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PubMed2005

[Development of an e-learning program about medication for new nurses].

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop an e-Learning program about medication for nurses to enhance nurses' medication performance ability and to analyze learners' responses after studying with this program. METHOD: For the development of the e-Learning program, the NBISD(Network Based Instructional Systems Design) model, suggested by Jung(1999) was applied as a basic model and the instruction design theory of Gagne & Briggs(1979) and ARCS theory of Keller(1983) were applied. After the operation of this program for one month to 34 new nurses, learners' responses were analyzed. RESULT: Learners' knowledge of medication was greatly improved after this program. In addition learners' satisfaction with the overall education program, help in field applicability, ease of screen shift and exploration, and tutor activities were high and the contents were regarded suitable for e-Learning. Many things were advantageous such as easy accessibility, easy understandability with pictures and flash animation, practical cases and feedback from a tutor. Provision of a supplementary handout and improvement of a tight time schedule were pointed out as things to be improved. CONCLUSION: This e-Learning program can be used effectively for medication education for registered nurses, student nurses, and new nurses.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[In Process Citation]

Since February 1997 the Departments of Dentistry and Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery of the University of Munster, Germany, can be visited on the Internet on more than 1400 HTML pages. These Web pages have been organized using an especially designed database which ensures standardized layout of the presented information and systematic navigation. A various amount of the Web pages are created fully automatically from a database (e.g. lectures, list of resources (URLs)); manually created pages are automatically adjusted concerning layout, integrated in the overall structure and given uniform navigation elements. Among other things, the database generates an interactive Web-site index (like a tree view), which facilitates search.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Middle management terminations: things HR probably won't tell you.

Being a manager or director, you may have received training for how to prepare your subordinates for layoffs or terminations. But, would you be prepared if the employee being terminated were you? Termination practice rules for a manager are very different from the rules required for a staff employee. There are many things you can do ahead of time to help you respond to being terminated: Keep copies of important information at home. If you are terminated, you may be asked to go home without going back to your office for an extended time. If you are given time to consider options, you will do that from your home. Keep a copy of an updated resume on file. If you do not have internet, email or fax capabilities at your home, get them. Many companies offer ongoing education as a benefit option. Take advantage of it. Ongoing education will keep as many doors open as possible as you look for another job. Keep copies of summary plan descriptions of your benefits, especially your retirement plan. To be prepared for change, you should know the "street value" of the benefits that you require. Make sure you have an attorney you can trust. Find out how many years of experience in employment law he or she has. Also, make sure your current attorney would not have a conflict of interest in handling your case against your company. There are no set laws for severance benefits, but your company may have a policy based on the years of service and the level of management. Upon receipt of a severance agreement, you should have it reviewed by your attorney. You will be given a time frame within which to sign or to respond to the proposal. The company will offer the least amount they feel you will accept, and it is appropriate to negotiate the severance agreement. Termination is not the time to make amends for hard feelings that may have been created in the workplace. The advice, "Always be a little nicer than you have to be," will bear fruit when you are looking for a new job. Your reputation will precede you. Remember that your job does not define who you are. You are defined by the endless decisions you have made, actions you have taken, the relationships you have built and the values you have portrayed. Your job description may change, but you will not. If you have done your job in a way that you can be proud of, then you have been successful. Change can be difficult, but change is always easier if you are prepared. Job changes are not always within your control, but preparing to accept the change is something that managers can control.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1998

More red ink in 1999; better things to come?

While hospitals, medical group practices and integrated health care delivery systems can expect tight profit margins in 1999, Donald E. L. Johnson writes that both Medicare and private sector payments may stabilize over the next 12 months to bring improved bottom lines.

Advertising↗
PubMed2003

Usage of the www.2aida.org AIDA diabetes software Website: a pilot study.

