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PubMed2002

[Simultaneous determination of dichlorvos and trichlorfon in agricultural products by GC-FPD].

We studied a gas chromatographic method for the determination of dichlorvos (DDVP) and trichlorfon (DEP) in agricultural products. DDVP and DEP were extracted from agricultural products with acetone and re-extracted with ethyl acetate instead of dichloromethane. DDVP and DEP were eluted in one fraction on a silica gel column using n-hexane-acetone (1:1). DEP is a thermally labile compound, so it was derived to a more thermally stable compound by acylation with N-methylbis(trifluoroacetamide) and pyridine in acetone at 60 degrees C for 2 hours. DDVP and the DEP-TFA derivative were determined simultaneously by GC-FPD. The recoveries of DDVP and DEP from agricultural products spiked at levels of 0.1 microgram/g were 72.6-117.7% and 86.2-106.6%, respectively. The detection limits were 0.03 microgram/g in powdered tea and < or = 0.01 microgram/g in other samples. An interlaboratory study by 6 laboratories was conducted to validate this proposed method for 6 crops. Repeatability ranged from 3.1 to 7.8% for DDVP and from 3.4 to 8.3% for DEP, and reproducibility, from 6.9 to 15.5% for DDVP, and from 7.9 to 21.8% for DEP. Precision values were well within statistically predicted levels.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1975

[A case of hypocholinesterasemia induced by trichlorfon].

A case of hypocholinesterasemia induced by ingestion of trichlorfon is presented. A female patient took 20 gm of this insecticide for the purpose of the suicide. She was brought to the hospital one hour later, and her life was saved by gastric lavage. Cyanosis on lips and nails, pupils with sluggish light reaction and fibrillary muscle twitch were observed upon arrival. Laboratory examination performed on the admission disclosed a serum cholinesterase activity of 0.3deltapH per hour. The enzyme activity was depressed to 0.05 deltapH per hour on the second day of hospitalization. The enzyme activity then increased gradually in the two subsequent weeks and the patient recovered.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Clinical use of dichlorvos (Nuvan) and trichlorfon (Neguvon) in the treatment of salmon louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis. Compliance with the recommended treatment procedures.

Veterinarians representing one third of the Norwegian fish farms were asked about the clinical use of dichlorvos and trichlorfon by use of a questionnaire. A total of 45 veterinarians had experience in treatment of salmon lice with these organophosphates. Fourty-nine percent of the veterinarians reported that the fish farmers in their region solely used the recommended treatment equipment when delousing the fish, of these 1/4 always oxygenated the treatment solution. Repeated treatment were always prescribed by 24% of the veterinarians, while 44% did this occasionally. Of the 45 veterinarians 7% were often present and 44% were occasionally present at the fish farms in connection with the treatment. The answers showed that compliance with the recommended treatment procedures was unsatisfactory.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Controlled test evaluation of the benzimidazole anthelmintic VET 220-S alone or with concomitant trichlorfon treatment against naturally acquired gastrointestinal parasites in ponies.

A controlled test was done in 30 naturally infected ponies to evaluate the antiparasitic activity of the dienbendazole analog VET 220-S given alone or with trichlorfon (TCF) by nasogastric intubation. Six ponies were nontreated; 6 were given VET 220-S (5.0 mg/kg); 6 were given TCF (40 mg/kg); 6 were given VET 220-S (2.5 mg/kg) and TCF (40 mg/kg); and 6 were given VET 220-S (5.0 mg/kg) and TCF (40 mg/kg). All ponies were euthanatized and necropsied 7 or 8 days after treatment. Draschia megastoma, Oxyuris equi, Strongylus vulgaris, S edentatus, and small strongyles were removed efficaciously by all doses of VET 220-S. Habronema muscae and microfilariae of Onchocerca cervicalis were not removed by VET 220-S or TCF. Gasterophilus intestinalis was 97.9% removed by TCF. Pregnant mares in all groups were not adversely affected by treatment, except for 1 mare that had diarrhea after TCF treatment. Parasite eggs per gram and larval culture data agreed with necropsy data.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Effect of trichlorfon on selenium distribution in rabbits.

