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PubMedDate not supplied

[Search for antibodies against Trichinella spiralis in free roaming rodents caught in a zoological park from Mexico City].

A serological survey to search for antibodies against T. spiralis was performed in free roaming rats (n = 64) and mice (n = 35) caught in a zoological park from Mexico City. Serum samples were analyzed by ELISA and immunoelectrotransfer blot assay (EIBT). None serum show positive absorbance values in ELISA nor recognized T. spiralis specific antigenic fractions in EIBT. However, two rat samples recognized three antigens of 31, 37 y 55 kDa, while one of them reacted with two additional antigens of 64 and 67 kDa. As it is known that the antigen epitope profiles varied among Trichinella species, it could be possible that in rats, there is 3% of antibody prevalence against Trichinella sp.; however, due that other organisms could induce the production of cross-reacting antibodies, such conclusion can not be supported at all. These results suggest that T. spiralis was not part of helminthological fauna in these rodents.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Reports of parasitic diseases and entomological cases in the Department of Medical Zoology, Jichi Medical School: accumulated cases from five years.

We summarized the consultation cases of parasitic diseases and entomological cases presented at the Department of Medical Zoology, Jichi Medical School. Among 173 consultations from January 1996 to December 2000, 64 cases were parasitologically or entomologically positive. We primarily diagnosed the cases morphologically and intermittently used sero-diagnosis methods. Ascariasis and diphyllobothriasis due to foods comprised the major consultation cases. Cases of malaria, second in frequency, were all imported from tropical countries. Some rare but important cases, including entomological cases, are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

[The stability of progesterone in feces of different wild animal species kept in a zoological garden].

Methodical investigations were carried out to monitor especially in what respect external factors (dry mass of faeces, time point of freezing, duration of storage of the frozen samples, multiple defrosting of the samples) influence the progesterone concentration of the faeces of several wild animal species (Baringo giraffe, Black rhinoceros, Dama gazelle, Mountain goat) living in a zoological garden. With reference to one animal species the dry mass of the faeces showed only small variations. Therefore, it is possible to estimate comparable progesterone levels in several faecal samples of the same animal species without drying the samples. In all cases the progesterone concentration was increased after 24 and 48 hour storage of the faecal samples at room temperature compared with samples frozen directly (significant differences for giraffes and rhinoceroses). Samples of rhinoceroses and gazelles showed no significant changes of their progesterone concentration after a long time of storage (one and three months) in the freezing state (-20 degrees C). On the other hand, in faeces of giraffes with high progesterone levels a significant decrease of the initial level was pointed out. In comparison of single and multiple defrosting of the faecal samples, the latter caused a decrease of the progesterone concentration of the faeces of all animal species investigated (significant differences for rhinoceroses and gazelles).

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Laparoscopy in zoological medicine.

The technique of laparoscopy was adapted and utilized in zoological medicine for various mammals, birds, and reptiles for reproductive and diagnostic studies as well as clinically related research. It was concluded that since anesthesia was routinely required for most manipulative procedures in zoo animals, and since laparoscopy adds little additional risk, the use of this technique provides an additional diagnostic aid when indicated. Laparoscopy was found to be effective for evaluating reproductive status, particularly ovarian anatomy and function, direct visual biopsy of internal organs, sex determination in selected birds, and as a surgical means of fertility control.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

An epornitic of duck viral enteritis in a zoological park.

An epornitic of duck viral enteritis occurred at the National Zoological Park in the spring of 1975. The disease affected 8 different species of ducks; geese and swan were spared. Diagnosis was based on characteristic pathologic changes, with herpetic inclusion bodies in the epithelium of the digestive tract and liver, and by viral isolation from 4 ducks. An experimental attenuated live-virus vaccine and sanitizing procedures were used to control the epornitic.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in Cebus spp in the Santa Fe Zoological Park of Medellín, Colombia.

The prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies was studied in 47 nonhuman primates of the Cebus species in the Santa Fe Zoological Park in Medellín, Colombia. Specific IgG titers (greater than 1/64) were detected in 40.9% of C. albifrons studied (n = 22), 13.3% of C. capucinus (n = 15), and 0% of C. apella (n = 10). Specific IgM was not detected in any of the animals studied.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The big vipers of Africa of the genus Bitis Gray, 1842 and their venom. Zoological, biochemical and clinical data].