AIDA is a diabetes-computing program freely available from www.2aida.org on the Web. The software is intended to serve as an educational support tool, and can be used by anyone who has an interest in diabetes, whether they be patients, relatives, health-care professionals, or students. In previous "Diabetes Information Technology & WebWatch" columns various indicators of usage of the AIDA program have been reviewed, and various comments from users of the software have been documented. One aspect of AIDA, though, that has been of considerable interest has been to investigate its Web-based distribution as a wider paradigm for more general medically related usage of the Internet. In this respect we have been keen to understand in general terms: (1) why people are turning to the Web for health-care/diabetes information; (2) more specifically, what sort of people are making use of the AIDA software; and (3) what benefits they feel might accrue from using the program. To answer these types of questions we have been conducting a series of audits/surveys via the AIDA Website, and via the software program itself, to learn as much as possible about who the AIDA end users really are. The rationale for this work is that, in this way, it should be possible to improve the program as well as tailor future versions of the software to the interests and needs of its users. However, a recurring observation is that data collection is easiest if it is as unobtrusive and innocuous as possible. One aspect of learning as much as possible about diabetes Website visitors and users may be to apply techniques that do not necessitate any visitor or user interaction. There are various programs that can monitor what pages visitors are viewing at a site. As these programs do not require visitors to do anything special, over time some interesting insights into Website usage may be obtained. For the current study we have reviewed anonymous logstats data, which are automatically collected at many Websites, to try and establish a baseline level of usage for the AIDA site. For the initial pilot study the analysis was performed from October 1, 2000 to November 1, 2001. The study has yielded an interesting insight into how the AIDA Website is being used. The results also confirm those of previous audits based on different self-reported methodologies, confirming, amongst other things, what countries people are visiting from and what operating systems/computers they are using. These analyses have been informative and useful. Given this, it is proposed to repeat the current pilot survey approach on a routine basis, in the future, as a way of monitoring on-going usage of the AIDA Website.

Diabetes Mellitus↗
PubMed2006

The Navy-Marine Corps Combat Trauma Registry.

The U.S. military services, drawing on the experiences of civilian trauma systems in monitoring trauma care delivery, have begun to implement their own registries, emphasizing injury incidence and severity in a combat environment. This article introduces and describes the development of the U.S. Navy-Marine Corps Combat Trauma Registry and presents several preliminary inquiries of its database regarding combat injury patterns and casualty management during Operation Iraqi Freedom. The Navy-Marine Corps Combat Trauma Registry is composed of data sets describing events that occur from the point of injury through the medical chain of evacuation and on to long-term rehabilitative outcomes. Data were collected from Navy-Marine Corps level 1B, 2, and 3 medical treatment facilities. Data from the official combat period were analyzed to present a variety of preliminary findings that indicate, among other things, how many and for what type of injury casualties were evacuated, specific mechanisms of injury, and types of injuries treated at the medical treatment facilities.

Database Management Systems↗
PubMed2001

Making the most of on-line recruiting.

Ninety percent of large U.S. companies are already recruiting via the Internet. By simply logging on to the Web, company recruiters can locate vast numbers of qualified candidates for jobs at every level, screen them in minutes, and contact the most promising ones immediately. The payoffs can be enormous: it costs substantially less to hire someone on-line, and the time saved is equally great. In this article, Peter Cappelli examines some of the emerging service providers and technologies--matchmakers, job boards, hiring management systems software, and applicant-screening mechanisms that test skills and record interests. He also looks at some of the strategies companies are adopting as they enter on-line labor markets. Recruiting needs to be refashioned to resemble marketing, he stresses. Accordingly, smart companies are designing Web pages, and even product ads, with potential recruits in mind. They're giving line managers authority to hire so that candidates in cyberspace aren't lost. They're building internal on-line job networks to retain talent. Integrating recruiting efforts with overall marketing campaigns, especially through coordination and identification with the company's brand, is the most important thing companies can do to ensure success in on-line hiring. Along the way, Cappelli sounds two cautionary notes. First, a human touch, not electronic contact, is vital in the last steps of a successful hiring process. Second, companies must make sure that on-line testing and hiring criteria do not discriminate against women, disabled people, workers over 40, or members of minority groups. When competition for talent is fierce, companies that master the art and science of on-line recruiting will be the ones that attract and keep the best people.

Commerce↗
PubMedDate not supplied

What is a fair wage when provided by family or friend? (CE).

I can remember my father falling from a beam at work when I was a child. He was knocked unconscious and sustained a fractured femur and pelvis. A week later he was delivered home to us by ambulance with a full leg cast that went from ankle to hip. I also remember he was no longer the sweet gentleman I had once known. He seemed much more irritable, slept a lot, and would say or do things that my brother and I thought were strange. It wasn't until years later, when I became a nurse, that I realized he had sustained a head injury that had never been addressed.

Accreditation↗
PubMed1998

Comprehensive, comprehensible, distributed and intelligent databases: current status.

MOTIVATION: It is only a matter of time until a user will see not many but one integrated database of information for molecular biology. Is this true? Is it a good thing? Why will it happen? Where are we now? What developments are fostering and what developments are impeding progress towards this end? SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: A list of WWW resources devoted to database issues in molecular biology is available at http://www.mips.biochem.mpg.de CONTACT: frishman@mips.biochem.mpg.de

Computational Biology↗
PubMed1999

High-tech's low-key brothers.

