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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Glioneuroma associated with colobomatous dysplasia of the anterior uvea and retina. A case simulating medulloepithelioma.

The left eye of an otherwise healthy child was enucleated at the age of 2 months because of an enlarging mass involving the temporal iris, ciliary body, and anterior retina. The initial histopathologic diagnosis was malignant medulloepithelioma with orbital extension. Closer study revealed a superotemporal chorioretinal and ciliary body coloboma; dysplasia of the adjacent retina; a glioneuromatous mass replacing the temporal ciliary body, chamber angle structures, and iris and extending through the sclera to involve the insertion of the lateral rectus muscle; neuroepithelial elements resembling medulloepithelioma; and abnormally developed iris pigment epithelium, and dilator and sphincter muscles. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the main mass consisted of neurons positive for neuron-specific enolase (NSE), synaptophysin and neurofilaments, and glial cells expressing vimentin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and S-100 protein. The neuroepithelial elements reacted positively for cytokeratins and S-100 protein, in addition to NSE and vimentin, suggesting ciliary epithelial rather than embryonic retinal origin. The tumor was rediagnosed as glioneuroma, which in this case was part of a widespread colobomatous dysplasia of the anterior uvea and retina. The patient is alive without metastases or local recurrence 2 years following enucleation and subtotal removal of the lesion.

Ciliary Body↗
PubMed2002

The uvea in ocular trauma.

The uveal tissue is frequently affected in ocular trauma. Its anatomic and physiologic changes are responsible for many of the early and late clinical manifestations seen in the traumatized eye. Together with the retina, the uvea may be the tissue most responsible for the final visual and functional outcomes of the eye. Understanding its pathophysiology is the first step leading to proper management and ultimately to vision preservation.

Eye Injuries↗
PubMed1981

[Multiple ischemic infarction in the retina and uvea due to crystalline corticosteroid embolisms following subcutaneous facial infections (author's transl)].

Segmental ischemic infarctions in the uvea and retina were seen following injections of crystalline cortisone into keloids in the ipsilateral forehead skin. Seven similar cases described in the recent literature--also mainly due to crystalline corticosteroids--and several cases due to paraffin treatment, dating from the early years of this century, are discussed. The morphological basis of this rare, though typical, complication is the function of the ophthalmic artery as a bridging artery between the extracranial and intracranial circulation. An increase in pressure in branches of the external carotid artery--caused, for example, by peribulbar or facial injections--results in a reversal of flow and can lead to ischemic infarctions in the eye and orbit if embolizing substances are injected.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1997

Induction of rabbit cyclooxygenase 2 in the anterior uvea following glaucoma filtration surgery.

PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to evaluate for the presence of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) gene expression in the anterior uvea of rabbits following glaucoma filtration surgery. METHODS: One of the following surgical procedures were performed on the right eye of New Zealand white albino rabbits: (1) paracentesis (2.5 mm limbal incision); (2) iridectomy through a 2.5 mm limbal incision; (3) lamellar scleral flap formation or (4) full glaucoma filtration surgery. The animals were sacrificed within 3 hours of post-surgery, and the anterior uveal tissues were isolated. Polymerase chain reaction-based techniques were employed to assay for the presence of COX2 transcript. RESULTS: A partial coding sequence of the previously unreported rabbit COX2 gene was obtained. COX2 mRNA was detected in the operated eyes of animals that underwent either full filtration surgery or iridectomy through a limbal incision. CONCLUSIONS: In normal rabbit anterior uveal tissue, there appears to be minimal expression of COX2 message. After experimental glaucoma filtration surgery, there is rapid induction of COX2 message.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2006

Incidental mononuclear cell infiltrate in the uvea of cynomolgus monkeys.