After the suggestion of the genus Bitis Gray, 1842 snakes, we studied in details three species, among the largest and most widespread ones: Bitis arietans, Bitis gabonica and Bitis nasicornis. The main morphological characteristics and some of the zoological data presented may be very useful, as well as the clinical signs, for physicians to identify, the snake that bits a patient. Thus, an adapted treatment can be undertaken. The biochemical composition of the venoms and their experimental toxicity are also presented for a better understanding of the clinical symptoms.

Africa↗
PubMed1989

[The consequences of the third edition of the Zoological Code for Nomenclature for parasitology].

In 1985 the Third Edition of the International Rules of Zoological Nomenclature, now called "the Code", was published in London. The most important new regulations are commented and especially those underlined which are relevant for parasitology. Therefore examples from parasitology are cited when the ending of species names, the derivatio nominis, the transcription of the German umlaut, the ending of family names as well as collective group names are explained. Furthermore the author comments the citation of the author's name and date of publication of a species description, the principle of continuity (nomina oblita), the term hospito-subspecies as well as the term hapanotype which was newly introduced into nomenclature.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Terrestrial gastropod hosts of Parelaphostrongylus tenuis at the National Zoological Park's Conservation and Research Center, Virginia.

Terrestrial gastropods at the National Zoological Park's Conservation and Research Center (CRC) near Front Royal, Virginia, were surveyed from June 1985 to May 1986, to assess their role in transmission of the meningeal worm, Parelaphostrongylus tenuis. A total of 670 gastropods representing 9 families and 18 species was collected. The slug Deroceras laeve accounted for 50.4% of the specimens collected. Parelaphostrongylus tenuis infections were found in 15 gastropods (2.2% prevalence) representing 5 species; 5 of the infected gastropods were D. laeve. New host records for this nematode are Ventridens collisella and Philomycus carolinianus. Infected gastropods were recovered from June through October 1985 and in May 1986. All 6 sampling locations yielded infected gastropods, suggesting this parasite is widely distributed at the CRC, and is therefore likely to continue to pose a serious threat to exotic ungulates maintained there for conservation and research purposes.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1978

Animal salmonellosis in peninsular Malaysia. II. Annual and zoological distribution of Salmonella serotypes over the 10-year period 1966-1975.

A total of 860 Salmonella isolations were made in Peninsular Malaysia from 15 animal species (domestic and wild), eggs, molluscs, flies, and animal feed. The isolations were distributed among 31 serotypes in eight groups. The most common serotype isolated was Salmonella pullorum, followed by S. choleraesuis and S. infantis. S. typhimurium had the widest zoological distribution. The importance of controlling animal salmonellosis is emphasized.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Dipteran fauna of zoological preparation and veterinary postmortem rooms].

Zoological preparation rooms (P) and post-mortem rooms (S) constitute an environment for the spread of infection in areas of human habitation. In the absence of fly screens on the windows they are often invaded by Diptera which after landing on the frequently infested animal material leave again and become potential transmitters of disease in adjoining human living quarters. A large number of the 241 species of Diptera from 37 families identified in the P/S are regarded as potential transmitters. But suitability as transmitter is also potentially possible for an appreciable part of the remaining species. Field investigations over 20 years with various bait traps, e. g. fresh and decaying meat, excrements, human and animal food, have shown that many of these species observe sequences of substrate visitations similar to those Diptera identified in the literature as transmitters of disease. Should this assumption be confirmed the number of Diptera species which have to be considered as agents for the spread of disease would be enlarged within the environment of contamination P/S.--The results obtained in P/S constitutes an addition to the material so far worked out for the dipterology of human habitation. This should serve as background for further selective, microbiological and medical research on the role of Diptera as transmitters of disease.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1981

[Subunits of lutropins: an intrinsic gonadotropic activity of alpha and the role of beta in the determination of the zoological specificity of action].

