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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Collection policy management for the Kuopio University and Kuopio University Hospital, Finland: detecting the needs of users and developing high-quality collections.

BACKGROUND: This article discusses the collection policies of a university library in a modern digital environment. A brief description of national collection policy decisions in Finland is provided. The rapid evolution and growth of scientific publication places new demands on building a collection in a health and bioscience orientated university, and it requires an evidence-based approach to support effective service processes. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to identify the needs of the university's students and staff. METHODS: Usage statistics were surveyed and analysed. RESULTS: Both usage statistics and user surveys indicate that the library use is divided half-and-half between the traditional use of printed material and library premises and the modern use of digital materials via the Web. The former is mainly the way that the students and hospital staff use the library, and the latter can be viewed as the researchers' way of using the library. Librarians and information specialists act in this as service providers and/or guides and tutors to the end-users. These results, however, must be validated with a longer timescale data collation and analysis, both of which are an ongoing process within the library. CONCLUSIONS: It is important that requirements and needs of the library's users are monitored regularly and acquisition policies are updated frequently. It also seems that the needs have changed quite dramatically in response to modern ways of disseminating publications, but this supposition will require further study.

Finland↗
PubMed1967

The process values of university research. A new research funding system is needed for federal support of the process values of university research.

The process values of university research are important in the context of several significant social and economic trends in American life. These values are being taken into account in the design and administration of federal programs. Federal programs to support these values should be distinguished from programs to support the product values of research. Failure to distinguish between these two types of programs will lead to a further dilution of quality in programs designed to advance science as a legitimate end in itself. The scientific community can best protect its own interests by helping federal agencies and universities and colleges develop a funding system to support the process values of university research on a cooperative, regional basis.

Financing, Government↗
PubMed2005

[The role of medical university in modern prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Examples from Medical University of Gdańsk].

Constant worsening of epidemiological situation in cardiovascular diseases in Poland in the 70's and 80's called for intensive measures in the field of preventive cardiology. Thus in 90's, in order to change this situation, among others, team from Department of Hypertension and Diabetology from Medical University of Gdańsk started, in cooperation with other medical universities, important regional and national research programs and preventive interventions. The aim of the educational program carried out in years 1999-2001 for Members of the Polish Parliament, opinion leaders and decision makers was to increase knowledge of the Polish elites about epidemic of cardiovascular diseases in our country. These actions made possible receiving greater support from the government for new epidemiological and preventive programs in this field. Thanks to NATPOL PLUS project, carried out on the representative sample of adults in 2002, we determined for the first time the prevalence and control of main cardiovascular risk factors in Poland. Results of this program helped planning preventive tasks in the National Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention and Treatment Program POLKARD 2003-2005. The aim of the preventive programmes: SOPKARD and Polish Four-Cities Project was to work out standards of modern, comprehensive interventions. They permitted planning and introduction of the largest preventive program: the Polish 400 Cities Project (PP400M). The PP400M is addressed to citizens of all small towns (to 8000 citizens) and surrounding villages in the whole country. All these accomplishments in the field of quickly expanded clinical epidemiology and cardiovascular prevention are directed mainly to Pomeranian and Polish citizens, especially those who are not aware of high risk of myocardial infarction or stroke. The main principle of our strategy is the role of university as an expert in preparation and supervision of the programs, which were carried out by the specialized organizations and firms such as PBS in Sopot. The second important component of our strategy was an intensive cooperation with other leading research centres in Poland that allowed taking advantage of the joint achievements.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1989

History of the renal section, New York University School of Medicine 1926-1986, New York University Medical Center.