Mononuclear cell infiltrate (MCI) in the uvea was observed in naïve, untreated (control group) cynomolgus monkeys in approximately 25% of drug safety evaluation studies. The total incidence of MCI in the choroid and the ciliary body was 29% of 342 males and 25% of 306 female monkeys. In the studies in which MCI was present in the ciliary body or choroid, the incidence was as high as 75%. There were no other ocular histopathologic findings in these monkeys. All monkeys were clinically healthy and the eyes were not remarkable when examined ophthalmoscopically.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Microfibril-microvessel connections in the uvea and optic nerve of the mammalian eye.

Light- and electron-microscopic examination of arterioles, venules and capillaries of the eyes of several mammalian species has shown that the microfibrils of ocular elastic tissue attach to microvascular basement membranes throughout the uvea (iris, ciliary body, choroid) and optic nerve. Although described sporadically in prior investigations, this report shows that the connections are a common feature of the mammalian eye. The connections appear most numerous at venules and capillaries and are sparse at arterioles. The connections may provide a mechanism by which perivascular elastic tissue influences microvascular function, e.g. the control of blood pressure in them or their response to changes in intraocular pressure.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Endotoxin-induced uveitis in the rat: a hypothesis for preferential involvement of the anterior uvea.

Endotoxin-induced Uveitis (EIU) was produced in Lewis rats by footpad injection of Salmonella endotoxin. Protein and cells were measured both in the aqueous humor and in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in order to examine if the inflammation was strictly limited to the anterior uvea. EIU was also induced in Fischer and Brown Norway rats and the inflammation was compared among the three strains. Although the function and structure of the choroid plexus is very similar to the ciliary body, no signs of inflammation were seen in the choroid plexus and the CSF. Among the 3 tested strains of rats, EIU was maximal in Lewis rats, less severe in Fischer rats and least pronounced in Brown Norway rats. It is thought that because of its specific microvascular structure, the ciliary body is specially prone to endotoxin induced inflammation. The amount of inflammation however depends on the genetic background of the animal.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Extravascular albumin concentration of the uvea.

The hypothesis that uveal vessels absorb fluid was tested by measuring the albumin in extravascular uveal tissues and in plasma. From these results the effective albumin concentration was calculated in both rabbits and monkeys. Three separate methods were used to measure uveal albumin, and the results of these were compared. In method 1, the intravenous fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-albumin concentration found in the uvea 5 min after injection (intravascular tracer) was subtracted from that found 2 hr after injection (intravascular plus extravascular tracer) to determine the extravascular albumin concentration. In method 2, intravenous FITC-albumin was followed by vascular washout after a 2-hr equilibration period to determine extravascular uveal albumin. In method 3, the endogenous extravascular albumin concentration of uveal tissues was measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) after vascular washout. The effective albumin concentration was determined by dividing the data in methods 1, 2, and 3 by the extravascular albumin space volume. The effective albumin concentration in monkey (as percentage of plasma) was, for methods 1, 2, and 3: iris 2, 3, and 4%; pars plicata 14, 12, and 7%; pars plana 2, 10, and 12%; and choroid 2, 12, and 10%, respectively. In rabbit, the extravascular albumin concentrations were: iris 10, 21, and 7%; pars plicata 69, 26, and 39%; pars plana 41, 46, and 10%; and choroid 88, 30, and 26%, respectively. These findings are lower than previously reported in rabbits, yet are consistent with previous estimates in monkeys. These results support the hypothesis that uveal vessels are capable of fluid absorption, since a large colloid osmotic gradient exists across the vessel wall.

Albumins↗
PubMed1988

Distribution and development of substance P immunoreactive axons in the chick cornea and uvea.

A study was made of the distribution of Substance P-immunoreactive fibers in chick cornea and uvea in whole mount preparation, using the indirect immunofluorescence technique. The development of these fibers during embryogenesis was also investigated. SP-fibers were present in all chick eye structures, in the various prenatal and postnatal stages examined. Their distribution was comparable with that observed by other workers in mammals. Transformation of the iris musculature from smooth to striated, during development, is not accompanied by significant changes in SP-ergic innervation.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Synthesis of slow-reacting substance-like activity in human anterior uvea.

