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PubMedDate not supplied

Immunological profile of patients with non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis.

The aetiopathogenesis of non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis (NCPF), a common cause of portal hypertension in India, is not known. To study the immune status of NCPF patients and to see whether immunological mechanisms have a role to play, humoral and cell-mediated immunological studies were carried out in 43 patients with NCPF and compared with equal number of matched healthy controls and 31 patients with compensated liver cirrhosis. Serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) and complement (C3, C4) levels were significantly (P less than 0.001) lower in NCPF patients compared with controls and cirrhotics. There was no significant difference between the total or the relative concentration of the immunoglobulins and complements between NCPF patients and healthy controls, but, in patients with cirrhosis, concentration of all the immunoglobulins was higher. The cutaneous response to dinitrochlorobenzene was poorer in patients with NCPF, but the difference between cirrhotics and controls was not significant. A decrease in the suppressor/cytotoxic (T8) phenotype of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and an increase in the ratio of helper/inducer (T4) and T8 lymphocytes was seen in patients with NCPF and cirrhosis. Although these results indicate definite immunological abnormalities in NCPF patients, their role in the pathogenesis of NCPF remains to be investigated.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

The haematological, biochemical and immunological profile of athletes suffering from the overtraining syndrome.

To help clarify the overtraining syndrome (OTS), a combination of parameters were measured in ten athletes who were suffering from OTS. Blood samples were obtained at rest and a range of haematological, biochemical and immunological tests were carried out on the samples. For each parameter, the mean value for the group was compared to an established normal range amongst age-matched controls. The subjects were also asked to complete a questionnaire to establish the severity of their condition. The data indicated that the debilitating fatigue experienced by the OTS sufferers was not related to any of the blood parameters traditionally associated with chronic exercise stress, since levels were normal in OTS. The only parameter measured which deviated significantly from the normal range for both the sedentary controls and the athletes was the plasma concentration of glutamine. Although the data in this study would suggest that plasma glutamine concentrations represented an objective, measurable difference between OTS subjects and normal controls, it remains to be shown that there is any correlation between glutamine concentrations and other clinical symptoms of OTS such as physical capability.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Immunologic profile of a patient with lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis].

Sporotrichosis is characterized by a wide range of clinical manifestations from mild fixed cutaneous forms to systemic dissemination of the disease, despite an apparent regular pattern of virulence of the etiological agent, S. schenckii. These facts suggest that immunological mechanisms of the host could play an important role on the pathogenesis of the mycosis. On this basis, an immunologic survey was carried out in patients with lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis. Cell-mediated immunity was evaluated by means of lymphocyte transformation stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin and the response to several intradermal reaction antigens. Lymphocyte blastic transformation was normal as compared with a control group. All patients were positive at least against one of the antigens tested. These results indicate that this group of patients did not show any cell-mediated immunity deficiency. Serum immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgA), and C3 measured to evaluate humoral immunity, were also within normality. Since many cases of sporotrichosis cure with the administration of potassium iodine, whose mechanisms of therapeutic activity are unknown, a possible impairment in the management of iodine was investigated, with the premise that iodine enhances the host defenses rather than acting against the fungus. Thyroid function tests performed in all patients to support this hypothesis, gave normal results. These data permit to conclude that susceptibility to sporotrichosis in the affected patients does not depend on gross abnormal humoral and/or cell-mediated immunity, and their response to potassium iodine is not related to deficient thyroid function.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Different immunologic profiles characterize HIV infection in highly active antiretroviral therapy-treated and antiretroviral-naïve patients with undetectable viraemia. The Master Group.

