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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in the Kingdom of Tonga.

The blood pressure, electrocardiographic findings and serum total cholesterol of Tongans, characterized by extreme obesity, were compared with those of Japanese employees of a trading firm in Tokyo. The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in Tongans as far as assessed by these measurements was rather low for their excessive obesity. It is unclear whether the relatively low prevalence rate of cardiovascular diseases among the Tongans is due to genetic factors which might be considered an ethnological difference, or to environmental factors. Reducing weight is very difficult for many obese people. Accordingly, if "healthy obesity" exists, elucidation of its mechanism will be glad tidings for obese persons. However, the most prevalent diseases among the Tongans were the same as those of the developing countries. Consequently, imitating the Tongan lifestyle does not necessarily assure the longevity of obese persons of developed nations, although it may decrease the risk of the cardiovascular diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Medical and nutritional surveys in the Kingdom of Tonga; comparison of physiological and nutritional status of adult Tongans in urbanized (Kolofo-ou) and rural (Uiha) areas.

The physiological and nutritional status of adult Tongans in rural (Uiha, 50 males and 58 females) and urbanized (Kolofo-ou, 77 males and 71 females) areas were surveyed in 1977 and 1979, respectively. Adult Tongans of both sexes in the two districts had considerably large physiques. Being different from the obesity found in peoples of industrialized countries, the obese state of adult Tongans was associated with large muscularity, low incidence of glucosuria, ECG abnormalities and hypertension, and normal plasma cholesterol levels. However, modernization has started to have an influence upon the health of adult Tongans; relatively high levels in parameters relating to obesity as well as higher incidence of hypertension were observed in adult Tongans in Kolofo-ou as compared to adult Uiha islanders.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Tonga.

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Developing Countries↗
PubMed2002

'Atamai, fakakaukau and vale: 'mind', 'thinking' and 'mental illness' in Tonga.

This paper explores the concepts of "mind", "thinking" and "mental illness" from a Tongan perspective. Their old Tongan equivalents are 'atamai, fakakaukau and vale. Of specific interest is mental illness. A specific state of mind, mental illness is investigated, firstly, in the conflicting relationships of mind and thinking and, secondly, in the context of the dialectical relationships between traditional forms of disease and illness and medicinal and healing concepts and practices. Their inherently clear spatio-temporal basis gives them a sense of realism. This realistic sense is much more revealing when they are positioned in the context of ta and va, Tongan for "time" and "space". Ontologically, time and space are the common medium of existence of all things, in a single level of reality. On the epistemological level, time and space are social constructs, deriving from their relative arrangement across cultures. Conflicts inevitably arising from the time-space, form-content transformation of types of human activity, create symmetries and asymmetries in the natural, mental and social realms. By integrating time and space, a general tă-vă theory could be developed, so that we can better understand the complexity surrounding nature, mind and society.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed2006

Genuine modern analogues of Precambrian stromatolites from caldera lakes of Niuafo'ou Island, Tonga.

Calcareous or dolomitic, often secondarily silicified, laminated microbial structures known as stromatolites are important keys to reconstruct the chemical and biotic evolution of the early ocean. Most authors assume that cyanobacteria-associated microbialitic structures described from Shark Bay, Western Australia, and Exuma Sound, Bahamas, represent modern marine analogues for Precambrian stromatolites. Although they resemble the Precambrian forms macroscopically, their microstructure and mineralogical composition differ from those characterizing their purported ancient counterparts. Most Precambrian stromatolites are composed of presumably in situ precipitated carbonates, while their assumed modern marine analogues are predominantly products of accretion of grains trapped and bound by microbial, predominantly cyanobacterial, benthic mats and biofilms and only occasionally by their physicochemical activity. It has therefore been suggested that the carbonate chemistry of early Precambrian seawater differed significantly from modern seawater, and that some present-day quasi-marine or non-marine environments supporting growth of calcareous microbialites reflect the hydrochemical conditions controlling the calcification potential of Precambrian microbes better than modern seawater. Here we report the discovery of a non-marine environment sustaining growth of calcareous cyanobacterial microbialites showing macroscopic and microscopic features resembling closely those described from many Precambrian stromatolites.

Australia↗