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PubMed1992

The stimulation of arachidonic acid metabolism by organic lead and tin compounds in human HL-60 leukemia cells.

The liberation of fatty acids, above all arachidonic acid, in human blood cells is involved in numerous health problems or physiological mechanisms. The activity of cellular phospholipases leads to lipid metabolites such as eicosanoids, platelet activating factor, diacylglycerol, and inositolphosphates that are capable of mediating such pathological symptoms. The results presented here demonstrate that organic heavy metal compounds induce arachidonic acid liberation or its rearrangement within the lipid classes of HL-60 cells before a loss in viability can be detected. Four of the compounds tested, triethyllead (Et3Pb+), diethyllead (Et2Pb2+), trimethyllead (Me3Pb+), and trimethyltin (Me3Sn+), show a threshold concentration at which the viability of the cells is drastically decreased after 60 to 180 min incubation, whereas dibutyltin (But2Sn2+) induces a constant increase of cell death during the whole incubation time. In the case of threshold concentrations, the compounds stimulate a loss of arachidonic acid within the phospholipids and an increase of free fatty acid and eicosanoids before cell death could be detected. An important fact is the rearrangement of arachidonic acid within the lipid classes of these cells induced by metal concentrations that were not able to kill the cells within the given time. Primarily affected is phosphatidylethanolamine which loses arachidonic acid and, to a minor extent, phosphatidylcholine. Portions of the liberated fatty acid were then metabolized and/or shifted into neutral lipids and other phospholipids. All compounds tested show comparable effects, although at different concentrations. The toxicities of the compounds can be ordered as follows: Et3Pb+ greater than or equal to Et2Pb2+ greater than But2Sn2+ greater than or equal to Me3Pb+ much greater than Me3Sn+ greater than or equal to Pb2+. The cellular shape change following incubation with metal compounds is a further strong indication of a change in the membrane lipids. The cells lose their characteristic microvilli and/or blebs and become round without a loss in viability.

Arachidonic Acid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Differential effects of organometallic tin compounds on Na+/K+-ATPase activity.

In vitro effects of six dibenzyltin dichloride (A-series) and another six dibenzyltin diisothiocyanate (B-series) complexes on Na+/K+-ATPase were studied. The rat brain synaptic membranes were prepared and significant ATPase inhibition was observed with all the complexes in a dose-dependent manner. The order of potency on Na+/K+-ATPase activity of the chloride complexes was found to be higher than that of the isothiocyanate complexes. The IC50 values range from 64 microM to 252 microM for the chloride complexes and from 132 microM to 399 microM for the isothiocyanate complexes. A structure-activity relationship could be derived for the chloride complexes.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Tin compounds in sediments of Lake Maryut, Egypt.

Concentrations of inorganic, methyl- and butyltin compounds were quantified by a hydride derivatization/atomic absorption technique for eleven short sediment cores sampled from Lake Maryut, Alexandria, Egypt. All samples contained inorganic Sn concentrations ranging from 1875 to 8190 ng g(-1) dw, the highest levels occurring in the eastern portion of the lake. Methyltin concentrations were also highest in the eastern lake, decreasing considerably in the western lake. Mono- and dimethyltins were found at all sites, the former species being the highest in concentration. Trimethyltin was much lower than either, and was absent from four out of 11 sites. An opposite trend was observed for the butyltin species, their concentration being highest in the west lake, decreasing eastward. Mono- and dibutyltin were almost equal in concentration. Although tributyltin was absent from one site in the lake, it was much higher in concentration than the two other species, particularly in the western lake. In general, methyl- and butyltin concentrations decreased with depth in the cores. Methyltin compounds appear to form within the lake mainly by methylation of inorganic Sn, and butyltin compounds are derived from anthropogenic sources. No significant correlations were found between organic C and concentrations of methyltin species. A significant negative correlation was found between total butyltin concentrations and organic C in surficial sediments.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

Optical sensing of amine vapors with a series of tin compounds.

Certain common Sn(2+) salts exhibit bright luminescence of various optical wavelengths upon excitation with 254 nm UV irradiation at room temperature. Light emission can be selectively quenched by exposure to low concentrations of amines, and can in some cases be regenerated with either a nitrogen purge or exposure to acid vapors, rendering the compounds useful for application in optical sensing arrays.

Journal Article↗