The present study demonstrates that human anterior uvea synthesizes a 5-lipoxygenase product termed slow-reacting substance (SRS) (a mixture of leukotrienes, C4, D4 and E4) from arachidonic acid (AA). Characterization of SRS was done using the guinea pig ileum (GI) as bioassay tissue. SRS contracted GI and this contraction was antagonized by FPL55712, a leukotriene antagonist. The synthesis of SRS was enzymatic in nature since boiled or BW 755-treated tissues did not synthesize SRS-like activity from AA. Further confirmation that the substance was SRS-like came from the measurement of LTC4-like immunoreactivity.

4,5-Dihydro-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-pyraz↗
PubMed1984

Neuropeptide Y immunoreactive neurons in the guinea-pig uvea and retina.

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a recently discovered, amidated 36 amino acid residue neuropeptide present in many but not all sympathetic noradrenergic neurons. In the guinea-pig eye, NPY immunoreactive fibers were found to have the same distribution as noradrenergic fibers except that there were fewer at the iris dilator, in the cornea, and in the chamber angle. In the anterior uvea, the NPY immunoreactive fibers disappeared after excision of the homolateral superior cervical sympathetic ganglion, whereas in the choroid, many NPY immunoreactive fibers remained, indicating that they originate elsewhere. NPY immunoreactivity thus is not found in all sympathetic adrenergic neurons nor is it found only in such nerve fibers. In the retina, NPY immunoreactive fibers formed a single layer of processes in sublamina 1 of the inner plexiform layer. NPY immunoreactive cell bodies were found in the innermost cell row of the inner nuclear layer. The immunoreactivity was concentrated to the hillock region of these cells.

Adrenergic Fibers↗
PubMed1976

[Clinically unsuspected malignant melanomas of the posterior uvea (author's transl)].

Out of 1300 eyes enucleated between 1966-1974, 300 subsequently revealed histologically-proved malignant melanomas of the uvea. In 264 cases the clinical diagnosis was correctly made. In 36 cases the i.o. malignant melanomas were clinically unsuspected. The incorrect clinical diagnoses included: secondary glaucoma (30), retinal detachment (2), iritis (2), and end/panophthalmitis (2). The clinical symptomatology and morphology of the secondary glaucoma caused by the i.o. melanomas did not differ from that due to other, non-neoplastic etiologies. In almost all of the 36 cases the eyes revealed unilateral severe opacity of the media. It is important that one consider an intraocular melanoma in cases of secondary glaucoma, retinal detachment, or intraocular inflammation in which the etiology is uncertain. This is also true in cases of blind, painful eyes in which there is no obvious etiology. Early diagnosis is of vital interest to the patient because this group, in which the malignant melanoma was unsuspected, may be, as suspected in this study, is characterised by extreme aggressivness and invasive capacity. One third of these eyes revealed extension of tumor through the sclera and optic nerve. Also these tumors often revealed more malignant cell types.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Doppler ultrasonography of malignant melanomas of the uvea.

Doppler shifts were detected using duplex and color Doppler scanning in 41 of 42 patients with malignant melanomas of the uvea. Mean maximum tumor systolic velocity was 18.8 +/- 7.6 cm/s. Time-averaged maximum velocity in the tumor vessels was 12.3 +/- 5.3 cm/s. Maximum tumor velocity increased in four of eight tumors and was unchanged or had diminished in the other four 2 to 3 days after ruthenium plaque irradiation. Doppler shifts were undetectable in three tumors, markedly reduced in three tumors, and unchanged in one tumor 1 to 4 months after treatment. We detected minimal non-pulse-synchronized Doppler shifts in one of three tumors, and no shifts in the remaining two tumors 1 1/2 to 4 years after therapy. Color duplex scanning allowed a rapid overview of tumor vasculature and facilitated study of individual vessels.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1994

Hürthle cell carcinoma metastatic to the uvea.