BACKGROUND: Suppression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication can be obtained in chronically infected individuals by highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and can also be observed in antiretroviral-naïve patients. The immunological correlates of these two situations were examined. DESIGN AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study involving 32 HIV-infected patients with undetectable HIV plasma viraemia (< 500 copies/ml) and either antiretroviral-naive (n = 14) or undergoing HAART therapy with two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) plus one (n = 13) or two (n = 5) protease inhibitors (PI). CD4 counts, disease duration, and CDC clinical stage were comparable between the two groups of individuals. Immune parameters (antigen- and mitogen-stimulated proliferation and cytokine production; cytokine mRNA; beta chemokine production; HIV coreceptors mRNA) were analysed in all patients. RESULTS: Results showed immune profiles to be profoundly different in antiretroviral-naive in comparison with HAART-treated patients. Thus: (1) T-cell proliferation to HIV-specific and HIV-unrelated antigens is potent in antiretroviral-naive but suppressed in HAART-treated individuals; (2) interleukin-(IL)2, IL-12 and interferon gamma (IFNgamma) production is robust in naive patients; and (3) a high CCR5/low CXCR4 pattern of HIV coreceptors-specific mRNA is observed in naive but not in HAART-treated patients. In contrast with these observations, no clear differences were detected when beta chemokine production by either peripheral blood mononuclear cells or purified CD8+ T-cells was analysed. Results from HAART-treated patients undergoing therapy with one PI and two NRTI or two PI and two NRTI were in very close agreement. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that control over HIV replication can be independently achieved by pharmacological or immunologic means. HAART is associated with weaker HIV-specific and -non-specific immune responses.

CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The influence of perioperative transfusions on the immunological profile of patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma.

Seventy patients with Duke's C adenocarcinoma scheduled to undergo operation were divided into two groups, those who received no perioperative transfusion (Group I, 26 patients) and those who received an average of 2.1 units per person of packed red blood cells perioperatively (Group II, 44 patients). Immunological parameters were tested before and one and five weeks after the operation in order to determine the influence of the transfusion on these parameters as well as that of the site of the tumor, whether right colon, left colon or rectum. Comparison of the mean values obtained before operation with those obtained one week post-operatively revealed a significant change in the number of B cells (p = 0.014), with a decrease in Group I and a rise in Group II, which was seen to persist for the mean values obtained five weeks after operation. The higher rates of recurrency and lower rates of survival reported in patients who received transfusion may be related to an as yet unidentified role of B cells or a subpopulation in the immune system, manifested in the suppression of activity of those components responsible for destroying micrometastases. In relation to the site of the tumor no definite conclusions can yet be drawn as to the prognostic importance of our findings concerning the immunological parameters.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1998

Immunological profile of endemic and epidemic Kaposi's sarcoma patients in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania.

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) presents in four clinicopathological types namely classical/sporadic (CKS), endemic African (EKS), iatrogenic (IKS) and that associated with AIDS (AKS). Recently a putative herpes virus (HHV-8) was described and shown to be present in all four types of KS. The immunological status of patients with EKS has been conflicting. In this study total leucocyte counts, total lymphocyte counts and lymphocyte subsets of patients with EKS and AKS were determined by flow cytometry and compared to those of healthy HIV-1 seronegative controls. Results show that 50% of EKS lesions were of nodular type. Patients with EKS had significantly lower levels of CD4+ T- lymphocytes and CD4:CD8 ratio but significantly higher CD8+ T-lymphocytes compared to controls. Patients with AKS had significantly lower levels of CD4+ T-lymphocytes and also CD4:CD8 ratios but significantly higher percentage of CD8+ T-lymphocytes when compared with EKS patients. These findings indicate that in both forms of KS there is a certain degree of immunological disturbance which is more conspicuous in AKS because of HIV infection and suggests that HIV-1 acts synergistically with the aetiological agent (HHV-8) to cause a more aggressive type of KS.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed2002

A subset of breast invasive ductal carcinoma with distinctive cytomorphology, aggressive clinical behavior, and unique immunologic profiles.