The investigations were performed on 94 rabbits intoxicated with trichlorfon which were untreated or treated. The intoxicated rabbits were given per os Na75SeO3. Selenium distribution in different organs and tissues was examined radiometrically. In intoxicated untreated rabbits and in those at the beginning of treatment decreased selenium level was found.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Critical test and safety evaluations of an oral paste preparation of mebendazole and trichlorfon in horses.

Critical tests were done on 24 naturally parasitized horses to compare the antiparasitic activity of an oral paste preparation of mebendazole and trichlorfon with that of the marketed powder formulation. Each formulation was administered at the recommended dosages of 8.8 mg of mebendazole and 40 mg of trichlorfon/kg of body weight. Efficacy of the paste formulation ranged from 97.7% to 100% against 2nd- and 3rd-stage Gasterophilus spp, adult Strongylus vulgaris, S edentatus, Parascaris equorum, small strongyles; and larval and adult forms of Oxyuris equi. Adverse effects were generally limited to slight softening of the feces. Mild and transient restlessness or sweating were also observed in 2 of 12 horses treated with the paste formulation. The toxic effects of the paste, administered at 2.2 times the therapeutic dose, were examined in 6 horses and compared with the effects of a nonmedicated paste, administered in similar volumes to 6 other horses. Drug-related changes were not detected in clinical chemical analyses, hematologic values, or liver function tests. Transient clinical signs of organophosphate toxicosis (primarily the passage of loose feces) and prolonged inhibition of erythrocyte cholinesterase activity were evident within 1 hour after drug treatment. These effects were similar to those reported for the 2.2 X dose of marketed powder formulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Test of 0,0-dimethyl (l-hydroxy-2,2,2-trichloroethyl)-phosphonate (trichlorfon) for carcinogenic activity in mice by oral (oesophageal-gastric intubation), intraperitoneal and dermal application (author's transl)].

0,0-Dimethyl(1-hydroxy-2,2,2-trichloroethyl)-phosphonate (Trichlorfon; TCP) was tested for carcinogenic activity in male and female mice derived from strain AB/Jena by oral (oesophageal-gastric intubation), intraperitoneal and dermal administration. The maximum period of treatment was 73 (oral), 73 (intraperitoneal) or 75 (dermal) weeks. During this period the following maximum mean total doses of TCP per animal had been administered: 157.5 mg(male, oral), 154 mg (female, oral), 160.8 mg (male, intraperitoneal), 149.7 mg (female, intraperitoneal). The dermally treated male and female mice had received a maximum total dose of 375 mg per animal. The study was terminated at 80 weeks. There is no statistic significant difference when compared the total tumour incidence of TCP-treated animals and control mice or the incidence of the different corresponding groups of mice separated by the route of administration or the incidence of malignant and benign tumours separated for the different groups. These findings were independent from whether the groups of TCP-treated animals and solvent control animals were combined or divided by sex for comparison.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1978

[Test of O,O-dimethyl(1-hydroxy-2,2,2-trichloroethyl)phosphonate (Trichlorfon) for carcinogenic acitivity in rats by oral (oesphageal-gastric intubation) and intraperitoneal application (author's transl)].

O,O-Dimethyl (1-hydroxy-2,2,2-trichloroethyl)phosphonate (Trichlorfon) is produced at a large scale and used in many countries e. g. in agriculture and housholds to control insects and on animals to control parasties. The compound (dissolved in isotonic sodium chloride solution) was tested for carcinogenic activity in albino rats by oral (oesophageal-gastric intubation) and intraperitoneal administration. The period of treatment was 90 weeks. The experiment was terminated at 118 weeks. There was no statistically significant difference when the tumor incidence in the groups of treated and control animals was compared. No carcinogenic activity of the compound could be demonstrated in rats at either route of application.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1978

Congenital ataxia and tremor with cerebellar hypoplasia in piglets borne by sows treated with Neguvon vet. (metrifonate, trichlorfon) during pregnancy.

