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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Tracheitis: outcome of 1,700 cases presenting to the emergency department during two years.

A retrospective analysis was completed of the charts of the 1,727 patients with the diagnosis of croup seen during two years (1985 and 1986) in the Emergency Department of The Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto. Cough (91.4%) was the most common presenting symptom. Other presenting signs and symptoms included stridor (57.5%), chest wall retraction (38%), coryza and wheezing (18.5%) and tracheal tug (15%). The majority of patients were treated on an ambulatory basis while 377 (21.7%) were admitted for further management. Inpatient treatment included racemic epinephrine (120 patients) and parenteral steroids (17). Twelve (12) patients required airway support (endotracheal intubation). No tracheotomy for tracheitis was performed during this two year period. No deaths occurred in this patient population.

Child↗
PubMed1979

Cough reflex changes in local tracheitis.

The authors describe changes in the cough reflex in unanaesthetized cats with experimental local tracheitis. Inflammation was produced by a silk suture fixed in the trachea and cough was elicited by mechanical stimulation of different parts of the respiratory tract mucosa. The resultant cough values (the number of efforts, the intensity of the maximum effort and the intensity of the attack) were compared with the corresponding values in healthy cats. In animals with a tracheal suture, inflammation was confined to the trachea. The intensity of cough elicited by stimulation of this region increased significantly compared with normal (on the 15th to 17th day of inflammation), whereas cough elicited from the laryngopharyngeal and tracheobronchial region did not. On about the 20th day of inflammation the authors found a decrease in the intensity of the maximum effort of cough elicited from the inflamed part of the trachea and a decrease in the intensity of the maximum effort and the intensity of the coughing attack elicited from the laryngopharyngeal and tracheobronchial region. They assume that the decrease could have been due to the development of protective inhibition in central structures participating in integration of the cough reflex.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Bacterial tracheitis in children].

Bacterial tracheitis (BT) was found in 10 of 748 children (1.3%) admitted with croup during 1983-1990. 9.9% of all the 748 croup cases seen (74) were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and 16 of the 74 required intubation. 10 of those intubated (62.5%) were found to have BT and had typical features of croup, including inspiratory stridor, hoarseness and cough. Airway obstruction resulted mainly from accumulated tracheal pus. After endotracheal intubation all required frequent suctioning of thick purulent secretions. In 2 children causative microorganisms were cultured from the blood, and in all 10 from the tracheal pus. All children were given antibiotic therapy but a 7 month-old girl died of secondary complications (respiratory syncytial virus infection, pneumonia and adult respiratory distress syndrome). The others recovered and were discharged from the PICU within 3-14 days. BT should be suspected when tracheal intubation is required in croup. In such cases close monitoring in a PICU and frequent tracheal suctioning after intubation is necessary; antibiotic therapy should be considered.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1989

Bacterial tracheitis in children.

We examined the records of 14 patients aged 7 months to 10 1/4 years who were treated for bacterial tracheitis from May 1982 to December 1987; the management protocol for 13 of the patients included the use of nasotracheal intubation. The infection was caused by Staphylococcus aureus in seven, Haemophilus influenzae in three, Branhamella catarrhalis in one and Streptococcus pneumoniae in one. Both H. influenzae and B. catarrhalis were isolated in another patient, and no organism was found in the remaining patient. In addition to the bacteria, viruses were cultured from the tracheal secretions of two patients. The mean duration of intubation was 7.6 days and of hospital stay 9.2 days. Twelve of the cases occurred during the cold months of the year (October to March). Of the three deaths only one occurred in the pediatric intensive care unit and was due to severe bronchospasm and an air leak that caused bilateral pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum. In one patient subglottic stenosis developed that necessitated tracheostomy. Healing began 5 to 9 days after the onset of symptoms, as demonstrated with the use of repeated fibreoptic bronchoscopy. We found that the airway could be safely managed with the use of a nasotracheal tube. Bronchoscopy helped to confirm the diagnosis, to remove adherent secretions and to monitor the course of the disease. The ventilation tube can be removed after the patient's temperature returns to normal, if there is an air leak around the tube, if the quantity and viscosity of the secretions decrease and if healing is observed at bronchoscopy.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1989

Bacterial tracheitis in children.

Bacterial tracheitis is a relatively rare cause of respiratory distress in children and is associated with a high morbidity and mortality rate. Three children who have survived this affliction are presented: one developed toxic shock syndrome in the acute phase and two developed late complications. The authors review the pediatric literature and postulate possible etiological factors. Prompt diagnosis and aggressive airway management are essential to survival. Early tracheotomy is recommended as the primary form of airway management.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clearance of bacteria in turkeys with Bordetella avium-induced tracheitis.