This history of the Renal Section at New York University School of Medicine ascribes its birth to a policy introduced by John Henry Wyckoff in 1924 that divided the Department of Medicine into sections devoted to the various subspecialties. Physicians selected to head each section sought further training. William Goldring, asked to organize the kidney section, spent a sabbatical year working with Homer William Smith, chairman and professor of the department of physiology at New York University School of Medicine. The second event was the development of a postdoctoral fellowship program in which medical school graduates, following completion of their intern and residency program, returned to basic science departments for exposure to and training in research in preparation for their return to clinical medicine. The aim of this fellowship program was to introduce the experimental method, which had been productive in the physical sciences, to the study and treatment of disease in man. The third event was the continuous collaboration between members of the Department of Medicine and the Department of Physiology under the chairmanship of Homer Smith. Experimental protocols in cardiovascular and renal physiology developed in the laboratory were carried over to Bellevue Hospital for studies and treatment of patients with hypertensive and renal diseases under the direction of members of the Renal Section. The final step conceived by Saul J. Farber, Chairman and Professor of the Department of Medicine was unification into a single group of all faculty members working in the field of hypertensive and renal diseases in Bellevue, University, and Manhattan Veterans Administration Hospitals. The Renal Section then can attribute its origin and development to the establishment of divisions within the Department of Medicine, the postdoctoral fellowship program, and the collaboration between the Departments of Medicine and Physiology. The establishment of the Renal Section served as a prototype for organizing medical school faculties into teams responsible for teaching, investigation, and treating hypertensive and renal diseases and spawned nephrology as a subspecialty of Internal Medicine.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMed1981

[Profile and tasks of a medical university polyclinic in the past and present using as example the Medical Polyclinical Institutes of the Karl Marx University of Leipzig].

After a short survey of the historical development of the Medico-Policlinical Institute of the Karl Marx University Leipzig tasks and developmental tendencies of university medical policlinics are described, evaluating hereby the results of the Vth conference of higher education. They are understood as a university representation of ambulatorily working internists and to a large extent of the specialists for general medicine. Their main tasks consist in education and continued professional training of this group of physicians under integrative description of the whole subject internal medicine, a research oriented to practice as well as a guiding and coordination function for the ambulatory internistic care, taking into particular consideration the early recognition of a disease, in primary and secondary prevention as well as in a scientifically based ambulatory therapy of epidemiologically important diseases.

Germany, East↗
PubMed1995

Sexual behavior and health problems in university students, University of Antioquia, 1991.

Authorities at the University of Antioquia, Colombia, felt it would be advisable to institute a student orientation program aimed at preventing health problems resulting from risky sexual behavior related to new cultural trends. The purpose of the work reported in this article was to collect information on the existing situation and provide appropriate advice to the Health Division of the University Welfare Office. For this purpose a survey was conducted with the voluntary participation of 836 students enrolled in their final year of study. A survey form containing 45 questions designed to elicit demographic and sexual behavior data was self-administered anonymously by the participating students. Among the participants who were sexually active, 10.9% (17.2% of the men, 3.3% of the women) said they had contracted some variety of sexually transmitted disease (STD). The most common diagnoses were gonorrhea (42%), genital warts (23%), and genital herpes (19%). The risk of contracting STD was 4.2 times greater in those reporting sex with strangers; 3.4 times greater in those reporting four or more sexual partners; and 2.5 times greater in those reporting homosexual relations, as compared to students not practicing such behaviors. Some 28.4% of 790 survey respondents or their partners had been pregnant; 49% of these pregnancies had terminated in abortions, 77% of these being induced abortions. Only 51.3% of the survey participants reported customary use of contraceptives, those most frequently cited being condoms (by 32% of the users), pills (20%), the rhythm method (18%), and extravaginal ejaculation (17%). Generally speaking, it appears that participating students had received little sex education. To obtain information, they had turned primarily to friends and books. Those who said they had received adequate sex education at home participated somewhat less frequently in risky behaviors but appeared a little less apt to have used contraceptives and a little more apt to think that women should not seek satisfaction in their sexual relationships. It has been recommended that the university establish programs to augment student knowledge in this area, prevent STDs and unwanted pregnancies, and encourage responsible exercise of sexuality.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Universal protein families and the functional content of the last universal common ancestor.

