seems unlikely that laparotomy will be required for routine infestations in the laboratory.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The effects of time and temperature of storage on the infectivity of third-stage larvae of Heligmosomoides polygyrus (= Nematospiroides dubius). 2. Studies on the fecundity of female worms as a function of the infectivity of the third-stage larvae.

In this study we examined the effect of infectivity of third-stage larvae on the fecundity of H. polygyrus female worms. Groups of 10 mice were infected with third-stage larvae which had been stored for different lengths of time at 22 degrees C. Results showed that the number of eggs laid by one female worm increased when the worm burden was smaller and decreased with a greater worm burden. Also, the egg-output of female worms growing in a similar population varied according to the level of infectivity of the larvae, with a low infectivity resulting in greater fecundity and vice versa. These results may explain the variations in egg-output which are recorded at different times of the year from the parasites of grazing animals. If this phenomenon is confirmed in other species of parasites, it will be important for epidemiological studies.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

In vitro and in vivo susceptibility of the honeybee bacterial pathogen Paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae to the antibiotic tylosin.

The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of tylosin were determined to 67 strains of Paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae, the causal agent of American Foulbrood (AFB) disease, from different geographical origins. MIC values obtained ranged from 0.0078 to 0.5 microg/ml. These very low values imply that no resistance to tylosin was found in any isolate of the Foulbrood pathogen. The measurement of diseased larvae with AFB-clinical symptoms in three different field studies demonstrated that tylosin treatment could be effective in vivo. No negative effects in colonies were noted at any dosage rates or forms of application. These studies demonstrate that tylosin, as tartrate, can be used to treat AFB in honeybee colonies.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Visceral larva migrans: examinations by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of human sera for antibodies to excretory-secretory antigens of the second-stage larvae of Toxocara canis.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is described for the detection of serum antibodies to visceral larva migrans (Toxocariasis). Excretory-secretory antigens of the second-stage larvae of Toxocara canis were used as antigen to coat the polystyrene plates. With sera from patients high antibody titers were observed in both ocular and visceral disorders. Cross-reactions due to other parasitic infections could be excluded, including other migrating larval infections such as ascariasis, trichinellosis, strongyloidiasis, filariasis, and anisakiasis. In a small seroepidemiologic survey of healthy primary schoolchildren, a remarkably high percentage (7.1) reacted positively to this method. These children showed eosinophilia as compared to the seronegative group. The data were compared with those observed in other countries and the results prompt reconsideration of the significance of T. canis for public health.

Ascariasis↗
PubMed1983

Ancylostoma larva in a muscle fiber of man following cutaneous larva migrans.

This is a report of a case of massive cutaneous larva migrans in a 20-year-old man who also had pulmonary symptoms and larval invasion of the skeletal muscles. In sections of a muscle biopsy specimen taken 3 months after the initial cutaneous lesions, a third-stage Ancylostoma larva, probably A. caninum, was found within a muscle fiber.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Larva migrans "saxoniae": larva migrans infection in Saxony].

A 38 year old woman from Dresden presented in September 2002, about four weeks after the Elbe River flooding with signs of cutaneous larva migrans on the back of her hand. There was no history of travel to tropical or subtropical regions in the last few years. Cryotherapy as well as systemic ivermectin (Stromectol) therapy were not successful in stopping progress of the lesions. Combination therapy with systemic ivermectin and topical tiabendazole (Lombristop) induced full remission. Cutaneous larva migrans normally occurs in German patients only after recent visits to tropical or subtropical regions. In our patient, however, it was most likely due to the unusual climatic conditions in the summer of 2002 in the Elbe region: Heavy rainfalls and inundation by regional rivers soaked the ground, followed by a period of unusually hot and sunny weather.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Larva-specific antibodies in patients with visceral larva migrans.

Seven of 10 patients with visceral larva migrans (VLM) had serum precipitating antibodies specific for larval antigens of Toxocara canis as determined by double diffusion in agar. Such antibodies were absent in 114 normal adults and 25 patients with collagen disease. Precipitation of ascarid components by C-reactive protein resulted in false-positive reactions, but this precipitation was readily prevented by appropriate absorption of sera before testing. A more sensitive assay, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, revealed high titers of antibodies to larvae of Toxocara in all patients with VLM; the log2 titer ranged from 9 to 14. Five of eight household relatives of these patients and four children who had had VLM two to four years before testing had titers of 6-12. Of the 114 normal adults, 105 had titers of 0-2; nine had titers of 3-8. Of the 25 patients with collagen disease, 23 had titers of 0, and two had titers of 4 and 6, respectively. Additional studies of those patients indicated that infection with Toxocara can be distinguished serologically from ascariasis, filariasis, and trichinellosis.