Pieces of Eel ovary were incubated in presence of various gonadotropic hormones or their subunits (alpha, beta) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate tissue concentration was measured. Carp gonadotropin (c-GTH) and a hybrid (bovine lutropin alpha-c-GTH beta) exhibited a very similar, intense, dose-dependent activity in the range 0.002-1 microgram/ml. Mammalian lutropins (LH) and their subunits became active in the range 1-100 microgram/ml: a strong stimulation (#30X) was attained with bovine LH alpha whereas the maximal stimulation obtained with bovine or ovine LH was #3X. This the activity of LH alpha cannot be due to a contamination by the hormone and it is intrinsic. The comparison of c-GTH, LH and hybrid actions indicate that the beta subunit plays a major role in determining the zoological specificity of action of the dimer.

Anguilla↗
PubMed1982

The microcomputer as an aid to medical records management in a zoological park.

A system for computerizing clinical medical records at a zoological park was designed, using microcomputer system components. Records were entered and retrieved in natural language, with minimal coding of information. Commercially available computer programs were used to manage data from anesthesia, radiography, clinical pathology, vaccination records, and tuberculin testing records. Programs written in BASIC language were used for storing and retrieving animal inventory data, daily medical and surgical records, results of fecal examinations, and anthelmintic treatment records.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Salmonellosis and arizonosis in the reptile collection at the National Zoological Park.

The prevalence of Salmonella and Arizona organisms in the reptile collection at the National Zoological Park was investigated. Culture of specimens from 311 reptiles, while live or at necropsy, yielded yielded 117 positive results, for an overall infection rate of 37%. Snakes had the highest rate, 55% (69 of 125); lizards had an intermediate rate, 36% (46 of 129); and turtles and tortoises had the lowest rate, 3% (2 of 63). Twenty-four serotypes of Salmonella enteritidis, 1 of S choleraesuis, and 39 of Arizona hinshawii were represented. While clinical illness was never directly attributed to infection with these organisms, pure cultures of Salmonella and Arizona were recovered at necropsy from some reptiles with gross and/or histologic lesions in the gastrointestinal tract, liver, spleen, and blood vessels. However, numerous other concurrent diseases and management problems were often considered the immediate cause of death, with Salmonella and Arizona being ready and significant opportunistic pathogens contributing to the demise of the reptiles.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Epizootic of Mycobacterium bovis in a zoologic park.

An epizootic of Mycobacterium bovis in a zoologic park resulted in the death of 4 southern white rhinoceroses and 2 colobus monkeys. Zoo personnel were detected that had positive intradermal tuberculin skin test results after exposure to mycobacterial-infected animals. On the basis of DNA fingerprinting, all 3 mycobacterial isolates (from 1 rhinoceros and 2 monkeys) were determined to be genetically similar and probably originated from the same source. The 3 animals (1 rhinoceros and 2 colobus monkeys) that had confirmed infections lived in separate, but adjacent, areas. Aerosolization of bacteria during routine cleaning was believed to have contributed to the unusual distance between infected animals. Tuberculosis has reemerged as a major disease problem in human and veterinary medicine.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Bacterial infections in felines in zoological gardens].

The significance of selected bacterial infections of felines in zoological gardens is discussed. Anthrax and malleus are in Germany of historical interest only, tuberculosis went down very strongly. Isolated cases of pseudotuberculosis must be expected in future. Infections with bacteria of the genera Chlamydia, Pasteurella and of the family Enterobacteriaceae are also considered. The significance of Clostridium perfringens in the so called tiger disease is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Instructions for the correct use of zoologically relevant species designations for our domestic and laboratory animals, with reference to the current nomenclature of their breed types].

This study is concerned with the correct use of the scientific zoological nomenclature for domesticated and laboratory animals. With the help of four tables, additionally, the most current latin names of all important domesticated animals (animals of economic importance, ranch-bred animals, companion animals, fancy animals, laboratory animals) are given. The authors suggest a formal nomenclature for domesticated animals which should principally be related to the scientific name of the parent species (binomially and in italics), as always followed by the completion "forma domestica/f. dom." (not in italics). Problems arising from the use of such scientific names when hybridization and introgression is concerned are also discussed, and appropriate nomenclature is proposed.

Animals↗