The phylogenetic distribution of Methanococcus jannaschii proteins can provide, for the first time, an estimate of the genome content of the last common ancestor of the three domains of life. Relying on annotation and comparison with reference to the species distribution of sequence similarities results in 324 proteins forming the universal family set. This set is very well characterized and relatively small and nonredundant, containing 301 biochemical functions, of which 246 are unique. This universal function set contains mostly genes coding for energy metabolism or information processing. It appears that the Last Universal Common Ancestor was an organism with metabolic networks and genetic machinery similar to those of extant unicellular organisms.

Archaeal Proteins↗
PubMed1990

Poor compliance with universal precautions: a universal phenomenon?

An anonymous survey was conducted in order to examine compliance with universal precautions in the Department of Pediatrics at Loyola University Medical Center in Maywood, Illinois. Completed questionnaires were returned by 23 faculty members, 29 residents, and 22 medical students. Gloves were worn consistently during venipuncture or intravenous catheterization by 13, 7, and 18% of attending physicians, residents, and students, respectively. Most physicians wear gloves only occasionally and cite presence of high-risk factors as their selection criterion. Interference with the performance of procedures is the most common cause of noncompliance. In view of poor compliance with universal precautions, further efforts are needed in order to decrease the incidence of preventable exposure to blood-borne infections.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed2004

Universal screening for interpersonal violence: inability to prove universal screening improves provision of services.

OBJECTIVE: Universal screening for interpersonal violence is recommended despite a lack of confirmed efficacy. We hypothesized that the detection of violence via universal screening would result in high intervention rates for victims. METHODS: Women aged 18-65 years presenting to an emergency department were screened using a standard protocol. Medical and social work records were reviewed for positively screened patients. Outcomes included whether victims received counseling/referral services. Secondary outcomes were the documentation of services offered and safety assessment performed. RESULTS: A total of 1732 patients were evaluated; 615 (35.5%) responded positively to at least one query. Patients had a mean age of 34.7+/-12 years, 79% were non-white, 19% were married, and 76% had completed high school. Twenty-five out of 606 victims (4%) had documentation of violence. Residents were more likely than faculty or nurses to document domestic violence [3.3% (95% confidence interval 1.8-4.8%) versus 2.1 (0.9-3.4) versus 0.7 (0.0-1.4)]. The documentation of police contact, suicide/homicide risk, weapon presence, safety assessment and outside resource referrals occurred in less than 2% of charts. Only two victims were referred to social work (0.3%; 0-0.9%). CONCLUSION: Even in an institution with a heavy emphasis and training on interpersonal violence and alternative mechanisms for universal screening we could not prove that the identification of victims resulted in counseling/referral being offered in the emergency department.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Research progress in the last quarter of the 20th century at the University of Tokyo and Tokyo Women's Medical University.

Professor Keiji Sano described the history of neurosurgery in Japan until 1975. After World War II, not only neurosurgery but all fields of medicine were devastated in Japan. Professor Sano contributed greatly to the reform and modernization of neurosurgery during that very difficult era in Japan. He performed much research by himself and also as a leader of research groups on stereotactic and functional neurosurgery, cerebrovascular diseases, head injuries, and brain tumors. He organized the Fifth International Congress of Neurological Surgery in Tokyo in 1973. I succeeded in the chairmanship of the Department of Neurosurgery of the University of Tokyo in 1981. We have performed research on the treatment of brain tumors and cerebrovascular diseases. To obtain the best results for brain tumor treatment, we have introduced several new radiotherapeutic methods, such as the gamma knife, heavy-particle irradiation, and the photon radiosurgery system. To improve surgical treatment, we have energetically engaged in medical engineering research on computer-assisted surgical systems (intraoperative monitoring and navigation systems). We have also performed much research on chemotherapy and immunotherapy. In the field of cerebrovascular diseases, the main research projects have been focused on the mechanism and treatment of vasospasm and brain edema after subarachnoid hemorrhage. I summarize the results of our research performed in the Department of Neurosurgery of the University of Tokyo until 1992 and at Tokyo Women's Medical University after 1992, in the last quarter of the 20th century.