Their personal demeanor is decidedly modest, their corporate culture nurturing and family-oriented. But don't let that charming Midwestern manner fool you: as many health care organizations know, Bill and Richard Lawson are major players in the world of ERP software, and they are poised for even bigger things. Next year they intend to take Minneapolis-based Lawson Software public, a move they hope will give them the capital and clout to go head to head with the giants of the industry and eventually become one of the top two or three players in the world.

Decision Support Systems, Management↗
PubMed2000

Parental refusal to immunize a 2-month-old infant.

At a 2-month health supervision visit, Monica's pediatrician was surprised by her mother's wish to withhold immunizations. At prior encounters with her parents, including a prenatal visit, the meeting after Monica's birth, and the 2-week health supervision visit, there was no indication that standard immunizations would be refused. Monica's parents informed her pediatrician that the potential side effects from the immunization led them to think that their healthy child should not be immunized. After talking with other parents in the neighborhood, watching a television program on "children who were brain damaged after getting their shots," and looking at several web sites for parents on the Internet, they concluded that it was safer to withhold the immunizations. "Monica is so healthy.....why give her shots that may make her very sick?" Monica was the first child born to these college-educated parents who had been married for 5 years. The pregnancy was full term and notable for two transient episodes of spotting in the first trimester. Both parents looked forward to Monica's birth. There were no perinatal problems, breast feeding was successful with an appropriate weight gain, and the physical examination was normal. The pediatrician explained to the parents that she understood their concerns. "Most of the things we give children for prevention or treatment of disease may be associated with possible side effects. In the case of immunizations, the chance of a serious side effect is much less than the risk that Monica might acquire one of the diseases we can prevent with an immunization. I have seen a few unimmunized infants who were hospitalized with a very serious case of whooping cough, one of the diseases we can prevent by immunizing Monica." The parents thanked the pediatrician for the information and agreed to read several pamphlets about immunizations. The pediatrician observed that her interchange with the parents was cordial but stressful, for both herself and Monica's parents. As the parents left the office, she wondered if there was a more effective way to talk about immunizations with parents who refuse to immunize their children.

Communicable Disease Control↗
PubMed2003

DRG Watchdog highlights new financial dimensions of laboratory diagnostics.

As nebulous as the details of the German diagnosis-oriented case reimbursement rate (G-DRGs) might be, one thing is obvious: rapid and accurate diagnostics will be vital in future to the reimbursement of standard cases that reflect the actual outlay. The laboratory that up to now has always been categorized as a potential for savings, now becomes a source of revenue for hospitals. A study initiated by the VDGH provides evidence for this (Clinical Laboratory 2002, 48, 327).

Clinical Laboratory Techniques↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Getting the attention you need.

Employees have an enormous amount of business information at their fingertips--more specifically, at their desktops. The floodgates are open; profitable possibilities abound. But having to handle all that information has pushed downsized staffs to the brink of an acute attention deficit disorder. To achieve corporate goals, business leaders need their employees' full attention--and that attention is in short supply. Authors Thomas Davenport and John Beck have studied how companies manage the attention of their employees and their site visitors. In this article, they analyze the components of attention management through three lenses--economic, psychobiological, and technological--and offer guidelines for keeping employees focused on crucial corporate tasks. Their lessons are drawn from the best practices employed by today's stickiest Web sites and by traditional attention industries such as advertising, film, and television. The authors say executives must manage attention knowing that it's a zero-sum game (there's only so much to go around). Managers should also consider capitalizing on the basic survival and competitive instincts we all have that help determine how much attention we pay to certain things. For instance, the threat of corporate demise--and the consequent loss of jobs and livelihoods--undoubtedly focuses workers' attention on the need to change. Likewise, internal competition among business units may give employees added incentive to pay attention to a profit or sales goal. Leaders today need to pay more attention to attention because it's widely misunderstood and widely mismanaged, the authors conclude.

Attention↗
PubMed2001

Decision technology.