In 1976--77 The State Veterinary Serum Laboratory received new-born pigs which had shown nervous disorders immediately after birth. In all the cases the sows had been treated with Nevugon vet. (metrifonate, trichlorfon) during pregnancy. In the majority of the affected litters the morbidity and lethality were 100 per cent. Analysis of the breeding data from some of the herds suggested that the period during which the fetuses are sensitive is rather narrow, i.e., approximately from day 45 to day 63. The disease was reproduced experimentally and it was concluded that oral treatment of pregnant sows with Neguvon vet. about the middle of the gestation period can result in severe nervous disorders in the piglets. Clinically the disease is characterized by ataxia and tremor, and corresponding to that there is a pronounced hypoplasia of the cerebellum and also a reduction in the size of the spinal cord.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1978

[Test of 0,0-dimethyl(1-hydroxy-2,2,2-trichlorethyl)phosphonate (Trichlorfon) for carcinogenic activity in Syrian golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus Waterhouse) by intraperitoneal administration (author's transl)].

0,0-Dimethyl(1-hydroxy-2,2,2-trichlorethyl)phosphonate (Trichlorfon; TCP) was tested for carcinogenic activity in male and female Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus Waterhouse) by intraperitoneal administration. The period of administration was 90 weeks, when maximum total doses of 204 mg (male) and 206 mg (female) TCP per animal had been injected. The study was terminated at 100 weeks. There was no statistically significant difference, when compared the total tumour incidence, or the incidence of malignant and benign tumours separated, of the groups of treated and control animals. These findings were independent from whether the groups of TCP-injected animals and controls were combined or divided by sex.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Critical tests of the antiparasitic activity of thiabendazole and trichlorfon sequentially administered to horses via stomach tube.

Thirteen critical tests were conducted in horses naturally infected with helminths and bots. Single doses of thiabendazole (44 mg/kg of body weight) and trichlorfon (40 mg/kg of body weight) powder formulations were administered as suspensions sequentially given via stomach tube to evaluate the efficacy of the combination against the large parasites of horses. Parasite removal efficacies were 100% against 2nd instar Gasterophilus intestinalis and 2nd and 3rd instar Gasterophilus nasalis and 82 to 100% against 3rd instar G intestinals. There were complete removals of mature and immature Parascaris equorum and mature Oxyuris equi. Removal efficacies against Strongylus vulgaris were 89 to 100% and against Strongylus edentatus, 82 to 100%. Of 2 horses infected with Strongylus equinus, removals were 72 and 100%. Seven of the 13 horses treated had transient, semi-liquid feces during the posttreatment hours 1 through 24.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

[Renal excretion of dimethylphosphate and its thio-derivatives following application of dimethoate, bromophos, naled or trichlorfon to rats].

Dimethoate, bromophos, naled or trichlorophon were applied i.p. or p.o. to rats in 3 doses each differing by the factor 10. In the urine of 24 h gas chromatographic determination of dimethylphosphate (DM), O.O-dimethylthiophosphate (TP), and/or O.O-dimethyldithiophosphate (DT) were carried out. After i.p. application of dimethoate the excretion rate of DT calculated from the dates found with the lowest dosage differed significantly from those found with the two other doses (t-test; p = 0.01). The excretion rates of DM and TP, in the same way, or those of DM, TP, and DT after oral intake of dimethoate did not show any significant differences. The excretion rates of TP after bromophos and of DM after naled or trichlorophon did not differ significantly after the same way of application. The findings make evident that under the given test conditions the excretion rate of DM, TP, or DT is practically independent on the dose.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Brain cholinesterase activities of birds from forests sprayed with trichlorfon (Dylox) and carbaryl (Sevin-4-oil).

Brain cholinesterase activities were determined in birds from forests sprayed with Dylox(2) at 1.13 kg/hectare (1 lb/acre - active ingredient [a.i.]) or Sevin-4-oil(2) at 1.13 kg/hectare (1 lb/acre - a.i.) for up to 5 days postspray. Of ten bird species evaluated from the Dylox spray area, four species represented by six individuals had values which were depressed more than 2 standard deviations below the mean. Three of these activities (two species) were about 20% less than the mean. Of 12 species evaluated from the Sevin-4-oil spraying, three individuals representing three species had depressed values. One value was depressed greater than 20% below the mean. Half of the depressed activities were in canopy-dwelling birds collected on the day of spray.

Animals↗