Antibodies↗
PubMed2004

[Cutaneous larva migrans: reports of pediatric cases and contamination by Ancylostoma spp larvae in public parks in Taciba, São Paulo State].

Cutaneous larva migrans in children from Taciba, São Paulo, Brazil, was related to contact with sand in public squares, where Ancylostoma spp larvae were detected. The outbreaks were controlled by sanitary education, temporary deactivation and isolation of the squares in order to impede the access of animals and substitution of the sand.

Ancylostoma↗
PubMed2002

Cutaneous larva migrans with parts of the larva in the epidermis.

Creeping eruption is usually caused by hookworms, most commonly Ancylostoma braziliensis and Ancylostoma caninum. Because lesions of cutaneous larva migrans have a typical clinical appearance, they are rarely biopsied. Specimens usually show spongiotic dermatitis with spongiotic vesicles containing neutrophils and eosinophils and a mixed-cell dermal infiltrate with numerous eosinophils. We report a case with parts of the larva migrans in the epidermis on histologic examination.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Allergy to chironomid larvae (red migde larvae) in non professional handlers of fish food.

UNLABELLED: Chironomids are insects which inhabit wetlands. In countries such as Sudan, The United States. Egypt and Japan they are the cause of serious environmental allergy. In Europe, and particularly in Spain, allergy to Chironomids is infrequent and has only been described in patients who handle Chironomid larvae which form part of certain fish foods. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We report a case of hypersensitivity to the Chironomid Midge (Chironomus thummi thummi) in a 23-year-old patient who on two occasions, after being in contact with fishfood, suffered rash, rhinoconjunctivitis, dyspnea and dysphagia. A Prick test was carried out with the habitual pneumoallergens, Chironomid Midge extract (PBS: 1.3 mg/ml), Common Mosquito (Culex pipiens), Squid, Mussel, Prawn and Anisakis. Conjunctival provocation was also carried out with Chironomid Midge extract; detection of specific IgE for Chironomid Midge, Common Mosquito (Aedes comunis), Mussel, Squid, Shrimp, Anisakis, house dust and house mites by means of the CAP technique; detection of IgE by means of ELISA in response to Chironomid Midge, Aedes mosquito, Squid, Prawn, Mussel and Anisakis; ELISA-inhibition and Immunoblott-inhibition. RESULTS: The positive results of the cutaneous tests, the detection of specific IgE and conjunctival provocation confirmed the existence of an IgE-mediated mechanism. In our patient, the in vitro techniques demonstrated cross reactivity with the Common Mosquito. CONCLUSIONS: We report on a patient with a case history of rhinoconjunctivitis, rash, dyspnea, and dysphagia after handling fish food. The etiological agent was the Chironomid larvae. The sensitization of our patient has been demonstrated by means of in vivo and in vitro techniques.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Disinfection of wooden structures contaminated with Paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae spores.

AIMS: The aim of the study is to examine the disinfection of wood contaminated with Paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae spores, in order to find a practical decontamination method for hive materials. METHODS AND RESULTS: The number of viable spores recovered after the treatment, on the surface by swabbing, and in the deeper parts of the wood by scraping, was used to test the efficiency of the disinfection. Our results indicate that chemical disinfection is only complete when high concentrations (> 50%) of the disinfectant are used. Heat treatment in general was found to be very effective. The scorching of wood was not satisfactory as it only killed spores at the surface. CONCLUSION: Complete disinfection is only possible with some heat treatments or by using high concentrations of chemical disinfectants. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study puts forward some methods that can provide complete decontamination, which is necessary for an effective control of American foulbrood disease.

Animals↗
PubMed2007

Proposal to replace the illegitimate genus name Schineria Toth et al. 2001 with the genus name Ignatzschineria gen. nov. and to replace the illegitimate combination Schineria larvae Toth et al. 2001 with Ignatzschineria larvae comb. nov.

The prokaryotic, generic name Schineria Tóth et al. 2001 is illegitimate owing to the prior existence of the name Schineria for a genus within the Diptera [Principle 2, Rule 51b(4) of the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision)]. Therefore, a new genus name, Ignatzschineria gen. nov., is proposed for this taxon. As a result, a new combination is required for the type species, Ignatzschineria larvae comb. nov., to replace the illegitimate combination Schineria larvae Tóth et al. 2001.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

A comparison of the proteins found in developing wild type larvae and developing lethal mutant larvae of Drosophila melanogaster.

Extracts of late larval lethal mutants were compared with extracts of wild type larvae of the same developmental age on double diffusion plates using 16 different antisera. Nearly all of the mutant extracts showed relative antigen concentration differences compared with the wild type and four of the mutants lacked a protein at death found in the wild type of the same developmental age. In each case it was a different protein. The results are discussed by considering the different ways in which mutations can lead to the loss of a protein in developing systems.

Animals↗