Economic growth and urbanization: a study of Japan.
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"This paper seeks an appropriate specification of the migration exchange between rural and urban areas so that the implied evolution of the degree of urbanization agrees with its commonly observed S-shape. After demonstrating that the gross migration flows between rural and urban areas should be specified as nonlinear functions of the population in the origin sector, the paper introduces a model in which such flows are represented by gravity-type functional forms....[The model] can be used to give insights into the time paths of three basic urbanization variables: the urban-rural growth rate differential, the rural net outmigration rate, and the urban net immigration rate. All take on a zero value at the two extremes of the urbanization process and evolve in between according to a bell-shaped curve. These findings are illustrated by applying the model to data from the United States for the period 1790-1980."
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"This study examines the migration patterns of Bolivians who have moved from other provinces to La Paz. In order to better understand these patterns, the capital city was divided into eight similar socio-economic regions and the migration patterns analyzed for selected regions. In addition, the study compares the migrant flows for two time periods: location at the time of birth, and the migrant's residence in 1971. The research analyzes statistically the differences between migration fields for a representative area."
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"Metropolitanisation has been observed by experts as one of the main characteristics of Indian urbanisation. Rural to urban migration has been a major player in urban growth of metropolitan cities, particularly Delhi. Not only Delhi but its hinterland [are] urbanising fast as compared to the hinterlands of other major cities of India. There are several processes of urbanization viz. historical, physical, demographic and economic. In this paper the role of demographic processes in urban expansion of Delhi [is examined]."
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"The rapid industrialization of Korea since 1960 has brought rapid urbanization and recently many rural areas have begun to show depopulation in which particularly the young men and reproductively active women are leaving for the cities. In rural areas, population reduction is accelerated by migration and fertility reduction owing to decrease of young reproductively eligible women. In urban areas the number of migrants exceeded the number of births in 1965, but the number of births gradually exceeded the number of migrants." (SUMMARY IN ENG)
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"The concept of 'social urbanization' is examined with reference to demographic, social, and cultural patterns in Caracas, Venezuela during the period 1870-1908. These patterns, responding to changes on the national and international level foreshadow, and in some cases are the beginnings of, present-day patterns. Changes in the relations between Caracas and the core states of Europe and North America are examined, as are significant changes in residence and marriage patterns." It is noted that "significant amounts of internal migration were occurring during this period, and it is suggested that structural linkages between Caracas and its surrounding hinterland were forged by the end of the nineteenth century. Finally, it is argued that 'social urbanization' is part of the wider global process of world-system transformation underway during the nineteenth century."
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