Biomedical Research↗
PubMed1989

Medical ethics teaching programs at the University of California, San Francisco, and the University of Washington.

The author describes the comparative dearth of scholarship and literature on medical ethics in 1972 when he began designing an elective lecture-discussion course at the School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). He traces the development of ethics teaching at that school and of his conviction that medical cases must be the focus of ethics education, not merely as illustrations but as the matrix of the ethical problems encountered and their resolution. Eventually, a required fourth-year course was developed that focused upon four essential aspects of medical cases: medical indications, patient preferences, quality of life, and external socioeconomic factors. This course and its evaluation--including inherent quandaries of evaluating ethics teaching--are described; he attributes the success of the course to the appropriateness of the four-part format for analysis and the support and participation of leading members of the medical faculty. Throughout this description of the UCSF program are short descriptions of the additions to the bioethics literature that were made during the mid- and late 1970s. The author then describes the present ethics teaching program at the University of Washington School of Medicine, where he has taught since 1987, and the intriguing and perhaps innovative possibilities for expanding and redefining that program.

Bioethical Issues↗
PubMed1997

Epidemiology of needlestick and sharp injuries at a university hospital in a developing country: a 3-year prospective study at the Jordan University Hospital, 1993 through 1995.

OBJECTIVE: To study the epidemiology of needlestick and sharp injuries in a university hospital in a developing country, Jordan. METHODS: A prospective study was undertaken of all needlestick and sharp injuries among workers at the Jordan University Hospital between 1993 and 1995. Health care workers were asked to report in person to the infection-control team to verify the incident and to respond to a questionnaire. Blood was obtained from patients and health care workers immediately and from the health care workers 6 months later for hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and HIV testing. RESULTS: During the 3-year period, 248 health care workers had needlestick and sharp injuries. Of these, 34.6% were staff nurses, 19%, environmental workers, 15.7%, interns, 11.7%, residents, 8.5%, practical nurses, and 6% were technicians. The incidence density was highest for the interns followed by staff nurses and environmental workers. Of incidents, 22.6% occurred during blood drawing, 11.3% during placing intravenous lines, 8.5% during administration of medication, 11% during recapping the needle, 10.5% during needle disposal, 12.5% during garbage collection, and 5% were caused by a neglected needle. Only 117 patients were identified; 36 of 62 of these had positive results for hepatitis B surface antigen, and 8 of 13 for hepatitis C virus. CONCLUSION: Needlestick and sharp injuries occur frequently in developing countries. Safer disposal facilities and routine hepatitis B vaccine should be adopted.

Developing Countries↗
PubMed2006

Airway management practices at German university and university-affiliated teaching hospitals--equipment, techniques and training: results of a nationwide survey.

BACKGROUND: Until recently, Germany did not have national airway management guidelines. This survey collected comprehensive data on departmental airway management practices from German teaching institutions to identify weaknesses, and the results are presented here. German national airway guidelines were formulated by an expert group on the basis of these data and the current evidence in the literature. METHODS: Questionnaires were mailed to the directors of 452 university and university-affiliated anaesthesia departments. They were asked to respond to 39 questions on the use of particular equipment and techniques, management of the difficult airway and training in airway management. RESULTS: Two hundred and twelve questionnaires were returned. Many alternative devices for endotracheal intubation, such as the Bullard laryngoscope, the Bonfils laryngoscope and the Trachlight, are not used in the majority (80%) of departments. Thirty-six per cent of departments do not have difficult airway carts. No departmental difficult airway management plan is used in 22% of departments. Patients are not provided with written information on their personal airway management difficulties in 14% of departments. Structured training in the form of block rotation is offered in only 29-40% of departments. Although trainees perform fibreoptic intubation (FOI) in most departments, appropriate training in FOI is not available in some departments (8%). CONCLUSION: There are deficits in various areas of airway management, in particular training and the use of algorithms. International guidelines and recommendations are not followed by a large number of German teaching institutions. The provision of German national airway guidelines should improve this situation.