BACKGROUND: The authors present a case of Hürthle cell carcinoma metastatic to the uvea in a patient with known Hürthle cell tumor of the thyroid. The fluorescein angiogram suggested a neoplastic lesion, and the collar-button configuration resembled a malignant melanoma. However, standardized echography revealed high internal reflectivity and an irregular acoustic structure suggestive of a metastatic carcinoma. METHODS: The clinical history and examination were consistent with the diagnosis of metastatic Hürthle cell carcinoma of the eye. Results of a fine-needle aspiration biopsy and histopathology of the intraocular lesion confirmed the diagnosis. RESULTS: Because this was the patient's better-seeing eye, the tumor was treated with an 125I radioactive episcleral plaque. Over the subsequent 27 months, the lesion demonstrated a gradual regression. CONCLUSIONS: We have not found any previously reported cases of Hürthle cell carcinoma of the thyroid metastatic to the eye. The diagnosis may be confirmed safely by intraocular aspiration biopsy. The lesion is responsive to radioactive plaque application. The origin, pathology, and management of this unusual tumor are reviewed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1981

Vascular damage in the anterior uvea induced by intravitreal autogenous blood.

The effects of vitreous hemorrhages on anterior uveal vessels were studied. Albino rabbits were injected intravitreally with autogenous blood, plasma, RBCs, iron-dextrin, or Ringer's solution. The vascular permeability was assessed by fluorescein iris angiography, carbon labeling and penetration of peroxidase. Following one injection of blood, aqueous flare and fluorescein leakage from the iris were observed for 40 days. Intense vascular carbon labeling in iridial and ciliary processes was present for 1-40 days and weak-to-moderate labeling in the iris for 9-40 days. Repeated blood injections aggravated the vascular response, showing extravasation of peroxidase and carbon labeling of iridial vessels for 92 days. The most severe vascular damage ensued from iron-dextrin and RBCs. Plasma an Ringer's solution gave no reaction. The authors suggest that the iron-containing degradation products of RBCs induce vascular damage in anterior uvea and disruption of blood-aqueous barriers.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Enucleation combined with orbital implants for malignant melanoma of the uvea.

Advanced malignant melanomas of the uvea unsuited for an eye salvaging approach require enucleation of the tumor containing eye. A series of 68 patients is reported who underwent enucleation combined with insertion of a spherical dura-encased implant after 30 Gray pre-irradiation therapy of the orbit. Postoperative results with special attention to cosmetic outcome and motility of the prosthesis suggest that the insertion of an orbital implant should be preferred to the enucleation with no implant.

Esthetics↗
PubMed2002

[Endoscopic resection of malignant melanomas of the uvea after preoperative stereotactic single dose convergence irradiation with the Leksell gamma knife].

In cases of large volume and highly prominent melanomas of the uvea, it is rare for conventional methods of radiation therapy to enable salvage of the globe or even residual functionality of the affected eye. Complications due to the massive amount of accumulated necrotic tissue often necessitate subsequent enucleation of the blinded eye. Tumor-destroying, single-dose convergence irradiation (radiosurgery) of such tumors applied shortly before endoresection can represent a possible therapeutic alternative in these types of cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Eicosapentaenoic acid metabolism in human and rabbit anterior uvea.

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) metabolism into 3 series cyclooxygenase and 5 series lipoxygenase products was assessed in human and rabbit anterior uvea. Both tissues synthesized 3 series cyclooxygenase products such as delta17 6-keto-PGF1 (PGI3 metabolite), PGE3 alpha, PGE3, PGD3 and TxB3 (a stable product of TxA3) and lipoxygenase products 12-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (HEPE), 5-HEPE and 5,12-diHEPE from 14C-EPA. EPA-derived cyclooxygenase product synthesis was considerably greater than the formation of lipoxygenase products from EPA in both tissues.

Alprostadil↗