BACKGROUND: Invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast is a heterogeneous collection of divergent types of carcinomas. Some subtypes have been characterized by histologic observations. This study describes a distinctive subset recognized through cytomorphologic examination of breast carcinoma specimens obtained by fine-needle aspiration biopsies (FNAB). Identification of this subset is established further by analyses of its clinical and immunologic characteristics. METHODS: One hundred patients underwent FNAB and were diagnosed with breast ductal carcinoma. These diagnoses were followed by surgical resections and histologic evaluation of tumors. Immunohistochemical analyses of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, Her2/neu, p53 protein, and Ki-67 were performed. Patient's age, race, and family history of breast carcinoma were obtained. The objective of the study is to identify a cytomorphologically distinctive, clinically relevant, subset of breast carcinomas. RESULTS: A subset carcinoma was recognized by cytomorphologic examination of Pap-stained FNAB slides. This subset consisted of seven patients with a median age of 37 years. At the time of surgical resection, all patients had axillary lymph node metastases. Six of seven patients had distant metastases. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that all tumors are positive for p53 protein and negative for estrogen and progesterone receptors. CONCLUSION: This study presented a unique subset of breast ductal carcinomas that involved young patients and had aggressive growth behavior. These tumors expressed p53 protein but not estrogen and progesterone receptors.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Clinical and immunological profile of newly diagnosed non-obese adult patients with diabetes].

It is well known that classification of diabetes in the group of patients aged 25-55 years, particularly not obese, is a difficult clinical problem. The aim of the study was to estimate clinical status of the investigated group and evaluate biochemical features based on positive titers of humoral immunological markers in the development of diabetes mellitus. We studied 31 non obese, newly diagnosed patients (mean BMI < 26 kg/m2), mean age--41.6 +/- 11.1 years, mean duration of diabetes mellitus was 11.4 +/- 21.8 months. Nearly 50% of the patients aged 25-55 years showed presence of humoral immunological markers, which suggests high prevalence of autoimmunological diabetes. These patients have a lower reserve of endogen insulin secretion. The evaluation at both B-cell secretory capacity and markers of autoimmunity is recommended to provide a proper classification.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Long-term monitoring of immunological profile in children with immunodeficiency disorders.

1. The fulfillment of research project allowed us to make deeper scope of literature sources with the children IDS topic. The proper experience with children IDS management has been acquired in the specialized service for immunodeficient children at Pediatric Clinic of Teaching Hospital in Hradec Králové. 2. IDS screening and diagnostic in children were studied with participation of immunologic laboratories, and the development of available immunologic indices in IDS children has been monitored at long-term. Problems mentioned were the content of partial research project VII-6-6/19 for 1976-1980, VII-6-6/9 for 1980-1985, VIII-6-5/11 starting from 1986 and resolved till now by Pediatric Clinic of Teaching Hospital in Hradec Králové. The immunodeficient conditions were studied minutely at long-term and with complex relations. 3. Authors were involved in management of life threatening infectious complications and performed both control and moderation of diseases manifested as such. Applied management approaches were then evaluated from the scope of actual therapy. Our pathophysiologic IDS concept is more extended. The individual IDS represents a complex real situation developing in time. Therefore, the long-term monitoring is of benefit in detecting certain developmental IDS tendencies such as, e. g., occurrence of autoimmune diseases and malignancies in children with IDS. 4. We stated that thymectomy in infants: --was of no expressed disturbing influence on health of two children at least for 12 years of long-term monitoring; --manifested the transient decrease of circulating T-lymphocyte percentage which was detected in one child 2 years after TE, in other up 10 years after TE, respectively. However, both of them showed a constant decreasing tendency; --is responsible of changes in subpopulations of T-lymphocytes; --changes of laboratory tests provided after TE 12 years till now show no clinical significance. 5. Selective IgA deficiency has been diagnosed in a total of 14 children, and the development of their immunologic indices was monitored at long-term. Several literature data were proved as well as enlarged and extended: --IgA deficiency is a constant defect; --this is a simultaneous deficiency of both serum and secretory IgA in a majority of cases; --selective IgA deficiency is most pronounced and complex immunity disorder involving not only humoral, but also cellular immunity; --in IgA deficiencies, mainly respiratory infections are predominant though having neither serious course nor complications; --immunoglobulins are not necessary in managing infections in IgA deficient cases for as much as an appropriate antiinfection therapy is of choice. Dispensary care is needed similarly to other IDS conditions due to recurrent infections and risk of autoimmune diseases and tumors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Immunological profile of animals exposed to pesticide--deltamethrin.