Anesthesiology↗
PubMed2006

[The nursing diagnosis implementation process at the University Hospital of the University of São Paulo].

More than two decades ago the Nursing Department at the University Hospital of the University of São Paulo implemented the care model called Nursing Care System (NCS), which is comprised of three phases: Background, Evaluation and Nursing Prescription. Since then, it is being developed by the Nursing Department nurses as a guiding instrument for care, teaching and research. Having in mind the automation of the NCS, the nurses began to discuss the need for changes that could speed up the work process with the proposal of implementation of the Nursing Diagnosis as another step of the NCS and with the review of nursing action/interventions. In order to do so, the adoption of a standardized system of the care process language became essential so as to make possible data capture, grouping and classification for analysis and their transformation into information. The present study aims at sharing with other nurses this experience on the implementation process of the Nursing Diagnosis as a second step of the NCS.

Brazil↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Violence in the university environment: the case of the National University of Colombia].

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of beliefs, attitudes, perceptions and practices in the roles of witness and possible actor in riots, among the student community of the National University of Colombia in Bogotá. METHODS: A survey was applied to 500 undergraduate students in places within the university campus (cafeterias, study rooms, meeting places libraries). The survey comprised 18 variables which were grouped according to type and degree of violence. The information obtained was included in an access 200 database and analyzed with the SPSS 8.0 software for Windows. RESULTS: From 496 useful surveys, 271 students (54.5%) were identified as non-aggressors, 163 (32.8) as type 1 aggressor and 63 (12.7%) as type 2 aggressors. Significant relationships were found between the types of violence and the male sex, marital status, academic average, number of intimate couples but not with age nor with studying a given career. CONCLUSIONS: Violent means of expression had little or no acceptance at all by the majority of students surveyed, who prefer their opinions to be expressed through the student representatives or in working groups. However, persons participating in riots state that the available means or alternatives of expression are not enough, justifying their violent acts in certain situations. The aggressors tend to be males and believe that violent actions are more acceptable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Compliance to antiretroviral medication as reported by AIDS patients assisted at the University Hospital of the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul.

Compliance to antiretroviral medication is a problem for AIDS patients. Compliance can be influenced by the characteristics of the therapeutic program, by the health guidance professionals, by the patient, and by society in general. A group of 139 Brazilian AIDS patients from the Infectious-Parasitic Diseases day clinic at the University Hospital of the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul were interviewed from September 27, 1999 to January 21, 2000. We identified and evaluated the frequency of noncompliance to antiretroviral medication, as well as the associated motives. Those who ingested 80%, or more, of prescribed dosages during the week previous to the interview were considered compliant. Among the patients interviewed, 70% mentioned loss or misplacement of medicine, and 63% were considered compliant. Average compliance was 75.8%, with no difference between the sexes. The reasons given for non-compliance were: absent-mindedness or forgetfulness (67.7%), lack of medicine (41.9%), side effects (21.5%), complexity of prescribed regimens (12.9%), fatigue (9.7%), and voluntary interruption (7.5%). The non-compliance observed among these patients indicates that health service personnel should promote activities to recuperate these therapeutic programs, employing methodologies appropriate to the characteristics of this population.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1995

Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland: a neurosurgical chronicle.

There is a strong tradition of neurosurgery in Cleveland. This article traces the origin of Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals of Cleveland and examines the evolution of neurological surgery at these institutions. It looks at the strong Cushing influence on the process, by both Harvey Cushing and his family. The contributions of such luminaries as George Crile, Elliott Cutler, Claude Beck, and Frank Nulsen are described.

History, 19th Century↗
PubMed2000

[Proper disposal(management) of medical wastes--management of medical waste at University Hospital attached to School of Medicine, Nagasaki University].

University hospitals, not only provide medical care but also perform education and research activities. The waste at university hospital differs from waste at another medical institutions. Because there are various kinds of waste containing toxic chemical substances and recombinant DNA, care should be taken in treating such waste.

Animals↗