This review is about decision technology-the rules and tools that help us make wiser decisions. First, we review the three rules that are at the heart of most traditional decision technology-multi-attribute utility, Bayes' theorem, and subjective expected utility maximization. Since the inception of decision research, these rules have prescribed how we should infer values and probabilities and how we should combine them to make better decisions. We suggest how to make best use of all three rules in a comprehensive 19-step model. The remainder of the review explores recently developed tools of decision technology. It examines the characteristics and problems of decision-facilitating sites on the World Wide Web. Such sites now provide anyone who can use a personal computer with access to very sophisticated decision-aiding tools structured mainly to facilitate consumer decision making. It seems likely that the Web will be the mode by means of which decision tools will be distributed to lay users. But methods for doing such apparently simple things as winnowing 3000 options down to a more reasonable number, like 10, contain traps for unwary decision technologists. The review briefly examines Bayes nets and influence diagrams-judgment and decision-making tools that are available as computer programs. It very briefly summarizes the state of the art of eliciting probabilities from experts. It concludes that decision tools will be as important in the 21st century as spreadsheets were in the 20th.

Decision Making↗
PubMed2006

[Medical informatics education at medical schools in Bosnia and Herzegovina].

AIM: Standardization of education process and almost every aspect of life in EU moved the authors of this paper to evaluate medical informatics education at medical schools in Bosnia and Herzegovina. A very complex political structure and existence of two entities, one district and ten cantons in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina caused great differences in the curricula, teaching methods and quality of acquired knowledge among medical schools in the country. Also, on the example of the teaching process at the Medical School, University of Sarajevo, the authors propose a future united and integrated system in the area. METHOD: Method of the study is descriptive, comparing education in medical informatics at five B&H medical schools. Over 500 students answered questionnaires designed at medical schools in Sarajevo and Tuzla. The questions tackled the contents of the subject of medical informatics, the possibility of acquiring knowledge from both practical and theoretic lessons, "good" and "bad" sides of the curricula as well as students' computer literacy. RESULTS: The subject of medical informatics is being taught in at least 3-4 different ways. Medical schools in Banja Luka and Foca/Srbinje are under a strong influence of the University of Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro; the teaching staff in Mostar are from Croatia; the University of Tuzla has its own way; and Medical School in Sarajevo maintains high quality values and principles. Things and events that distinguish the Medical School, University of Sarajevo is the fact that it is the only medical school in Bosnia and Herzegovina which has a web site of of the Department of Medical Informatics, organized a number of events including a distance learning course, and has a highly competent teaching staff. Medical School in Sarajevo is the oldest medical school in Bosnia and Herzegovina established in 1944. As a required subject, medical informatics was introduced in the academic year 1992/1993, and it is the only medical school in Bosnia and Herzegovina where medical informatics is taught in two semesters, second and eleventh. DISCUSSION: Three important areas are discussed: the quality of education in secondary schools should be improved; the lack of multimedia equipment, good LAN, high-speed connection to Internet and well organized web design, and issues related to maintenance of equipment; and students should have free access to computer rooms to enable them to extend their knowledge in spare time; general information about health system should be available to students to allow them to require the role and importance of medical informatics in "real life". Naturally, we raise the question of unique and systematic medical informatics education in the whole country, irrespective of entities, nationality or religion of students. CONCLUSION: Medical informatics education at Medical School, University of Sarajevo, is based on the same concept as on prestigious universities all over the world and in accordance with recommendations of the working groups on education of EFMI and IMIA. Other medical schools in Bosnia and Herzegovina should employ the same methodology and system of work in order to have standardized education in medical informatics and to achieve high quality in education. To enable us to follow the European and global achievements in this area, the power of fact should predominate in the education system as well as in the health system.

Bosnia and Herzegovina↗
PubMed2000

Five years' experience with the Telemedicine Information Exchange.

The Telemedicine Information Exchange (TIE) has provided comprehensive telemedicine information on the World Wide Web (Web) since early 1995. It received major funding from the National Library of Medicine in 1997. Among other things, the TIE contains six major databases: literature citations; active telemedicine programmes; a 'what's new in telemedicine' column; funding opportunities; forthcoming conferences; and a list of vendors of telemedicine equipment and services. Recent additions include a document delivery service, inaugurated in early 1999. More than 1000 other Web sites link to the TIE, and we have 5000 visitors per month from several countries. Given its relative longevity on the Web, TIE researchers have been in a unique position to observe trends in telemedicine.

Communication↗
PubMed2001

Wired & waiting.

Disease management was supposed to be the next big thing in health care, thanks largely to the breathtaking pace of advances in technology. But so far reports of a disease management revolution have been premature. While technology vendors promise that their devices can save millions and keep patients healthier longer, providers have been reluctant to make the large investments necessary until they have proof of a payoff. Formal studies and reliable statistics to provide such proof are sorely lacking, although anecdotal evidence appears to signal high hopes for the future.

Chronic Disease↗