The effect of deltamethrin (10- or 30-day exposure) on selected parameters of humoral and cellular immune response in mice was studied. In parallel also hematologic and histologic examinations were performed. It was found that deltamethrin exerts negligible immunotropic effect. The prevailing was suppressive effect, and in some cases also stimulatory effect (PFC, GvH, Il-1, exogenous CFU-s). This negligible activity on the immunological system may be attributed to low toxicity of deltamehtrin in relation to the cells of immunological system or to too short exposure of the animals to its effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[The immunological profile of children with Down's syndrome].

In 1965 Benda demonstrated that bioptic and autoptic material of children with Down's syndrome showed hypoplasia of the thymus with poor histological differentiation between the cortex and medulla and impairment of Hassal's corpuscles which were also fewer than normal. In the seventies studies revealed the increased susceptibility to infections and higher incidence of leucosis in Down's syndrome patients as well as changes of immunologic defences (in particular cell mediated immunity). This study examines 35 children (16 boys and 19 girls) aged 6 months-20 years. Subjects were divided into a group of 18 cases in poor health with a history of recurrent infections and a group of 17 children in good health. Skin tests were performed by inoculating 0.1 ml of a solution formed by 1 ml physiological solution and 0.1 ml tetanus toxoid. Skin reaction was evaluated 48 hours later. Lymphocyte typing tests were performed with the rosette method and with monoclonal antibodies for T lymphocytes and with the determination of surface immunoglobulins for B lymphocytes. OKT4 (T helper), OKT8 (T suppressor) subsets assayed and the OKT4/OKT8 ratio was determined. Skin tests were negative in 3 cases (8.6%). The number of B lymphocytes was normal in all children. Total number of lymphocytes was decreased in 51.4% of cases. Two subjects had a reduction of OKT4 and 14 had an increased of OKT8 and 16 a significantly lower OKT4/OKT8 ratio. It is clear that skin tests were normal also in those children with low total lymphocyte values. The most closely related parameter to mobility was the OKT4/OKT8 ratio and the most distantly related on was the skin test. Only 3 cases had modifications of all 3 parameters together. Apart from the constant and complete immunological deficit described by many authors and which we cannot confirm the results of this study are in agreement with those of other authors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Clinico-immunological profile of hepatic and extrahepatic diseases accompanied by anti-mitochondrial antibodies].

In a 13 year retrospective study mitochondrial antibodies were found in 1.71 p. 100 of patients about 60 years old with a strong female predominance. The presence of these antibodies was associated with a significantly increased level of the three classes of immunoglobulin and a marked cholestatic syndrome. In 76.9 p. 100 of cases the antibodies were associated with hepatic disease, mainly of immunological origin (67.7 p. 100). Primary biliary cirrhosis was the most frequent with significantly increased levels of mitochondrial antibodies, immunoglobin M, alkaline phosphatase and cholesterol. However, there was no correlation between the antibody levels and the clinical, biological and histological stages, thus ruling out any prognostic significance. The use of human cultured cells in the antibody detection assay increased the positivity of antinuclear antibodies compared with assays using classical rat liver substrates. Six sera were positive for anticentromere antibodies: 5/6 showed signs of the CRST syndrome with a primary biliary cirrhosis in 3/5 cases. The frequency of the association of primary biliary cirrhosis and other autoimmune diseases supports the results of previous reports as well as the finding of an association between mitochondrial antibodies and other auto-antibodies. In 3 cases primary biliary cirrhosis was associated with a chronic pancreatitis, suggesting a pluriglandular sicca syndrome, and in 3 other cases with a monoclonal IgA gammopathy. Mitochondrial antibodies are associated with other auto-immune non-hepatic diseases in 15.4 p. 100 of cases. The presence of increased levels of mitochondrial antibodies without any other auto-antibody associated with a chronic non-surgical cholestasis and an increased level of immunoglobulin M is still strongly suggestive of primary biliary cirrhosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type II-associated myelopathy: clinical and immunologic profiles.

