[Electronic books without pages, as the CD-ROM market grows].
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The authors participated in the development of the first medical laser video-disc of the National Education department, together with 80 other French teams. Among the 40,000 images recorded in this version, of the 100,000 possible, 1,500 are of direct application to urology, which is already considerable and very largely sufficient for the institution of a good methodology of use of this new data support. The laser video-disc is produced from simple colour slides or professional video recordings of very high quality. Images are transcribed onto a stock reel, photographed to harmonize quality and then transferred to a master disc allowing pressing of numerous laser discs in a not too costly manner. The image in these discs remains analogic in contrast to digital CD ROM discs. The images can be read singly, with rapid access, or in sequence. Recording of comments on images is initially by computer with a very detailed, normalized protocol. This allows subsequent practical use of the Philips laservision video-disc with a computer and a high performance, if possible, expert system program. Creation of this basic model of multimedia medical data of large capacity requires, the development of original methodologies of use. Thousands of images are proposed and thousands of good practical uses should be proposed by us, for example: pedagogic for different audiences, in therapy, as an aid to diagnosis, to assist recording of medical images, in order to ensure effective cost/benefit ratios for the media. The innovation of a medical thesaurus specialized in imaging technics is essential to ensure maximum use of this disc, and the authors are currently developing means for insertion of the disc in the daily life of a university hospital.
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Dental education relies heavily on the use of color slides in the process of instruction. In fact, it is estimated that 300,000 slides are produced yearly for this purpose by all the dental schools in the country. This article describes how the wedding of computer and videodisk technology can create a powerful tool for managing a vast amount of visual information (54,000 slides) and an innovative means for providing instruction.
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The use of electronic radiography in double contrast enema reduced the fluoroscopic area exposure of three different radiologists by 48-63% compared with conventional fluoroscopy. The fluoroscopic technique in video disc recording (VDR) differs from the conventional fluoroscopic technique and therefore the use of VDR requires additional training.
The advent of the video endoscope is the most profound change in the design of gastrointestinal endoscopes since the introduction of the optical fibre bundle. As a television system, it is more expensive than existing systems but surpasses them in quality in my opinion. However, the CCD endoscope will not survive only as a special system for television. Although all the currently available and prototype instruments are acceptable for most aspects of diagnostic endoscopy, there is debate as to whether or not the CCD endoscope will replace the fibrescope. I think that this is a distinct possibility, but in order for the video endoscope to supplant the fibrescope it must not only equal it in all respects but must also surpass it in some significant way. This potential superiority hinges on the inherent versatility of the method by which the video endoscope obtains an endoscopic image. This leads readily to any number of methods of electronic and computerized storage, recall, comparison and transmission of endoscopic data, capabilities that can be used to advantage in many areas. In research that utilizes endoscopic methods it will prove invaluable; properly interfaced with other technological developments it can greatly increase the efficiency of an endoscopy unit. Remarkable as these possibilities may be, however, it is the prospect of computerized and electronic manipulation of the endoscopic images that most threatens the position of the fibrescope. If emerging CCD technology provides useful methods of diagnosis that go beyond simple observation in the visible light spectrum, then the argument will be decided in favour of the video endoscope. What form this will take, and when it will come to pass, remain to be seen.
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A laser video disk was used for recording radiographs and CT images. Although some deterioration of the image quality was observed in the stored radiographs, this drawback was compensated for by several advantages such as easy video recording, large storage capacity, random access to a desired image, and rapid retrieval and display on the monitor. Connection to a microcomputer further widened its applications in the area of education. Overall, the laser video disk was evaluated to be of practical use.
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