Quantitative clearance of aerosolized Escherichia coli from the trachea, lung, and air sacs was measured in turkeys infected with Bordetella avium. Clearance of E. coli in turkeys with B. avium-induced tracheitis was minimally affected early in infection. Sixteen to 23 days after infection with B. avium, sporadic, mild depressions in clearance of E. coli were observed in the tracheas, which had large areas of deciliated tracheal epithelium or replacement of normal epithelium by immature hyperplastic epithelium or metaplastic squamous epithelium. Clearance of E. coli from the lung and air sacs was minimally affected in turkeys infected with B. avium.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Herpes simplex virus tracheitis in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Herpetic tracheobronchitis and pneumonia occur basically in immunodepressed patients, but have rarely been reported in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Some large reviews on pulmonary manifestations in AIDS report a small number of herpetic pulmonary infections, without determining any prevalence of this particular viral involvement. Predisposing factors are alteration of cell-mediated immunity and invasive procedures (such as endotracheal tube use) in debilitated patients. The case we report illustrates the occurrence of a herpetic tracheitis in an HIV-infected patient with severe P. carinii pneumonia, needing systemic corticotherapy and mechanical ventilation. It illustrates the risk of dissemination of herpes simplex virus (HSV) from a herpetic stomatitis to the lower respiratory tract, even after the endotracheal cannula has been removed.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1996

Bacterial tracheitis: a case report.

An 18-month-old girl was brought to the emergency room of Chang Gung Children's Hospital with inspiratory stridor, suprasternal retractions and imminent respiratory failure. Despite orotracheal intubation, persistent poor air-entry was noted. Flexible bronchoscopy via the endotracheal tube showed a copious amount of mucopurulent secretions in the tracheobronchial tree without any foreign bodies. With vigorous suctioning and antibiotic treatment, she had a rapid recovery. Tracheal aspirates showed a growth of Haemophilus influenzae. Cefamandole was used with good response. In conclusion, although bacterial tracheitis is an uncommon obstructive upper airway disease in children, using a bronchoscope to diagnose and to guide specific therapy can decrease the morbidity and mortality.

Bronchoscopy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Inclusion body tracheitis associated with avian adenovirus in turkeys.

Nine turkey flocks with basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies, suggestive of adenovirus, within the epithelial cells of the tracheal mucosa were studied. Respiratory signs and increased mortality occurred in turkeys between 6 and 10 wk of age from nine commercial turkey meat flocks in central California. Necropsy findings included tracheitis and occasional mild sinusitis. Histopathology of the tracheas revealed epithelial deciliation, squamous metaplasia, large basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies within epithelial cells, and lymphoplasmatic inflammation in the mucosa. Electron microscopy of the mucosa revealed hexagonal viral particles, approximately 73 nm in diameter, consistent with adenovirus within the nuclei of epithelial cells. All tracheal sections were negative for adenovirus group II by specific immunoperoxidase staining. Adenovirus group I was isolated from the trachea. In addition, Bordetella avium, Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, and Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated from the tracheas of three, three, and two flocks, respectively. Statistically greater total mortality and a smaller percentage of marketed turkeys were observed in the submitted flocks than in randomly selected flocks. No significant difference was observed between the two turkey groups in market weight, feed conversion, or percentage of grade "A" turkeys.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMed2001

[Clinical study on treatment of chronic bronchitis by tracheitis plaster].

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical effect and mechanism of Tracheitis Plaster (TP) in treating chronic bronchitis. METHODS: TP is consisted of ephedra, almond, pinellia tuber, earthworm and white mustard seed. Patients were randomly divided into two groups, 59 patients in the treated group were treated with TP sticking on acupoints Dingchuan, Dashu, Fengmen, Feishu and Xinshu at back along both sides of thoracic vertebrae 1-6 and the 25 patients in the control group were treated with intramuscular injection of Siqikang. The times of treatment for both groups were 20. Clinical symptoms, X-ray chest film, level of immunoglobulin and T-lymphocyte subsets were recorded before and after treatment, and follow-up were carried out 0.5-1 year later. RESULTS: The clinical total effective rate was 93.2% and the X-ray improvement rate was 40.7% in the treated group, while in the control group, 80.0% and 20.0% respectively. Half and 1 year follow-up studies showed the total effective rate in the treated group was 91.5% and 89.8% respectively, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (80.0% and 76.0%) respectively (P < 0.05). The improvement in levels of IgG and CD8 in the treated group was also superior to those in the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: TP is a highly effective transcutaneous absorbent with promising long-term effect, it could regulate the immune function.

Acupuncture Points↗
PubMed1993

Herpes laryngitis and tracheitis causing respiratory distress in a neonate.

A newborn presented 1 week after birth with the sudden onset of stridor and respiratory distress. At endoscopy, the supraglottic and subglottic tissues were edematous and erythematous, and numerous plaquelike ulcers were seen on the mucosal surface. Cultures of the lesions yielded herpes simplex virus type 2. The infant required a prolonged course of acyclovir and remained intubated for 31 days, but ultimately had both virological and clinical cure. Evaluation and further treatment of this unusual presentation of herpes simplex virus are discussed, as are the implications of herpes infections in neonates.

Acyclovir↗