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type II (HTLV-II) is endemic in several ethnic tribes and among intravenous drug users in metropolitan areas. Despite the presence of HTLV-II in these various populations, the association of HTLV-II with disease is sparse and mainly limited to isolated case reports. This study is an extension of an earlier description of an HTLV-II-infected patient with neurologic disease and presents the clinical and immunologic findings of 4 patients with HTLV-II seropositivity and spastic paraparesis. The patients are of African-American origin with 3 of the patients being of Amerindian descent. All of the patients are seronegative for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The patients progressed to a nonambulatory state in less than 5 years. Magnetic resonance imaging studies obtained from 3 of the patients demonstrated white matter disease in the cerebrum and spinal cord. The cerebrospinal fluid and serum contained antibodies to HTLV-II. The presence of proviral HTLV-II was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). A spinal cord biopsy from 1 patient demonstrated HTLV RNA within a lesion. Immunologic studies on 2 patients demonstrated that spontaneous lymphoproliferation of PBLs was present but decreased relative to HTLV-I-infected patients. The clinical and immunologic findings from these HTLV-II-infected patient resemble those found in HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Terminal transferase immunofluorescence, enzyme markers and immunological profile of human leukemia-lymphoma cell lines representing different levels of differentiation.

We have examined alterations in terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) immunofluorescence (IF) in MOLT-4 cells during changes in growth conditions. Subsequently, we used cells from 48 human hematopoietic cell lines of different cell lineages and maturation stages to compare the IF and biochemical assays for expression of TdT. In addition, we have attempted to correlate the expression of TdT, adenosine deaminase (ADA), thymidine phosphorylase (TP) and immunological markers with maturation stages in these different cell lines. The results indicate that TdT positive cells remain TdT positive when assayed by either the biochemical or IF tests during growth or early plateau phase, but that cells under poor growth conditions, such as in old cultures, may give a negative TdT IF reaction. Otherwise, biochemical and IF assays for TdT gave comparable results in the 48 cell lines tested, testifying to the reliability of the IF test. Based on the comparisons of the various cell lines studied, it appears that both ADA and TdT decrease progressively as maturation of T cells from Blast I to Blast IV to mature T cells increases. TP was deficient in all T-cell lines compared to normal peripheral blood T cells, which in turn had lower activity compared to normal peripheral blood B cells. Pre-B cells, although indistinguishable from each other by immunological markers and all having low TP and ADA activity, showed heterogeneity, with TdT activity high in some and low in others. All non-T, non-B lines had high TdT activity, but low ADA and TP activity. B- and myelocytic cell lines had low ADA and TdT activity, and showed an increase in TP activity as the maturation of cells increased. These results indicate that the TdT IF test is a reliable procedure for detecting TdT positive cells, and that TdT, ADA and TP could be useful markers for studying the differentiation of human hematopoietic cells.

Cell Differentiation↗
PubMed1990

[Treatment with autovaccines and the immunologic profile of patients].

In a group of 33 patients with chronic inflammations of the upper airways and deglutition pathways the effect of treatment with autovaccines in the form of nasal drops was investigated. In 77.7% a therapeutic success was recorded still after an interval of 1-3 years following termination of treatment. In the entire group parameters of humoral and cellular immunity were tested. In none of the patients severe forms of immunodeficiency were found. In 16 patients an immunological check-up was made after termination of autovaccine treatment. Although differences were revealed in the immunological picture, none of them attained the level of statistical significance. The action of autovaccines could be explained by the non-specific action of bacterins. Common immunological examinations methods are so far unable to define all cooperative relations between different immunocompetent cells and systems.

Adult↗